Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Gene Polymorphism Research Articles

Investigation of the relationship between monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 rs1024611 variant and severity of COVID-19

BackgroundHigher expression of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 (MCP-1) was reported in several studies. The clinical severity of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could be affected by genetic polymorphisms in MCP-1. This study aimed to examine the impact of MCP-1 2518A/G polymorphism and clinical parameters with COVID-19 severity. MethodsThe polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used for MCP-1 rs1024611 (A/G) genotyping in 116 outpatients, hospitalized, and ICU patients. The biochemical and hematological profiles were collected from the patient’s medical records. ResultsBased on the statistical analysis, there was no significant relationship between the −2518A/G (rs1024611) genetic polymorphism in the regulatory region of the MCP-1 gene and the severity of the COVID-19. Multivariate logistic regression analysis has shown that the severity of COVID-19 infection was associated with decreased levels of eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and, monocyte and higher levels of SGPT, SGOT, NLR, CRP, ferritin, urea, and D-Dimer (P < 0.05). ConclusionThe MCP-1 gene polymorphism had no impact on COVID-19 severity. However, to confirm these results, a large-scale study needs to be conducted.

Assessment of circulating MCP-1 level and 2518A&gt;G gene polymorphism in systemic lupus erythematosus

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). This study aims to investigate the possible role of a functional polymorphism in the regulatory region of the monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) gene and MCP-1 blood level in the diagnosis of LN and in correlating the MCP-1 blood levels with disease activity. The study included 56 SLE patients and 56 controls. All the SLE patients suffered from LN. An analysis of MCP-1 gene polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction was performed followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis and MCP-1 blood level was determined using the ELISA technique. Calculation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) was performed. Serologic tests included the determination of antinuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA antibodies, Complement C3 and C4 levels. A significant increase in the frequency of genotype A/G and a decrease in the frequency of genotype A/A were found among patients with active LN compared to inactive LN. There was a statistically significant difference in the blood level of MCP-1 between LN patients and controls. Also, MCP-1 blood levels were significantly higher in active LN patients than inactive LN. A significant positive linear correlation was detected between MCP-1 blood level and SLEDAI, creatinine, and 24 hours protein in LN patients. These results suggest that an A/G genotype together with the measurement of the blood level of MCP-1 can be a useful tool for detection and follow up of active LN.&#x0D;

Association between Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 -2518 (A/G) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Chronic Periodontitis in End-stage Renal Disease Patients – A Case–control Study

ABSTRACT Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) plays an important role in the development of periodontitis. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate association of the MCP-1 gene polymorphism with chronic periodontitis in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). One hundred fifty ESRD patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), 100 without CP and 190 healthy controls were included in this study. Genomic DNA from all participants was genotyped for the –2518 (A/G) polymorphism by a polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR­-RFLP) assay. Significant differences were observed in the genotype and allele frequencies between patients with ESRD and CP and controls. The G allele frequency was significantly higher in patients than in control subjects, with odds ratio 1.77 (95 % CI 1.2–2.5), p = 0.0014. For the GG genotype the OR was 3.63 (95 % CI 1.5–8.76), p = 0.041. No significant differences in the polymorphism distribution were observed between ESRD patients without CP and control subjects. Comparison of the MCP-1 gene polymorphism distribution in ESRD patients with various primary diseases leading to ESRD did not show any significant differences. The mean MCP-1 serum levels were compared between subgroups. They were significantly higher in ESRD patients with CP (582 ± 112 pg/ml) than in patients without CP (309 ± 103 pg/ml) and controls (265 ± 85 pg/ml). Our results suggest that the MCP-1-2518 A/G polymorphism might be a novel risk factor for developing chronic periodontitis in patients with ESRD.

IP-10 and MCP-1 gene polymorphisms in Chinese patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia

Aberrant Th1/Th2 polarization is considered to play a crucial role in the abnormal immune state of primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). IFN-γ-inducible protein of 10 kilodaltons (IP-10) and Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) gene are involved in enhancing the Th1 and Th2 immune response, respectively. In this study we investigated the distributions of IP-10 (-201 G/A) and MCP-1 (-2518 A/G) polymorphisms in 323 patients with chronic ITP and 255 healthy controls by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The IP-10 and MCP-1 levels of blood serum from 79 adult ITP patients and 43 healthy controls were detected with ELISA. The frequency of AG + AA genotype in IP-10 (-201 G/A) was significantly higher in ITP patients than in controls, especially in female and adult patients. ITP patients showed higher IP-10 levels than normal controls. Moreover, both IP-10 (-201 G/A) heterozygote (GA) and homozygote minor allele (AA) patients had significantly increased IP-10 levels compared to homozygote genotype (GG) patients at diagnosis. No significant differences were revealed in genotypes and allele distributions of MCP-1 (-2518 A/G) between ITP patients and normal controls, as well as the MCP-1 levels. In conclusion, the -201 G/A polymorphism of IP-10 gene may be associated with the susceptibility of ITP in Chinese population.

The Frequency of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Gene Polymorphism in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.

In obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) many proinflammatory cytokines are released from activated endothelial cells due to repeated decreases in arterial oxygen saturation. Some of these proinflammatory cytokines are involved in the etiology of coronary artery disease (CAD). Although the association between OSAS and CAD is known, risk factors for CAD have not been determined in this patient group. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a key role in the development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we compared the frequency of MCP1 rs1024610-rs1024611 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in OSAS patients with no comorbidity, OSAS patients with no comorbidity except CAD, and healthy individuals. The study included 301 subjects. Two hundred one patients with OSAS (OSAS only and OSAS + CAD groups) and 100 healthy control subjects underwent polysomnography. MCP1 rs1024610 and rs1024611 mutation frequencies were determined. Body mass index, apnea-hypopnea index, triglyceride levels, and mean oxygen desaturation were significantly higher in the OSAS patients than in the healthy population (p < 0.05). In MCP1 rs1024611 SNP analysis, homozygous mutation was significantly more common in the OSAS + CAD group than in the OSAS and control groups (p < 0.001). MCP1 rs1024610 SNP analysis showed no significant differences among the study groups. OSAS patients with homozygous MCP1 rs1024611 SNP are at higher risk for CAD. The MCP1 rs1024610 SNP was not associated with incidence of CAD. Patients with OSAS and MCP1 rs1024611 homozygous mutation are more susceptible to CAD and early detection and treatment may significantly reduce mortality and morbidity.

A possible association between the -2518 A>G MCP-1 polymorphism and insulin resistance in school children.

Objective Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) has been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance (IR); therefore, variants in the MCP-1 gene may contribute to the development of this disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of the -2518 A>G MCP-1 (rs1024611) gene polymorphism with insulin resistance in Mexican children. Subjects and methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 174 children, including 117 children without insulin resistance and 57 children with IR, with an age range of 6-11 years. Levels for serum insulin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were determined. The -2518 A>G MCP-1 polymorphism was identified by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Insulin resistance was defined as a HOMA-IR in the upper 75th percentile, which was ≥ 2.4 for all children. Results Genotype frequencies of the rs1024611 polymorphism for the insulin-sensitive group were 17% AA, 48% AG and 35% GG, and the frequency of G allele was 59%, whereas frequencies for the insulin-resistant group were 12% AA, 37% AG and 51% GG, and the frequency of G allele was 69%. The genotype and allele frequencies between groups did not show significant differences. However, the GG genotype was the most frequent in children with IR. The GG genotype was associated with insulin resistance (OR = 2.2, P = 0.03) in a genetic model. Conclusion The -2518 A>G MCP-1 gene polymorphism may be related to the development of insulin resistance in Mexican children.

Relationship between MCP1 (-2518A>G) gene variants and ovarian cancer in Turkish population.

The monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) gene polymorphism(-2518A&gt;G) in the regulatory region of the MCP-1 protein has been reported to be associated with cancer risk. In this study we aimed to investigate the relationship of MCP-1 (-2518A&gt;G) gene polymorphism and ovarian cancer. MCP-1 genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction from blood samples ofovarian cancer patient (n=56) and a control groups (n=52).There was a significant difference in MCP1 (-2518A&gt;G) genotypes between the patient and control groups (p=0.049; x2=6.042). AA carriers were significantly higher in the control group (p=0.014) whereas AG genotype and G allele carriers were significantly higher in the ovarian cancer group (p=0.029, p=0.014, respectively). This study suggests that MCP-1 (-2518A&gt;G) AG genotype and G allele could be considered as risk factor for susceptibility to ovarian cancer.

Association study of MCP-1 promoter polymorphisms with the susceptibility and progression of sepsis.

Previous studies have indicated that the monocyte chemo-attractant protein 1 (MCP-1), also referred to as C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of sepsis, and this study investigated the clinical relevance of two MCP-1 gene polymorphisms on sepsis onset and progression. The Multiplex SNaPshot genotyping method was used to detect MCP-1 gene polymorphisms in the Chinese Han population (403 sepsis patients and 400 controls). MCP-1 mRNA expression levels were measured using real-time quantitative PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to analyze MCP-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) plasma concentrations. The rs1024611 polymorphism analysis showed lower frequencies of minor homozygous genotype (AA) and allele (A) in sepsis patients compared to the healthy controls (19.4% vs. 31.5%, P = 0.0001 and 45.9% vs. 54.8%, P = 0.0004, respectively). And the frequencies of GG genotype and G allele were lower in sepsis patients compared to the controls (19.6% vs. 31.3%, P = 0.0002 and 46.0% vs. 54.5%, P = 0.0007, respectively). The rs1024611 AG/GG and rs2857656 GC/CC genotypes were both overrepresented in patients with severe sepsis (both P = 0.0005) and septic shock (P = 0.010 and P = 0.015, respectively) compared to the patients with mild sepsis. Moreover, among sepsis patients, the rs1024611 AG/GG and rs2857656 GC/CC carriers exhibited significant increases in expression levels of MCP-1 (P = 0.025), TNF-α (P = 0.034) and IL-6 (P = 0.043) compared with the rs1024611 AA or rs2857656 GG carriers. This study provides valuable clinical evidence that the MCP-1/CCL2 polymorphisms rs1024611 and rs2857656 are associated with sepsis susceptibility and development. We conclude that MCP-1/CCL2 plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of sepsis, which has potentially important therapeutic implications.

Association of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) gene polymorphism with lupus nephritis in Egyptian patients

Background and study aimMonocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a member of CC chemokine that plays an important role in the recruitment of monocytes/macrophages into renal tubulointerstitium. A biallelic A/G polymorphism at position ∼2518 in the MCP-1 gene was found to regulate MCP-1 expression. MCP-1 and its A/G gene polymorphism have been implicated in the pathogenesis of some renal diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of the MCP-1 gene polymorphism as early predictors of the development of glomerulonephropathy in SLE patients. We also aimed to measure the serum and urinary levels of MCP-1 in patients with SLE, to find out its relation to clinical disease activity. Methods140 SLE patients (100 with nephritis and 40 without nephritis) and 80 controls were included in this study. MCP-1 gene polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. Serum and urine MCP-1 level were measured using high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ResultsThe A/A genotype was more common in controls than in SLE patients, whereas both the A/G (P<0.000) and G/G (P<0.000) genotypes were more frequent in SLE patients. Carriers of G allele of the MCP-1 ∼2518 polymorphism had more than 7 fold increased risk to develop glomerulo-nephropathy in patients with SLE. High MCP-1 circulating levels production from patients with A/G and G/G genotypes was significantly higher than in A/A genotype. In addition there were significant differences in the mean levels of serum MCP-1 (P<0.001) and urinary MCP-1 (P<0.001) between patients and controls. ConclusionThe present study provides a new evidence that the presence of MCP-1 A (-2518) G gene polymorphism and high circulating MCP-1 levels can play an important role in the development of SLE and nephropathy in Egyptians.

The -A2518G polymorphism in the MCP-1 gene and inflammatory bowel disease risk: A meta-analysis.

The monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) -A2518G gene polymorphism has been found to be involved in the susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, the results of existing studies are controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the relationship between the MCP-1 -A2518G polymorphism and the risk of IBD. PubMed, EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched for studies assessing the relationship between the -A2518G polymorphism in MCP-1 gene and the risk of IBD. Available data were extracted and statistically analyzed using STATA 12.0. A total of five publications involving 3137 individuals (1818 IBD cases and 1319 controls) were included in the meta-analysis. A combined analysis revealed that the MCP-1 -A2518G polymorphism in was a protective factor for GG + AG vs AA (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.67-0.87, P = 0.000). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity showed that among European patients the AG + GG homozygote, unlike the AA homozygote, had a protective effect against IBD (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.63-0.84, P = 0.000), but did not do so among Asian and African patients. Subgroup analysis by disease subtype suggested the -A2518G polymorphism in MCP-1 had a protective effect against Crohn's disease (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.58-0.81, P = 0.000), but not against ulcerative colitis. Our meta-analysis suggested that the -A2518G polymorphism in MCP-1 may be a protective factor for IBD in European populations. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene polymorphism and its serum level have an impact on anthropometric and biochemical risk factors of metabolic syndrome in Indian population.

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), encoded by gene CCL-2 (Chemokine C-C motif 2), is the ligand of chemokine receptor CCR-2. Concurrent clinical alteration in several metabolic aspects, including central obesity, dysglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension, is clinically characterized as metabolic syndrome (MetS). Role of MCP-1 in each of these aspects has been established in vitro and in animal studies as well. We here report genetic association of -2518 A>G MCP-1 (rs 1024611) gene polymorphism and level of MCP-1 with MetS in North Indian subjects. We analysed (n=386, controls and n=384, MetS subjects) for MCP-1 gene polymorphism using PCR-RFLP, its serum level using ELISA, anthropometric (body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-hip ratio and blood pressure) and biochemical (serum lipids, plasma glucose and insulin levels) variables in a genetic association study. The body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, blood pressure, serum lipids, insulin and fasting plasma glucose level were significantly high in MetS subjects. Regression analysis showed significant correlation of body mass index, waist and hip circumference, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein fasting insulin and HOMA-IR with MetS. MCP-1 allele and genotype were significantly associated with MetS. Serum MCP-1 level was high in overall cases. In conclusions, the MCP-1 2518A>G (rs 1024611) polymorphism has significant impact on risk of MetS, and MCP-1 level correlates with anthropometric and biochemical risk factors of MetS.

MCP-1 gene polymorphisms in North Chinese patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) remains one of the most important infectious diseases worldwide. Several studies have suggested that genetic factors may affect the susceptibility to PTB, but the specific genes involved have not been fully characterized. The gene for monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) has been linked to an increased risk of tuberculosis in some Mexican and Korean populations. To explore the role of the MCP-1 gene in the susceptibility to PTB in a North Chinese population, we evaluated the association between MCP-1 -2518A/G gene polymorphisms and the risk for tuberculosis. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of genomic DNA followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used. There was a significant increase in the frequency of the GG genotype of MCP-1 -2518 in 136 patients with PTB compared to that in 152 healthy controls (P = 0.008, X(2) = 7.133, odds ratio = 1.96). Similarly, the frequencies of the A/G alleles in the 2 groups differed; the frequency of allele G was higher in patients with PTB (P = 0.011, X(2) = 6.428, odds ratio = 1.536). In conclusion, the -2518A/G polymorphism in the MCP-1 gene was found to be associated with an increased susceptibility to PTB in a North Chinese population.

MCP-1 and CCR2 gene polymorphisms in Parkinson's disease in a Han Chinese cohort.

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and its receptor CC chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2) play important roles in neuroinflammation and they have been shown to be involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. In addition, several studies have suggested a role for the MCP-1 and CCR2 genotypes in cognitive impairment and depression, which are common non-motor symptoms in PD patients. In this study, a cohort of 521 PD patients and 556 cases of healthy controls were recruited to investigate the association between the MCP-1 2518A/G (rs1064211) and CCR2 V64I (rs1799864) gene polymorphisms and PD risk in the Chinese population. We also analyze the influence of these genotypes on the cognitive function and depression in PD patients by comparing Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Chinese Revision (WAIS-RC), Wechsler Memory Scale-Chinese Revision (WMS-RC) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) ratings in 217 PD patients. Our results showed no significant differences in the genotype frequency between the PD group and the control group (P > 0.05). In addition, we also failed to find an influence of the MCP-1 and CCR2 genotypes on MMSE scores, MoCA scores, WAIS-RC scores, WMS-RC scores and HAMD scores in PD patients (P > 0.05). The MCP-1 and CCR2 gene polymorphisms may not be genetic risk factors for PD in the Han Chinese population, and they do not appear to influence cognitive function and depression in PD patients.

Tumor necrosis factor-alfa and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene polymorphisms in kidney transplant recipients

Tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α) gene polymorphism is supposed to have a significant influence on the incidence of acute rejection in renal transplantation. The monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is another factor supposed to modulate graft rejection. We studied TNF-α and MCP-1 gene polymorphisms in 84 kidney allograft recipients with polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism and their serum levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The patients were classified into two groups based on their outcomes: Group I (n = 47) recipients with stable graft function as the control group and group II (n=37) recipients who experienced acute graft rejection episodes in the first 30 days post-transplantation. A significantly higher incidence of TNF 2 /TNF 2 genotype was observed among patients with acute graft rejection in comparison with the control group (40.5% and 19.2% respectively, P <0.05), while no statistically significant differences were observed in the TNF 1 /TNF 1 genotype between the groups (59.4% and 80.8%, respectively, P >0.05). A significant elevation of serum TNF-α levels was found in group II than group I and between TNF 2 genotype compared with that of TNF1 genotype within group II recipients. Distribution of MCP-1 genotypes in patients with and without acute rejection episodes was not significantly different (70.2% and 76.6% for MCP-1 A/A and 29.7% and 23.4% for MCP-1 G/G, respectively, P >0.05). The serum MCP-1 levels were not significantly different between the groups and between MCP-1 G/G genotype and MCP-1 A/A genotype in group II recipients. In conclusion, TNF-α gene polymorphism or its serum levels may identify patients at risk of acute rejection, where patients with TNF 2 /TNF 2 genotype or high serum TNF-α levels are more likely to have acute rejection episodes, while there was no relation between MCP-1 genotype or its serum levels and acute rejection.

Association between MCP-1 gene polymorphism and acute coronary syndrome in a Han ethnic Chinese cohort

BACKGROUND: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a multifactorial disease influenced by environmental and genetic factors. A growing number of human epidemiological studies have suggested that the chemokine, monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) are involved in atherosclerosis and ACS, but genetic evidence is contradictory. We investigated the A-2518G polymorphism of the MCP-1 gene in a Han Chinese cohort of patients with acute coronary heart disease. METHODS: The study comprised 484 patients and 346 healthy controls. This polymorphism was determined by using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS: Our data showed that frequency distribution of the genotype (AA: 16.12%, AG: 51.86% and GG: 32.02% in cases; AA:15.32%, AG: 53.47% and GG: 31.21% in controls; P was 0.762 and 0.914, respectively;) and G allele genotype (57.95% in cases; 57.95% in controls; P was 1.000) were not signifi cantly different between the patients and controls. CONCLUSION: This study showed that there is no significant association between A-2518G polymorphism of the MCP-1 gene and ACS in the Han Chinese population.

THE ASSOCIATION OF MCP-1 -2518 G/A POLYMORPHISM, ITS SERUM LEVELS WITH UNSTABLE ANGINA PECTORIS

ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) -2518 G/A genetic polymorphism on its serum levels and unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and the association of MCP-1 serum level with...

The -2518A/G Polymorphism in the MCP-1 Gene and Tuberculosis Risk: A Meta-Analysis

BackgroundThe -2518A/G polymorphism in the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) gene has been implicated in the susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB), but the results are not conclusive. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between the -2518A/G polymorphism in the MCP-1 gene and the risk of tuberculosis by meta-analysis.MethodsWe searched Pubmed, Embase, CNKI and Wanfang databases, covering all studies until April 29th, 2011. Statistical analyses were performed using the Revman4.2 and STATA10.0 software.ResultsA total of 5341 cases and 6075 controls in 13 case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results indicated that the GG homozygote carriers had a 67% increased risk of TB compared with the A allele carriers (GG vs. GA+AA: OR = 1.67, 95%CI = 1.25–2.23, P = 0.0006). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significant elevated risks were found in Asians and Latinos, but not in Africans (GG vs. GA+AA: OR = 1.79, 95%CI = 1.19–2.70 and P = 0.005 for Asians; OR = 2.15, 95%CI = 1.32–3.51 and P = 0.002 for Latinos; OR = 1.28, 95%CI = 0.45–3.64 and P = 0.65 for Africans).ConclusionThis meta-analysis suggested that the -2518A/G polymorphism of MCP-1 gene would be a risk factor for TB in Asians and Latinos, while not in Africans.

Impact of MCP-1 and CCR-2 gene polymorphisms on coronary artery disease susceptibility

Coronary artery disease (CAD) was the second leading cause of death during the last 3 years in Taiwan. Smooth muscle cells, monocytes/macrophages, and endothelial cells produce monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) within atherosclerotic plaques following binding to the chemokine receptor-2 (CCR-2). Previous studies have well-documented the association between MCP-1 expression and susceptibility to, or clinicopathological features, of CAD. This study investigated the relationships between MCP-1-2518A/G and CCR-2-V64I genetic polymorphisms and CAD in the Taiwanese population. A total of 608 subjects, including 392 non-CAD controls and 216 patients with CAD, were recruited and subjected to polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) to evaluate the effects of these two polymorphic variants on CAD. Results indicated a significant association between MCP-1 -2548 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to CAD. GG genotypes (OR = 1.629; 95 % CI = 1.003-2.644), or individuals with at least one G allele (OR = 1.511; 95 % CI = 1.006-2.270), had a higher risk of CAD as compared with AA genotypes. Results also revealed that subjects with at least one A allele of the V64I CCR2 gene polymorphism had significantly increased risk of CAD. G allele in MCP-1-2518 might contribute to higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation in CAD patients (OR = 4.254; p < 0.05). In conclusion, MCP-1-2518G and CCR-2 64I gene polymorphisms represent important factors in determining susceptibility to CAD, and the contribution of MCP-1-2518G could be through effects on atrial fibrillation in CAD patients.

Circulating MCP-1 level and ∼2518 gene polymorphism as a marker of nephropathy development in Egyptian patients

Objective Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a member of CC chemokine that plays an important role in the recruitment of monocytes/macrophages into renal tubulointerstitium. A biallelic A/G polymorphism at position ∼2518 in the MCP-1 gene was found to regulate MCP-1 expression. MCP-1 and its A/G gene polymorphism have been implicated in the pathogenesis of some renal diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of circulating MCP-1 level and the relevance of functional genetic variations of MCP-1 as early predictors of the development of glomerulonephropathy (GN) in Egyptian patients. Methods This is a case control study that was conducted in 50 GN patients, 20 non-GN cases and 20 ethnically matched healthy controls. MCP-1 serum level was detected by ELISA technique, while genotyping of polymorphisms in the MCP-1 genes was performed using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) detection. Results High MCP-1 circulating levels and subsequently MCP-1 ∼2518G polymorphism are associated with the developing of nephropathy irrespective to the underlying etiology. MCP-1 serum level was significantly high when compared with healthy controls ( P = 0.0007) and non-GN cases ( P = 0.01). There was predominance of A allele at ∼2518 of MCP-1 gene in healthy controls (87.5%) and non-GN cases (77.5%). The frequency of the ∼2518G MCP-1 polymorphism was significantly higher in GN patients than in healthy controls ( P < 0.0001; OR = 15.6) and non-GN cases ( P < 0.0001; OR = 7.7). Interestingly, homozygosity for G allele plays the main role in such association. Conclusion A/G polymorphism in MCP-1 gene and subsequently high circulating MCP-1 level confer a relevant role in the susceptibility to the development of nephropathy in the Egyptian population denoting that MCP-1 system could be an early predictor of such renal complication.

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 −2518 polymorphism is not associated with diabetic retinopathy in Japanese type 2 diabetes

To clarify whether polymorphism of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were related to diabetic retinopathy (DR), we performed a case–control study in 175 Japanese type 2 diabetic patients participating in a multi-center research protocol. Genetic analysis was performed using a fluorescent allele-specific DNA primer assay system. DR was diagnosed in a masked manner by an independent ophthalmologist using fundus photographs and was classified as non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR), non-proliferative retinopathy (NPDR), and proliferative retinopathy (PDR). The results showed that the genotype frequencies of the MCP-1 gene at position −2518 were not significantly different among patients with NDR, NPDR and PDR. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that significant associations were observed between DR and age, diabetes duration, systolic pressure, and HbA 1c, but not polymorphisms of the MCP-1 gene at position −2518. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated no association between polymorphism of MCP-1 gene at position −2518 and DR in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.