Monoclinic Crystalline Structure Research Articles

Facile synthesis of silver doped-copper oxide nano materials utilizing areca catechu (AC) leaf extract and their antidiabetic and anticancer studies

The present research highlights physical significance of green combination of metal oxide nanomaterials utilizing medicinal plant which has widely analyzed in different medical applications i.e., medicinal science, therapeutics. In this paper, we discussed environmentally benign approach for synthesizing silver doped copper oxide nanoparticles (Ag–CuO NPs) utilizing (ACLE). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were utilized to confirm the size, crystalline structure and surface morphology of the obtained nanomaterials. The monoclinic crystalline structure of the Ag–CuO NPs as produced was revealed by XRD patterns. Morphological analysis disclosed the nano-based spherical configuration of Ag–CuO NPs, as well as their morphology and elemental composition. The anti-diabetic effect of Ag–CuO NPs was further investigated utilizing a yeast cell model and amylase inhibition. Here, a decrease in intracellular glucose and a delay in carbohydrate digestion indicate promising antidiabetic action. Furthermore, the prepared nanomaterial showed anticancer potential against the MCF-7 cancer cell line, with an IC 50 value of 11.21 g/ml.

Structure, optical properties and antimicrobial activities of MgO–Bi2−xCrxO3 nanocomposites prepared via solvent-deficient method

MgO–Bi2−xCrxO3 nanocomposites for x = 0 and 0.07 were fabricated using the solvent-deficient route. X-ray diffraction method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) and UV–Vis spectroscopy were employed to study the properties. The samples were also evaluated for the antibacterial activity. The x = 0 sample showed a dominant monoclinic crystalline structure of alphatext{-}{text{Bi}}_{2}{text{O}}_{3} phase. No peaks attributed to MgO were observed. Cr-doped text{MgO}{-}{text{Bi}}_{2}{text{O}}_{3} in which Bi was substituted showed that {text{the tetragonal BiCrO}}_{3} phase was also present in the text{MgO}{-}{text{Bi}}_{2}{text{O}}_{3} composite. The Scherrer formula was employed to determine the crystallite size of the samples. The Cr-doped sample showed a decrease in the crystallite size. The microstructures of the non-doped MgO–Bi2O3 and MgO–Bi1.93Cr0.07O3 composites consisted of micrometer sized grains and were uniformly distributed. Direct transition energy gap, {E}_{text{g}} decreased from 3.14 to 2.77 eV with Cr-doping as determined from UV–Vis spectroscopy. The Cr-doped text{MgO}{-}{text{Bi}}_{2}{text{O}}_{3} nanocomposites exhibited two energy gaps at 2.36 and 2.76 eV. The antibacterial activity was determined against gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) by disc diffusion method. Cr-doping led to a decrease in inhibitory activity of MgO–Bi2−xCrxO3 nanocomposite against the various types of bacteria.

Study of the structural and optical properties of thallium gallium disulfide (TlGaS2) thin films grown via thermal evaporation

Thallium gallium disulfide (TlGaS2) belonging to layered structured semiconducting family has been a significant compound due to its outstanding characteristics. Its layered characteristics take attention for two-dimensional (2D) material research area and thus TlGaS2 is known as promising layered compound to develop 2D materials for optoelectronic devices. To the best of our knowledge, the present work is the first one investigating TlGaS2 thin films grown by thermal evaporation method. The current study focused into the structural, morphological, and optical characteristics of thermally evaporated TlGaS2 thin films. X-ray diffraction pattern of the films exhibited one peak around 36.10° which was associated with (−422) plane of the monoclinic crystalline structure. The atomic compositional ratio of Tl:Ga:S was found to be suitable for the chemical formula of TlGaS2. Scanning electron microscopy images showed uniformly and narrowly deposited nanoparticles with sizes varying between 100 and 200 nm. Room temperature transmission measurements were recorded to obtain the bandgap energy of the evaporated thin films. Tauc analyses indicated direct band gap energy of 2.60 eV. Finally, Urbach energy was obtained as 95 meV. The results of the present paper would provide valuable insight to 2D material technology to understand the potential device applications of the TlGaS2.

Study of a Novel Electrochromic Device with Crystalline WO3 and Gel Electrolyte.

Most ECDs are coated with an electrochromic material on the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) substrate. A novel electrochromic device (ECD), having a variable optical performance, was prepared by using tungsten foil as a substrate in this study. It was found that the WO3 discoloration layer, having a monoclinic phase crystalline structure made of 600 °C calcined, had optimum charge transmission performance with PADA gel polymer electrolyte. Ionic conductivity of PADA gel polymer electrolyte was 2.3 × 10−3 S cm−1 at −20 °C, and it was possible to help Li+ to implement embedding and extraction from WO3 even in low-temperature conditions. The colored time (tc) and the bleached time (tb) of the electrochromic device were 15 s and 26 s, and it showed yellowish-brown in the colored state and navy blue in the bleached state. The ECD (WO3-600) exhibited good cycle stability reach at least 150 times.

Electrochemical performance of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) decorated lanthanum oxide (La2O3) composite nanostructure as asymmetric supercapacitors

In this report, La2O3 nanoparticles decorated reduce graphene oxide nanosheets is synthesized to use it as electrode material in high performance supercapacitor. XRD and SEM results reveal that monoclinic crystalline structure with spherical shaped morphology of La2O3, which is uniformly decorated on the 2D-nanosheets of rGO. The surface area, porous nature and elemental compositions present in hybrids were determined by BET, XPS and EDS. As an application, the synthesized La2O3/rGO hybrids revealed enhanced electrochemical performance as high specific capacitance with excellent cycling stability which was very significant for electrochemical SCs. The La2O3/rGO hybrids electrode fulfills an approving specific capacitance value of 546 Fg−1 at a scan rate of 2 mAg−1 and improved cycling stability of 92.3% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles in the three-electrode setup. The asymmetric two-electrode system with outstanding energy density was assembled by employing the La2O3/rGO as the positive electrode and the activated carbon as the negative electrode. The two-electrode system displays a high energy density of 80 Whkg−1 at a power density of 2250 Wkg−1 within a potential rage of 0–1.6 V. Furthermore, the system exhibited high cycle stability (90.3 % retention) with only 5.8% loss of its initial capacitance after 10,000 cycles. The enhancement of specific capacitance is explained by the charge transfer effect between rGO and La2O3 at the interface.

Biomass-derived carbon (BC) boosted catalytic properties of zinc tungstate (ZnWO4) hybrid photoanodes for accelerating the triiodide reduction in dye-sensitized solar cells

Herein, efficient ZnWO4 nanotubes incorporated/BC sheets hybrid photoanodes were designed by controlling the surface charges of the two individual materials via facile hydrothermal method. The prepared hybrid nanocomposites have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) and UV–Visible spectroscopy. XRD and TEM results suggest that monoclinic crystalline structure with 10–15 nm diameter of ZnWO4 nanotubes were uniformly decorated on the outer surface of BC sheet. The BC layer has had a significant impact on the structure and properties of the material, including lattice extension, band-gap reduction, fluorescence enhancement, and photovoltaic activity. The photovoltaic properties of dye-sensitized solar cells were investigated by applying them on the working electrodes. The developed ZnWO4/BC photoanode demonstrated high power conversion efficiency (7.61%), IPCE (78.21%), and long-term stability. The improved mechanism of the proposed photoanode materials are also discussed in detail.

Methylene Blue Dye Photodegradation during Synthesis and Characterization of WO3 Nanoparticles

Semiconductor-based photocatalytic systems have found widespread use in environmental pollution cleanup and renewable energy production. In this study, we synthesized WO3 as a catalyst for the degradation of methylene blue, a thiazine dye, which was used in the previous work. The hydrothermal process is used to create WO3 nanoparticles, which are made from sodium tungstate. When it comes to confirming the nanoparticles, many characterization techniques are employed, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrometer (DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and field emission–scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The existence of monoclinic crystalline structure is shown by XRD, with the average crystalline size being around 34 nm. FTIR confirms the presence of metal oxides. The pellucid absorption extremity in the UV-Vis region corresponds to the rudimentary absorption of the WO3 semiconductor. FE-SEM confirms square-shaped nanoplates with EDX address the occurrence of elemental tungsten. The photocatalytic activity of WO3 nanoparticles against methylene blue is taken for at different intervals of time that confirms MB’s degradation. Our present work suggests that prepared nanoparticles should be potential for photocatalysts using various industrial dyes.

Biosynthesis and Fabrication of Copper Oxide Thin Films as a P-Type Semiconductor for Solar Cell Applications

This study aimed to synthesize copper oxide (CuO) thin films using an eco-friendly green synthetic approach. A sol-gel spin coating technique was employed for the synthesis of the CuO thin film using Allium cepa as a reducing agent. The fabricated CuO thin film was investigated using the Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-visible spectra studies (UV-Vis), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the Four-Point Probe measurement. The SEM micrographs revealed that the particles were spherically shaped, while the EDX analysis revealed that the CuO thin film was composed of copper and oxygen elements. Furthermore, the XRD analysis confirmed the monoclinic crystalline structure of the CuO thin film, while the FTIR spectroscopy investigated the chemical bonds formed during the production process. Contrarily, the UV-Vis spectroscopy reported a strong absorption of the film at the visible spectra with an estimated optical energy band gap of 1.48 eV. The electrical analysis, however, disclosed that the synthesized thin film portrayed good semiconducting behaviors.

The Friction of Structurally Modified Isotactic Polypropylene

The purpose of studies was to analyse an impact of heterogeneous nucleation of modified isotactic polypropylene (iPP) on its tribological properties. The iPP injection molded samples, produced by mold temperature of 20 and 70 °C, were modified with compositions of two nucleating agents (NA’s), DMDBS creating α-form and mixture of pimelic acid with calcium stearate (PACS) forming β–phase of iPP, with a total content 0.2 wt.% of NA’s. A polymorphic character of iPP, with both, monoclinic (α) and pseudo-hexagonal (β) crystalline structures, depending on the NA’s ratio, was verified. The morphology observation, DSC, hardness and tribological measurements as test in reciprocating motion with “pin on flat” method, were realized, followed by microscopic observation (confocal and SEM) of the friction patch track. It was found that Shore hardness rises along with DMBDS content, independent on mold temperature. The friction coefficient (COF) depends on NA’s content and forming temperature—for upper mold temperature (70 °C), its value is higher and more divergently related to NA’s composition, what is not the case by 20 °C mold temperature. The height of friction scratches and the width of patch tracks due to its plastic deformation, as detected by confocal microscopy, are related to heterogeneous nucleation modified structure of iPP.

Efficient planar heterojunction based on α-sexithiophene/fullerene through the use of MoO3/CuI anode buffer layer

In this work, planar heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells (PHJ-OPVs) based on alpha-sexithiophene (α-6T) and fullerene active materials were investigated. We have studied the effect of the hole transporting layer (HTL) on the performances of the PHJ-OPVs. The studied HTLs are molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), cuprous iodide CuI and MoO3 coupled with CuI (MoO3/CuI). The PHJ-OPVs were fabricated using the thermal evaporation/sublimation technique. The experimental study shows that double HTL MoO3/CuI, using 1.5 nm of CuI thickness, improves significantly the efficiency of the PHJ-OPVs compared with those with single HTLs. This enhancement is due to the fact that MoO3 contributes to the optimization of the holes collection and CuI causes significant influence on the nucleation and the growth of α-6T. CuI has led to spectacular modification of the structural properties of α-6T. When α-6T is deposited onto ITO/MoO3, the α-6T layers are amorphous, while they are crystallized into monoclinic crystalline structure with a laying down molecular orientation when they are deposited onto ITO/MoO3/CuI. The use of the double HTL and the optimization of the α-6T deposition parameters have led to an important improvement in the α-6T light absorption, roughness and the holes mobility. These findings participated in the significant enhancement of the PHJ-OPVs performances and their life time.

Comparative study on surface states and CO gas sensing characteristics of CuO thin films synthesised by vacuum evaporation and sputtering processes

CuO thin films have been synthesised by thermal oxidation of Cu films deposited using vacuum evaporation and sputtering processes. Single-phase polycrystalline CuO thin films with monoclinic crystalline structure and porous granular surface morphology are obtained by thermal oxidation of Cu films at 400 °C for 5 h, as characterized by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed a relatively larger presence of Cu2+ ions on the surface of sputtered CuO film compared to the evaporated film. The CuO film synthesised by sputtering process exhibits 15~20 % higher sensing response towards 91 and 915 ppm concentrations of CO gas than that prepared with vacuum evaporation process. The better CO sensing characteristics of sputtered CuO film are understood based on the combined effects of smaller crystallite size, finer granular surface morphology and higher surface presence of Cu2+ ions as compared to CuO film synthesised by vacuum evaporation process.

Photocatalytic Activity of Cu2S/WO3 and Cu2S/SnO2 Heterostructures for Indoor Air Treatment.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are commonly found in indoor spaces (e.g., homes or offices) and are often related to various illnesses, some of them with carcinogenic potential. The origins of VOC release in the indoor environment are in office products, building materials, electronics, cleaning products, furniture, and maintenance products. VOC removal can be done based on two types of technologies: adsorption in specific materials and decomposition via oxidative processes. The present article reports the development and photocatalytic activity of two heterostructures (Cu2S/WO3 and Cu2S/SnO2) used for indoor air decontamination. The acetaldehyde removal rate is discussed in correlation with the S-scheme mechanisms established between the heterostructure components but also comparatively with the bare catalysts’ activity. Acetaldehyde was considered as a VOC reference because it was found by the International Agency for Research on Cancer to be one of the most frequent air toxins with potential carcinogenic effects. The samples contained monoclinic WO3, tetragonal SnO2, and orthorhombic Cu2S crystalline structures. The Cu2S crystallite size in the heterostructure varied from 75.9 to 82.4 Å, depending on the metal oxide substrate. The highest photocatalytic efficiency (75.7%) corresponded to Cu2S/SnO2, with a constant rate of 0.106 s−1 (which was three times faster than WO3 or SnO2 and seven and a half times faster than Cu2S).

Fabrication of transition-metal (Zn, Mn, Cu)-based MOFs as efficient sensor materials for detection of H2 gas by clad modified fiber optic gas sensor technique

Recent research demonstrates that promising gas sensing materials are called metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their products due to their tunable form, high surface area, highly porous structure, and physisorption towards gases with relatively low temperature. In this report, recent developments in transition-metal (Zn, Mn, Cu)-based MOFs and their derivatives were synthesized as sensing materials. The sensors samples were analyzed by XRD, SEM, TEM, BET and XPS to know their textural, structural and electronic state. XRD results suggest that Zn-MOF showed hexagonal crystalline structure, while Mn-MOF and Cu-MOF showed monoclinic crystalline structure. The SEM images of Zn-MOF, Mn-MOF, and Cu-MOF samples and the relative morphologies are nanotubes, nanosheets, and nanoparticles, respectively.Further, the TEM image of Zn-MOF clearly shows that nanotubes with length around 200–300 nm and diameter of 10–20 nm. Fiber optic clad modified sensors were fabricated and tested gas sensing properties towards H2 gas with various concentrations (0–1000 ppm). Among the three sensing materials, Zn doped MOFs sensor showed outstanding selectivity with high sensitivity (115 counts/kpa) towards H2 gas. Moreover, it has shown high response (20 s) and recovery time (27 s), and long-term stability. The designed sensors may be required to apply to the production of an outstanding sensor for H2 for commercial uses.

Synthesis of Tm2WO6:Er3+ upconversion phosphor for high-contrast imaging of latent-fingerprints

A series of Tm2−xWO6:xEr3+ (where x = 0.02–0.50 mol) phosphors were synthesized successfully by the solid-state reaction method. The powder X-ray diffraction patterns of the Tm2−xWO6:xEr3+ phosphors confirmed that the as-synthesized materials belonged to the monoclinic crystalline structure, which has a P2/c (13) space group. Due to a similar ionic size and valence state of the Er3+ ions, they can easily replace the Tm3+ in the Tm2WO6 crystal lattice. High-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to explore the photoelectron binding energy and chemical state of all the elements. The XPS results confirmed that the W atom coordinated octahedrally to the oxygen atoms with its highest 6+ state in the Tm2WO6 material. The upconversion luminescence intensity at 657 nm [4F9/2→4I15/2 (Er3+)], when excited at 980 nm, was enhanced with higher magnitude when increasing the doping concentration from 0.02 mol to 0.20 mol of Er3+ ions. The dependence of the laser pump power with respect to the upconversion luminescence intensity depicts that the emission at 657 nm is due to a single-photon absorption process, and the possible reasons for the number of photons involved in the excitation of the emitting state, n ≤ 1 were discussed. The Commission Internationale del'Eclairage chromaticity coordinates and decay time measured for the Tm2WO6:Er3+ phosphors were investigated. Real-time latent-fingerprint detection using Tm2WO6:Er3+ upconversion phosphor without using Yb3+ ion showed an excellent marking agent for applications in forensic science and medical diagnostics.

In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry as a pathway toward achieving VO2 stoichiometry for amorphous vanadium oxide with magnetron sputtering

As a special class of materials, transition metal oxides exhibit in their crystalline phase a variety of interesting properties, such as metal–insulator transition, ferroelectricity, magnetism, superconductivity, and so forth. However, for industrially widely applied methods such as room temperature magnetron sputtering, during initial fabrication steps of these materials, they are mostly amorphous, and control of stoichiometry during fabrication is challenging. It is, therefore, of pivotal importance to control the stoichiometry of transition metal oxides during growth in the amorphous state. One particularly important example for the necessity of stoichiometry control is vanadium dioxide (VO2), where small deviations in stoichiometry during fabrication result in unfavorable changes in the electronic and structural properties, for example, the metal–insulator transition temperature and optical permittivity. In this work, the stoichiometry of amorphous vanadium oxides is adjusted to VO2 using in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (in situ SE) and verified by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. After an annealing process, a monoclinic VO2 crystalline structure is observed through x-ray diffraction at 30 °C. At an elevated temperature of 150 °C, which is higher than the typical metal–insulator transition temperature in VO2 of around 67 °C, a rutile crystalline structure is observed, which verifies the correctness of the stoichiometry of VO2. A Mott metal–insulator transition is revealed by the change in the imaginary part of optical permittivity through SE as well.

Influence of annealing temperatures on Nb2O5 nanostructures prepared using Pulsed Laser Deposition method

Nb2O5 nanostructures were successfully deposited by a Pulsed Laser Deposition technique (PLD) onto quartz substrates. The effects of annealing temperature on the optical morphological and structural properties deposited nano-thin films were investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated the formation of the monoclinic crystalline structure, with a preferential orientation at the (301) direction. The optical energy band gap found to increase from 2.9 to 3.3 eV.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye over Copper(II) Complex Nanoparticle Catalyst.

Abstract—A novel copper(II) complex nanoparticles catalyst was synthesized via precipitation and calcination. The catalyst was applied for the degradation of methylene blue under UV light irradiation. The catalyst was characterized for its physicochemical and structural properties by XRD, SEM, TEM and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. XRD studies revealed that the particles were monoclinic single phase crystalline structure, the morphology of the nanostructure was confirmed by SEM while the TEM studies revealed that the particles were FCC. FTIR spectra showed the presence of diverse vibrational functional groups. Photolysis of the methylene blue dye indicates no degradation after 1 hour reaction, while the addition of the copper(II) complex nanoparticles catalyst resulted in the decolouration of the dye by ~94%. The efficiency of the catalyst was attributed to the nanoparticle’s morphology.

Biofabrication of ecofriendly copper oxide nanoparticles using Ocimum americanum aqueous leaf extract: analysis of in vitro antibacterial, anticancer, and photocatalytic activities.

Nanotechnology tends to be a swiftly growing field of research that actively influences and inhibits the growth of bacteria/cancer. Noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) such as silver, copper, and gold have been used to damage bacterial and cancer growth over recent years; however, the toxicity of higher NPs concentrations remains a major issue. The copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) were therefore fabricated using a simple green chemistry approach. Biofabricated CuONPs were characterized using UV-visible, FE-SEM with EDS, HR-TEM, FT-IR, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS analysis. Formations of CuONPs have been observed by UV-visible absorbance peak at 360.74 nm. The surface morphology of the CuONPs showed the spherical structure and size (~ 68 nm). The EDS spectrum of CuONPs has proved to be the key signals of copper (Cu) and oxygen (O) components. FT-IR analysis, to validate the important functional biomolecules (O-H, C=C, C-H, C-O) are responsible for reduction and stabilization of CuONPs. The monoclinic end-centered crystalline structures of CuONPs were confirmed with XRD planes. The electrochemical oxygen states of the CuONPs have been studied using spectroscopy of the Raman and X-ray photoelectron. After successful preparation, CuONPs examined their antibacterial, anticancer, and photocatalytic activities. Green-fabricated CuONPs were promising antibacterial candidate against human pathogenic gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CuONPs were demonstrated the excellent anticancer activity against A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line. Furthermore, CuONPs exhibited photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes such as eosin yellow (EY), rhodamine 123 (Rh 123), and methylene blue (MB). Biofabricated CuONPs may therefore be an important biomedical research for the aid of bacterial/cancer diseases and photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes.

Green chemistry route of biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles using Psidium guajava leaf extract and their antibacterial activity and effective removal of industrial dyes

In current scenario, the eco-friendly and non-toxically biosynthesis of cupric oxide is also known as copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) by using Psidium guajava (P. guajava) leaf extract to potential valuable in the wastewater treatment as well as biomedical application. To this unique technology for biosynthesis of CuO NPs was utilizing phytocompounds from aqueous plant extract during the reaction mixture, which possessed natural bio-compounds to act as stabilizing, capping and reducing agent of CuO NPs. In the present investigation, biosynthesized CuO NPs and their physicochemical properties were analyzed by using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV) was initially to be identified formation of CuO NPs the characteristic peak at 265 nm. Furthermore, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis to be confirmed functional groups of biosynthesized CuO NPs the absorption range of 624–870 cm‐1 and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) study was performed to determine the monoclinic crystalline structure of the CuO NPs. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) with Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern to analyzed for the identification of particles surface morphology showed oval and platelets and sizes range from 40 to 150 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum to confirmed quantitative evaluation of Cu and O elements in the prepared samples. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) to determined average particles size of CuO NPs 153 nm. The prepared CuO NPs was observed highest anti-bactericidal activity against Gram negative (G−) bacteria of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and then compared to Gram positive (G+) bacteria of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis to be confirmed using agar well diffusion, and their NPs interaction on the bacterial membrane to be confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) to visualized live/dead bacterial cells. In addition to be performed the biosynthesized CuO NPs has potential industrial dye removal of congo red (CR) and methylene blue (MB) under the sunlight irradiation.

English

In this work, a tungsten oxide nanoparticle was developed with a simple method, using tungsten powder. The orthorhombic, hexagonal and monoclinic crystalline structures obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The coupling of these tungsten oxide nano particles with hydrogen peroxide is carried out on methyl orange removal from wastewater. The use of Hydrated orthorhombic particles showed the highest removal rate up to 89.7% comparatively to hexagonal and monoclinic crystalline structures respectively. The reusability of these particles showed a good stability with monoclinic crystalline structure after four cycles. Key words: Dyes, Tungsten Oxide, Catalysis, H2O2.we &nbsp