Monomode Fiber Research Articles

Exploration of different multi-peak solitons and vibrant breather type waves’ solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with advanced dispersion and cubic–quintic nonlinearity, unveiling their applications

Abstract The nonlinear Schrödinger equations (NLSEs) of higher order illustrate the transmission of extremely short light pulses in fiber optics. In this manuscript, we employ the two-variable (1/G, G′/G)-expansion technique to construct bright and multi-peak solitons, periodic multi-solitons, breather type solitary waves, periodic peakon solitons, and other wave solutions of higher-order NLSE in mono-mode optical fiber and generalized NLSE with cubic–quintic nonlinearity. The two-variable (1/G, G′/G)-expansion method is a generalization of the (G′/G)-expansion method, offering a more robust mathematical tool for solving various nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) in mathematical physics. We also analyze the characteristics of waves conducive to the formation of bright–dark and other soliton forms within this medium. Additionally, we provide graphical representations of the obtained results to visually depict the dynamical models under consideration. Our findings highlight the potency, reliability, and versatility of the proposed technique, which holds promise for solving a wide array of similar models encountered in applied sciences and engineering.

Analyzing optical solitary waves in Fokas system equation insight mono-mode optical fibres with generalized dynamical evaluation

Analyzing optical solitary waves in Fokas system equation insight mono-mode optical fibres with generalized dynamical evaluation

Abundant optical soliton solutions for the stochastic fractional fokas system using bifurcation analysis

In this study, the stochastic fractional Fokas system (SFFS) with M-truncated derivatives is considered. A certain wave transformation is applied to convert this system to a one-dimensional conservative Hamiltonian system. Based on the qualitative theory of dynamical systems, the bifurcation and phase portrait are examined. Utilizing the conserved quantity, we construct some new traveling wave solutions for the SFFS. Due to the fact that the Fokas system is used to explain nonlinear pulse transmission in mono-mode optical fibers, the given solutions may be applied to analyze an extensive variety of crucial physical phenomena. To clarify the effects of the M-truncated derivative and Wiener process, the dynamic behaviors of the various obtained solutions are depicted with 3-D and 2-D curves.

Exclusive soliton solutions arise in mono-mode optical fibre connecting to nonlinear Fokas system

Nonlinear partial evolution equations are mostly significant to illustrate critical phenomena in wave theory concerning real-world problems. The current study deals with the (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear Fokas model depicting the nonlinear pulse through the mono-mode optical fibers. Improved auxiliary equation and improved tanh schemes are executed on the considering governing system. Subsequently, a variety of optical soliton solutions with the nature of dynamic nonlinear waves are made accessible throughout the present exploration. Some of constructed solutions are figured out in 3D, 2D and contour sense for the visualization to the readers for making them understand of the characteristics of dynamic waves. The solitons are visible to be bright, dark, kink, anti-kink, singular kink, periodic, compacton, anti-compacton etc. in the current exploration. Involved free parameters are assigned with various numerical values and brought out the effects of nonlinear pulses in wave propagation along mono-mode optical fibers. The entire work might claim to be recorded in the literature as new aspects of research.

The effect of misalignment on the coupling optics involving laser diode and single-mode triangular index fiber with an upside down tapered hyperbolic microlens on its tip

Abstract This article contains theoretical investigation of the performance of the coupler comprising laser diode and mono-mode circular core triangular index fiber (TIF), which contains on its tip an upside down tapered hyperbolic microlens (UDTHM). Here, we take care of probable angular and transverse mismatches. In our derivation, we use the refractive index distribution in the tapering area, the ray equation, and the relation involving refraction by hyperbolic microlens. We report analytical formulation of coupling efficiencies in the presence of specified types of misalignments using a relevant ABCD refraction matrix for a UDTHM in the vertical plane. In the fields of lasers and fibers, we use Gaussian field distribution in our analysis. Our research is based on two widely employed wavelengths, 1.3 µm and 1.5 µm. In this study, we used three TIF with V numbers of 4.380, 3.511, and 1.924, respectively. Little computation is required to execute the prescribed formulations. This study surfaces the sensitivity of the coupler in presence of the aforementioned types of offsets. The found results will prove valuable to manufacturers working in the domain of UDTHM.

Optical solitons and other wave solutions to fractional-order nonlinear Sasa–Satsuma equation in mono-mode optical fibers using IM extended tanh function method

Optical solitons and other wave solutions to fractional-order nonlinear Sasa–Satsuma equation in mono-mode optical fibers using IM extended tanh function method

Novel optical waves for the perturbed nonlinear Chen-Lee-Liu equation with variable coefficients using two different similarity techniques

In this paper, a new extension of the perturbed nonlinear Chen-Lee-Liu equation as a variable coefficients model represents optical pulse propagation in a monomode fiber is studied. The direct similarity reduction method is used to transform the Chen-Lee-Liu model with variable coefficients to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation and the Jacobi elliptic expansion method is used to solve the reduced equation and as a result, novel optical solitons, periodic, and singular waves have arisen. Then, to prove the physical existence and importance of the presented variable coefficients Chen-Lee-Liu model, another similarity technique is used to transform the Chen-Lee-Liu model to the generalized derivative Schrödinger equation which has known bright and dark soliton solutions. Finally, a graphical representation of the obtained wave solutions according to different structures of the variable coefficients is presented.

Bright Solitons, dark solitons and periodic wave solutions of Chen–Lee–Liu model

Chen–Lee–Liu (CLL) equation has many applications in optical fibers as well as in plasma physics. It describes the propagation of optical pulse in the monomode fiber. CLL equation is a modification of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. In this paper, the nonlinear CLL is explored using generalized projective Riccati equation method and two variable [Formula: see text]-expansion method. Consequently, many new solitary wave solutions are achieved in a unique way. These solutions include dark solitons, bright solitons and periodic wave solutions which describe the related physical phenomena. In the end, these solutions are presented in the form of 3D and 2D plots in order to elaborate the wave structure corresponding to the obtained solutions.

Effects of the higher-order dispersion on solitary waves and modulation instability in a monomode fiber

In this paper, we investigate the modulation instability and the dynamics of solitary waves in a higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We use a powerful and robust method known as the modified sub-equation method to secure the solitary waves and other numerous solutions to this nonlinear model. Several constraint conditions that guarantee the existence of these solutions are highlighted. Utilizing a linearizing technique, we establish the modulation instability gain. The influence of the higher nonlinear component on the modulation instability is also discussed. Furthermore, we perform the numerical simulations of this model by using the split-step Fourier method. Finally, several solutions are shown in two and three dimensions to better explain the behavior of the considered model. The two-dimensional plots depict Peregrine soliton under the influence of the nonlinear dispersion term. These graphs are useful for understanding the dynamic properties of the obtained results.

Dynamical characterization of the wave’s propagation of optical pulses in monomode fibers

This study investigates some novel solitary wave solutions of the perturbed Chen–Lee–Liu ([Formula: see text]) equation to explain the physical and dynamic behavior of the pulse in optical fiber. The perturbed [Formula: see text] equation is one of the icon models that have been derived from the well-known Schrödinger equation. Two analytical techniques are used to obtain novel solitary wave solutions. Then, using a well-known numerical scheme, these solutions are looked at objectively to figure out why they work. Several graphs in different styles are used to show how the pulse waves in an optical fiber are analyzed and how accurate the analysis is. The scientific novelty of this research is given by explaining the comparison figure out of our results that have been published in some recently published research papers.

Vibration monitoring of optical fiber composited in overhead transmission line using φ-OTDR

In order to evaluate the vibration state of the overhead line, the φ-OTDR (phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry) is applied to the vibration monitoring for the optical fiber composited in overhead transmission line. The principle of φ-OTDR and the IQ demodulation algorithm is introduced. Common mono-mode dark optical fiber simulates the optical fiber composited in an overhead line. The sinusoidal vibration is applied to the optical fiber using an arbitrary waveform generator and piezoelectric ceramic transducer (PZT). The vibration status in the optical fiber is measured by optical fiber vibration monitoring system using φ-OTDR. The result reveals that this system can demodulate the vibration applied to the optical fiber. This paper provides a reference for vibration monitoring optical fiber composite overhead lines.

New solitary waves, bifurcation and chaotic patterns of Fokas system arising in monomode fiber communication system

In this research, the model under consideration is the Fokas system that simulates the dynamics of wave through single mode fiber optics. Dark, bright, kink and periodic optical solitons are yielded using Painlevé approach and semi-inverse variational principle. The constraint conditions for the existence of the solutions also merge during the derivation. The obtained solutions are discussed to depict and support theoretical outcomes through the phase portraits. Further, we have applied the idea of bifurcation and chaos theories to get a better understanding of the planar dynamical system obtained from the studied system. The chaotic solutions for the perturbed dynamical system are also obtained and displayed through graphs. The sensitivity analysis of the model is also investigated, and the results show that the given model is not highly sensitive and is stable. These unique ideas employ symbolic computations to provide dynamical as well as potent mathematical tool related to tackling diverse benign nonlinear wave problems. The dynamics analysis method and numerical results are meaningful and helpful to further study on the reliability control of Fokas system.

Analysis of splitting ratio of a symmetric directional coupler fabricated with triangular-index fibers in nonlinear condition-a design perspective

We report here one of the significant performance parameters of a 2 × 2 symmetric directional coupler, the splitting ratio, in the nonlinear conditions considering the coupler fabricated with two similar mono-mode triangular index fibers. Different sets of physical aspects like V-number, core-radius of the fibers used, core-to-core distance of separation between the fibers in coupler structure, operating wavelength, index of refraction of the core have been considered for evaluating the splitting ratio at different lengths of fused fiber coupler. This analytical exercise is an effort for extending an indication to the optical device design engineers. This has been worked out involving the reliable mathematical instrument, the Chebyshev technique. The change of behavior of the splitting ratio in different linear and nonlinear conditions and with different physical parameters has been studied rigorously. Our theoretical analysis goes superbly with that derived using the complicated and lengthy finite element technique. This exercise needs modest computation. Hence, this report on splitting ratio analysis of 2 × 2 symmetric directional coupler composed of two mono-mode triangular- index fibers will prove its feasibility as a ready reference in the area of nonlinear photonic design engineering.

Evaluation of Explosive Emission Carbon Fiber Cathodes for High-Power Microwave Devices

Most high-power microwave (HPM) sources, such as the magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO) being developed at Texas Tech, utilize cold cathodes that generate electrons via explosive emission. Highly emissive cathodes such as the presented can generate current densities and currents greater than 1 kA/cm 2 and 10 kA, respectively, which are required for devices that can output radio frequency (RF) power greater than 100 MW. Typically, these cathodes are made of materials such as metal, silk or synthetic velvet, carbon fiber, and cesium iodine (CsI)-coated carbon fiber. In order to optimize the MILO performance, we fabricated carbon fiber velvet cathodes and compare their performance with other commercially available carbon fiber cathodes. Fabrication was done on a manual, mechanical loom using commercially available carbon fiber thread. Four carbon fiber cathodes were tested: in-house fabricated monomodal carbon fiber velvet, in-house fabricated bimodal carbon fiber velvet, in-house fabricated carbon fiber plain weave cloth, and bimodal carbon fiber velvet manufactured by ESLI Inc. Testing was performed in a vacuum chamber with variable AK gap in the high vacuum range (10−7 torr). High-speed optical imaging was performed in order to determine the uniformity of the generated plasma as well as the e-beam. Voltage and current measurements were performed to determine diode impedance and perveance.

New solitary wave patterns of Fokas-System arising in monomode fiber communication systems

New solitary wave patterns of Fokas-System arising in monomode fiber communication systems

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of high-order nonlinear time–space fractional Schrödinger equation in mono-mode optical fibres

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of high-order nonlinear time–space fractional Schrödinger equation in mono-mode optical fibres

On the traveling wave solutions of pulse propagation in monomode fiber via the extended Kudryashov’s approach

In this research paper, we tackle with the solitary wave solutions to the pulse prop?agation in monomode optic fiber by defining non-linear Schrodinger equation with higher order. We applied the extended Kudryashov?s method with Bernoulli-Riccati equation and successfully gained soliton solutions and their contour, 2-D and 3-D graphical representations, such as dark, singular, periodic and kink type solutions. We also discussed the obtained results in the related section.

Fractional Propagation of Short Light Pulses in Monomode Optical Fibers: Comparison of Beta Derivative and Truncated M-Fractional Derivative

Abstract This study is dedicated to the computation and analysis of solitonic structures of a nonlinear Sasa–Satsuma equation that comes in handy to understand the propagation of short light pulses in the monomode fiber optics with the aid of beta derivative and truncated M- fractional derivative. We employ a new direct algebraic technique for the nonlinear Sasa–Satsuma equation to derive novel soliton solutions. A variety of soliton solutions are retrieved in trigonometric, hyperbolic, exponential, rational forms. The vast majority of obtained solutions represent the lead of this method on other techniques. The prime advantage of the considered technique over the other techniques is that it provides more diverse solutions with some free parameters. Moreover, the fractional behavior of the obtained solutions is analyzed thoroughly by using two and three-dimensional graphs. This shows that for lower fractional orders, i.e., β=0.1, the magnitude of truncated M-fractional derivative is greater whereas for increasing fractional orders, i.e., β=0.7 and β=0.99, the magnitude remains the same for both definitions except for a phase shift in some spatial domain that eventually vanishes and two curves coincide.

On the construction of the general solution of the Fokas–Lenells equation

In this communication we consider the Fokas–Lenells equation which describes the propagation of the nonlinear optical pulses in mono mode fibers when higher-order nonlinear effects are taken into consideration. Based on the traveling wave ansatz, we construct the general solution for the envelope of the wave packet in terms of the Jacobi elliptic sine function. The special case of solitary wave solutions is shown to emerge when the arbitrary constant in the general solution is set to zero. Analytical forms of the solutions are studied for different values of parameters and qualitative features of the solutions are also described.

Periodic solutions from Lie symmetries for the generalized Chen–Lee–Liu equation

The nonlinear generalized Chen-Lee-Liu 1+1 evolution equation which describes the propagation of an optical pulse inside a monomode fiber is studied by using the method of Lie symmetries and the singularity analysis. Specifically, we determine the Lie point symmetries of the Chen-Lee-Liu equation and we reduce the equation by using the Lie invariants in order to determine similarity solutions. The solutions that we found have periodic behaviour and describe optical solitons. Furthermore, the singularity analysis is applied in order to write algebraic solutions of the Chen-Lee-Liu with the use of Laurent expansions. The latter analysis support the result for the existence of periodic behaviour of the solutions.