Monitoring Project Research Articles

Nature reserves (zapovedniks) in the Volga catchment: protection, research and management

AbstractIn the Russian Federation, the protection category “Zapovednik” represents a strictly protected area, where the access is restricted and the aim is to keep the area “forever wild”. We provide an overview about the organization of these nature reserves and highlight their contribution to fundamental research. Aquatic ecosystems in zapovedniks provide pristine sites of great importance for long-term monitoring and research, which fosters process understanding regarding interannual variability and development of aquatic coenosis. We present a long term monitoring and research project about abiotic and biotic parameters in the Central Forest State Nature Biosphere Reserve. Examples from the Privolzhskaya Lesostep Nature Reserve include monitoring of invasive fish as well as analyses about the influence of beavers on fish. The Astrakhan Biosphere Nature Reserve in the Volga delta is a hotspot for fish biodiversity; thus, there the state nature reserve security service plays an important role to avoid poaching. Our case studies from the Volga Basin exemplify the structure and function of nature reserves and highlight their contribution to research, protection and management of aquatic ecosystems. Long-term datasets from the zapovedniks can (i) improve process understanding, (ii) ensure protection of aquatic systems and sustainable water management and (iii) support knowledge-based decisions.

Project Management Practices and Implementation of Donor Funded Water and Sanitation Projects in Central Rift Region, Kenya

The general objective of this study was to establish the influence of project management practices on implementation of donor funded water and sanitation projects in the Central Rift region, Kenya. The study specifically sought to establish the influence of stakeholder involvement, project team training, monitoring and evaluation and risk management on implementation of donor funded water and sanitation projects in the Central Rift region, Kenya. The study was anchored on four theories, namely; stakeholder theory, team theory, dynamic capabilities theory and the theory of resilience. For purposes of this study, a descriptive survey design was employed. The target population were all 160 project members comprising project managers, consultants, project implementation teams and task managers from donor agencies in 16 donor funded water and sanitation projects in the central rift region. Using statistical formulae, a sample of 62 elements was obtained. Purposive sampling was then used in targeting the said staff in each of the donor funded water and sanitation projects. This study used questionnaires in collecting data from the target group. Pilot-test was conducted to check the reliability of the instruments used for data collection. Data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. The study revealed that when all the variables for project management practices, stakeholder involvement, project team training, project evaluation and risk management, were multi regressed against the dependent variable, project implementation, there was an observable model of good fit at 99.6% hence, a good predicator of project implementation if cumulatively practiced. The study further found that stakeholder involvement is a significant predicator (p=0.046<.05) of project implementation in donor funded water and sanitation projects in the Central Rift region, Kenya. Further, the study established that project team training is an insignificant positive predicator (p=0.800 >.05) of project implementation. Project evaluation is a significant predictor (p=0.024<.05) of project implementation and role risk management was found to be a significant predictor (p= 0.21 <05) project implementation. Regression analysis revealed that risk management variable (β = 7.633) has the greatest influence, followed by stakeholder engagement variable (β = 1.192) then followed by evaluation variable (β = 0.116) and lastly project team training variable (β = -0.672).Therefore, the study recommended that, project implementation teams for donor funded water and sanitation projects in Kenya should emphasize more on project risk management as it has the most significant influence on project implementation. The study recommends that the donors of the water projects should sustain, project team training, as much it does not significantly influence project implementation, but it contributes significantly to the overall model fit. The findings of this study will be significant to the government since it aims to stimulate economic growth through attaining value for money for funds sourced from donors. The study will also provide opportunities for project managers to identify key project management practices and how they influence implementation of donor funded water and sanitation projects.

Ecology and diversity of mosquito larvae in ponds and lagoons of Northwestern Spain.

Galicia, located in the northwestern part of Spain,has a great number and variety of aquatic ecosystems where mosquitoes can breed. Despite the sanitary relevance of these insects, studies on mosquito populations in the region are still scarce. The field research was carried out in 48 sampling points (27 continental lagoons, 12 coastal lagoons and 9 temporary ponds) throughout the entire Galician territory. The samples were collected intermittently and seasonally through different water quality monitoring projects between 2001 and 2017. More than 1500 mosquito larvae belonging to 10 species of five genera (Aedes, Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Culex and Culiseta) were identified. Anopheles (Anopheles) maculipennis s.l. Meigen was the most widely distributed species in the study, being especially dominant in rural areas. In contrast, Culex (Culex) pipiens Linnaeus and Culex (Culex) theileri Theobald showed a preference for breeding in urban areas. New contributions to the knowledge about the larval ecology and distribution of these mosquito species are made throughout this study, including information about the tolerance of each species to water parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and conductivity). Likewise, the relationship between culicid diversity and the habitat characteristics of the breeding sites (water body type, climate and level of anthropization) is discussed.

Leveraging large soil spectral libraries for sensor-agnostic field condition predictions of several agronomically important soil properties

Global pressures to improve soil organic carbon sequestration and soil health in general amongst the world’s agricultural soils are creating a demand for improved practice to drive positive and sustainable changes in the natural capital of soils. Incentive programs aimed to promote this must be informed by accurate observations of the state of soils, both temporally and spatially. Soil spectral inference is a useful method for capturing the state of soils cost-effectively, but the price of standard laboratory grade visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) sensors can limit its application. Further, the acquisition of spectra by these laboratory grade sensors is performed primarily in air-dried and ground condition, adding a time lag to information retrieval. Recently, low-cost, portable miniaturised near-infrafred (NIR) spectrometers have become available and have shown to be a viable alternative for the measurement of several agronomically important soil properties, which are also vital to the maintenance of soil health, including soil organic carbon (SOC), and cation exchange capacity (CEC). However, the implementation of new spectrometers, to new locations requires the creation of new spectral libraries, an expensive and labour-intensive process requiring large amounts of soil analytical and spectral data gathering. Thus, existing, laboratory grade Vis-NIR spectral libraries present a high-quality and high-resolution resource to leverage. This work demonstrates how existing spectral library resources can be accessed with cheaper, portable miniaturised NIR spectrometers with appropriate spectral filtering, and appropriate transformation matrices. In addition, the work shows that by correcting for the influences of spectral differences between soils scanned in field condition, and those prepared for analysis in the laboratory, greater uptake of spectral inference as a tool to evaluate the state of soils can be enabled. This work also demonstrates how large existing laboratory grade spectral libraries such as the CSIRO national Australian Vis-NIR soil spectral library can be queried and using memory-based learning or similar methods, such as RS-Local, and the most appropriate samples may be identified to be used for the prediction of soil properties. This work builds off an existing framework for the use of soil spectral inference for monitoring the state of soil, the Australian 2021 Soil Organic Carbon Credits Methodology Determination. Methods are demonstrated for the prediction of nine agronomically important soil properties, SOC, pH in water, pH in CaCl2, electrical conductivity, CEC, and exchangeable Ca, K, Mg and Na. For SOC a model using only 20 local samples was produced in this work with a Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (LCCC) of 0.72, surpassing both the minimum requirement under the carbon credits methodology determination (LCCC 0.6), and a 50 sample local only model (LCCC 0.61). This example demonstrates that a significant further potential cost saving in laboratory analysis across soil monitoring projects can be achieved through selectively leveraging a large spectral library resource.

Project Tracker

A digital application called a project management platform aids teams in planning and monitoring their projects, tasks, and resources. It has features like project planning, task delegation, tracking and reporting, and collaboration tools to make teamwork easier. Large-scale projects need effective management and technical assistance to be successful. Organizing and managing team projects online with a project management software creates a virtual meeting room for team members, project managers, and clients. It provides a selection of strong features and tools that are intended to make project planning, execution, and monitoring easier. Employing such a platform enables businesses to improve productivity, boost project success rates, and ultimately accomplish their objectives more quickly

Changes in Intrapersonal Factors of Participants in the Pregnancy Remote Monitoring Study Who Are at Risk for Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension: Descriptive Quantitative Study.

The peripartum period, defined as the period from the beginning of the gestation until 1 year after the delivery, has long been shown to be potentially associated with increased levels of stress and anxiety with regard to one's transition to the status of parent and the accompanying parental tasks. Yet, no research to date has investigated changes in intrapersonal factors during the peripartum period in women at risk for pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). The aim of this study is to explore and describe changes in intrapersonal factors in participants at risk for PIH. We used an explorative design in which 3 questionnaires were sent by email to 110 participants the day following enrollment in the Pregnancy Remote Monitoring program for pregnant women at risk for PIH. Women were invited to complete the questionnaires at the beginning of their participation in the Pregnancy Remote Monitoring project (mostly at 14 weeks of gestation) and after approaching 32 weeks of gestational age (GA). The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were used to assess anxiety and depression, and adaptation of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale was used to measure trait pain catastrophizing. Scores were significantly higher at 32 weeks of GA than at the moment of enrollment (GAD-7 score=7, range 4-11 vs 5, range 3-8; P=.01; and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score=6, range 4-10 vs 4, range 2-7; P<.001). The subscale scores of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale were all lower at 32 weeks of GA compared with 14 weeks of GA (rumination: 4, range 1-6 vs 5, range 2-9.5; P=.11; magnification: 3, range 1-5.5 vs 4, range 3-7; P=.04; and helplessness: 5, range 2-9 vs 6, range 3.5-12; P=.06). The proportion of women with a risk for depression (GAD-7 score >10) was 13.3% (10/75) at enrollment and had increased to 35.6% (26/75) at 32 weeks of GA. This study shows that pregnant women at risk for PIH have higher levels of stress and anxiety at 32 weeks of GA than at the moment of enrollment. Further research is recommended to investigate potential strategies to help pregnant women at risk for PIH manage feelings of stress and anxiety. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03246737; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03246737.

Enhancing Software Project Monitoring with Multidimensional Data Repository Mining

Software project development and maintenance activities have been reported in various repositories. The data contained in these repositories have been widely used in various studies on specific problems, e.g., predicting bug appearance, allocating issues to developers, and identifying duplicated issues. Developed analysis schemes are usually based on simplified data models while issue report details are neglected. Confronting this problem requires a deep and wide-ranging exploration of software repository contents adapted to their specificities, which differs significantly from classical data mining. This paper is targeted at three aspects: the structural and semantic exploration of repositories, deriving characteristic features in value and time perspectives, and defining the space of project monitoring goals. The considerations presented demonstrate a holistic image of the project development process, which is useful in the assessment of its efficiency and identification of imperfections. The original analysis introduced in this work was verified using open source and some commercial software project repositories.

There and Back Again—The Igatu Hotspot Siliciclastic Caves: Expanding the Data for Subterranean Fauna in Brazil, Chapada Diamantina Region

The caves of Igatu, municipality of Andaraí, belonging to the region known as Chapada Diamantina represent a new hotspot of subterranean fauna. These caves are siliciclastic, which are sedimentary rocks where silica predominates, such as sandstones and (following metamorphism) quartzites, which makes them even more relevant from the point of view of subterranean diversity. For five caves, which we named Igatu Cave System (ICS), thirty-seven obligate cave species were found, of which thirty-five were troglobitic and two were stygobitic. The troglobitic taxa for ICS belong to three phyla, nine classes, 18 orders, and 32 families, representing a high phylogenetic diversity. Some taxa were, for the first time, reported as troglobitic in Brazil and even worldwide, such as Acari and scutigeromorphans (Chilopoda). We started the studies in 2009 and continue trough long-term monitoring projects. Some threats, severe in the past, such as “garimpo’’ (illegal small-scale artisanal mining) continue nowadays in an incipient way; however, the urban expansion due to the touristic appeal is also considered a threat. Our data ranked ICS as the Brazilian hotspot with the highest number of troglobitic/stygobitic species.

Re-Scheduling IoT Services in Edge Networks

With the explosive growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices deployed in edge networks, the functionalities of IoT devices are typically encapsulated as IoT services, and user requests can be achieved through the composition of data and/or computation-intensive IoT services. Considering the prediction-uncertainty of forthcoming requests, certain IoT services may (i) not be hosted currently by appropriate IoT devices, or (ii) such an IoT service exists, but its non-functional properties may hardly be satisfied with respect to certain constraints prescribed by requests. To address this challenge, this paper proposes an efficiency-aware service Migration Scheduling (denoted eMS) mechanism in edge networks, in order to migrate IoT services on-demand, and thus, to optimally settle non-satisfiable constraints. Specifically, IoT services are re-scheduled, such that certain IoT services are migrated from their hosting IoT devices to neighboring ones, while minimizing the energy consumption and average delay caused by this service re-scheduling operation. We formulate this service re-scheduling as a multi-objective and multi-constraint optimization problem, which is solved through integrating the greedy algorithm into the fast non-dominated sorting and crowded-comparison operators as the hybrid genetic algorithm (G-NSGA-II). Based on real-life datasets provided by an oil pipeline monitoring project, extensive experiments are conducted, and evaluation results show that our eMS is promising in reducing the energy consumption and average delay of service re-scheduling in comparison with the state-of-art’s techniques.

Spatial agency practice in Tai O Village: colonial legacies and spatial-architectural approaches to collaborative urban futures

This paper discusses spatial agency practice within a living lab in Hong Kong. Lab members work in Tai O Village, a historic fishing settlement receiving increased attention due to remnant vernacular housing there. The article presents historical and policy context for ongoing casework conducted with stakeholders in Tai O. It presents Tai O’s history in brief, recent policy developments, and inherent conflicts arising from the interaction of the two. The third section of the article describes informal settlement land tenure conflicts as historical phenomena in Hong Kong. The paper follows this case-specific discussion with global literature review of selected regularisation and settlement upgrading efforts from around the world. These reviews present the article’s thesis that third sector and design-led efforts are critically applicable methods to address informal settlement conflicts that remain due to colonial legacy policies and political inertia. The final section of the article presents ongoing living lab research and initiatives, including collaborative monitoring projects and strategic development proposals. Each living lab initiative presented elaborates the article’s thesis on the interaction between architecture, research, and governance to negotiate complex development transitions. The article contributes to architectural scholarship by summarising unique interactions between history, policy, economics, and demography that engendered the development situation in Tai O. Further, it reflects upon response development methods through architectural science and spatial agency practice, including the role of architectural representation products and discursive distinctions at boundaries between architectural practice and spatial agency practice.

Study on the Analysis of Pile Foundation Deformation and Control Methods during the Excavation of Deep and Thick Sludge Pits

This study aims to apply performance-based safety-assessment methods to the monitoring and numerical simulation of excavation engineering projects in order to comprehensively enhance engineering risk management and decision support. In this paper, a deep excavation project in Hefei with thick silty clay layers was studied. The analysis included the surface settlement, the deformation of support structures, the vertical and horizontal displacements of pile tops, axial forces in steel braces, settlement, and the horizontal displacement of a gravity retaining wall on the south side of the excavation using field-monitoring data. A refined three-dimensional finite element model was established to further analyze the distribution of uplift displacement at the bottom of the excavation, horizontal displacement, and bending moments of piles based on simulation results. The research findings indicate that phased excavation can reduce the spatial extent of disturbance to the surrounding soil caused by excavation. Additionally, the closer the location to the excavation and the thicker the underlying silty clay layer, the faster the rate of settlement change and the greater the surface settlement. The spatial structure formed by steel braces and pile foundations effectively reduced the horizontal displacement of the engineering piles. The study’s use of field monitoring and finite element simulation provided valuable insights into the deformation of support structures and the response of the surrounding soil to excavation, confirming the rationality and applicability of the support structure in this paper. The proposed method can serve as a reference for similar complex stratum excavation design and construction. The performance-based safety assessment is introduced, and the monitoring data, numerical simulation results, and performance targets are comprehensively analyzed to provide a reliable scientific basis for engineering decision making.

The African origin of public policy, programme and project monitoring and evaluation (M&amp;E) practices

The literature has robust contestation about the origin of public policy, programme and project monitoring and evaluation (M&amp;E). Cloete (2016) argues that public policy, programme and project M&amp;E originated in Europe and America and was introduced in Africa by colonisers who divided the African continent among themselves in the early 1880s. Cloete (2016) does not explain why there was no public policy, programme or project M&amp;E in Africa or any other non-western part of the world before the arrival of western colonisers. Mouton (2010) also argues that M&amp;E was introduced in Africa by international development organisations and financial organisations in the 1980s. According to Mouton (2010), these western development organisations and financial institutions introduced M&amp;E to the African continent as a condition for accessing foreign aid and as a funding requirement for the projects these institutions were funding. Neither Mouton (2010) nor Cloete (2016) accounts for ample literature which demonstrates that M&amp;E practices existed in Africa (and in China) thousands of years before the arrival of the international development organisation and international financial organisations in these parts of the world. This paper uses the Secondary Data Analysis (Archival Study) approach to provide a systematic and chronological analysis of the available literature to trace the genesis of public policy, programme and project M&amp;E as a practice. The findings in this paper indicate that M&amp;E could potentially have become a practice in African countries such as Egypt and Asian countries such as China long before it was a practice in the U.S. and European countries. However, evidence suggests that academics and practitioners in the U.S. and European countries could have compiled the first recorded theoretical academic content about M&amp;E models and approaches currently being used to train people who want to take up a career or profession in M&amp;E.

Predictors of Viral Suppression Among People Living with HIV in Rural Oregon.

With recent outbreaks of HIV in rural areas of the United States, it has become increasingly important to understand the factors affecting health outcomes of people with HIV living in rural areas. We assessed predictors of durable HIV viral suppression among rural participants using a pooled 7-year dataset from the Medical Monitoring Project (MMP), a cross-sectional, representative sample of individuals receiving HIV medical care in Oregon. Only 77.3% of rural participants achieved durable HIV viral suppression, while 22.7% had at least one detectable HIV viral load measurement within the past 12months. The primary predictors of viral suppression were ARV adherence, poverty, and reported heavy drinking in the past 30days. These results highlight the influence of social factors on health outcomes for persons with HIV living in rural areas and inform areas for policy and program change.

Integrating resource oriented sanitation technologies with urban agriculture in developing countries: measuring the governance capacity of Arba Minch City, Ethiopia

This research study aims to assess the capacity of Arba Minch City to adopt resource-oriented sanitation technology and integrate it with urban agriculture. The overarching goal is to promote sustainable urban development by not only using resources efficiently but also recovering resources from urban waste streams. To measure the city's governance capacity, the study employs a Governance Capability Framework (GCF), which identifies nine conditions and three indicators for each condition across three dimensions: knowing, wanting, and enabling. The framework helps assess the city's capacity for governance throughout the integration of urban agriculture with ecological sanitation (ecosan) technology. The research employs a triangle strategy, which consists of desk research, gray and scientific literature review, and a semi-structured interview with 27 indicators. By employing these strategies, the research evaluates Arba Minch's governance capacity to implement ecological sanitation integration with urban agriculture. The findings of the study show that Arba Minch City's governance capacity to integrate ecosan with urban farming is affected by several factors. These factors include a lack of systematic monitoring and evaluation of previous projects, fragmentation of policy tools to govern the integration of the system, and a lack of adequate public sector participation. Additionally, there is no government body responsible for integrating the system, and various non-governmental organizations play a significant role in financing, organizing, and implementing the system. On the user side, the study reveals a behavioral gap in adapting to resource-oriented sanitation technology and recovered organic fertilizer. The findings suggest that long-term system management requires a strong, active, and well-trained community group capable of taking on the role and responsibility of running similar projects. Furthermore, to mitigate the policy fragmentation challenge, policy harmonization and integration among actors to negotiate, deliberate, and agree on measures to be taken are critical. In conclusion, the study suggests that similar project developers should investigate the factors that motivate users of new technology and influence their behavioral changes. Ultimately, the study recommends a more comprehensive approach to resource-oriented sanitation technology and urban agriculture integration that takes into account governance capacity and community engagement.

Understanding Disparities in Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and Sustained Viral Suppression Among Black, Hispanic/Latina, and White Women in the United States - Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2015-2019.

Racial and ethnic disparities in antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and sustained viral suppression (SVS) have been documented among women with HIV. We examined factors that may account for these racial/ethnic differences among women to inform interventions that increase health equity. We used data from the 2015-2019 cycles of the Medical Monitoring Project, a probability sample of U.S. adults with diagnosed HIV. Using logistic regression with predicted marginal means, we calculated weighted prevalence differences (PDs) of ART adherence and SVS among Black, Hispanic/Latina, and White women taking ART. Using modeling with forward stepwise selection, we adjusted PDs for selected variables, including social and structural determinants of health (SDOH) factors, to examine whether magnitude of PDs was attenuated by their inclusion. We assessed relative changes between unadjusted and adjusted PDs. After adjusting for poverty, transportation needs, health literacy, and gap in health insurance/coverage, the Black-White PD in adherence decreased by 11% (-16.0% to -14.2%). After adjusting for adherence, poverty, type of health insurance, and gap in health insurance/coverage, the Black-White PD in SVS reduced 37% (-7.9% to -5.0%) and was no longer statistically different. The Hispanic/Latina-White PD in adherence reduced 24% (-12.7% to -9.6%) after adjusting for poverty, health literacy, and transportation needs. The unadjusted Hispanic/Latina-White PD in SVS was not significantly different. Racial/ethnic disparities in HIV outcomes among women taking ART were substantially reduced after accounting for SDOH and other factors although differences remained. Structural interventions to improve SDOH are needed to improve health equity for women with HIV.

Towards Automated Measurement of As-Built Components Using Computer Vision.

Regular inspections during construction work ensure that the completed work aligns with the plans and specifications and that it is within the planned time and budget. This requires frequent physical site observations to independently measure and verify the completion percentage of the construction progress performed over periods of time. The current computer vision techniques for measuring as-built elements predominantly employ three-dimensional laser scanning or three-dimensional photogrammetry modeling to ascertain the geometric properties of as-built elements on construction sites. Both techniques require data acquisition from several positions and angles to generate sufficient information about the element's coordinates, making the deployment of these techniques on dynamic construction project sites challenging. This paper proposes a pipeline for automating the measurement of as-built components using artificial intelligence and computer vision techniques. The pipeline requires a single image obtained with a stereo camera system to measure the sizes of selected objects or as-built components. The results in this work were demonstrated by measuring the sizes of concrete walls and columns. The novelty of this work is attributed to the use of a single image and a single target for developing a fully automated computer vision-based method for measuring any given object. The proposed solution is suitable for use in measuring the sizes of as-built components in built assets. It has the potential to be further developed and integrated with building information modelling applications for use on construction projects for progress monitoring.

Analysis of water quality in Roda D’Água Brook, Uberaba River tributary, MG

Water resources degradation reflexes the environmental crisis caused by both increased anthropic demands and population growth, which lead to changes in consumption habits, pollution generation and lack of basic sanitation. The cost to treat water for public supply and to recover water springs is high, with emphasis on the relevance of preserving and taking care of water-use procedures. The Water Quality Index (WQI), which assesses waterbodies’ contamination, is the monitoring method adopted in Brazil. The aim of the present study is to assess the quality of water in Roda D’Água Brook, Uberaba City, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, based on WQI. It was done to diagnose this brook’s environmental health. To do so, physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters were assessed. Results have shown that the WQI value recorded for the herein assessed brook is too low, and its water was classified as having very poor quality, since its WQI values were lower than 25 – this number is considered dissatisfactory. Thus, although there was no industrial waste in its water, feces discharge from livestock farms close to this waterbody can be blamed for the frame, given the presence of thermo-tolerant coliforms in the assessed water. Therefore, this water must be avoided for human consumption and for leisure activities; moreover, it is recommended to take migratory actions to reduce anthropic impacts, since the brook’s content is used by the municipal government to water plants in the city. Thus, integrating policies associated with the accountable municipal bureaus are suggested and they must aim at guiding companies and local community, based on environmental policies that exceed the simple development and monitoring of projects focused on mitigating these water-spring issues.

Towards a standardised set of data analyses for long-term genetic monitoring of grouse using non-invasive sampling: a case study on western capercaillie

Genetic monitoring has become a popular instrument in the conservation of endangered species, allowing to estimate size and genetic structure of wild populations. Long-term monitoring projects are essential to recognize demographic changes and impact of human activities. Since 2011, an extensive monitoring project on the population size and trends, as well as spatial distribution and survival rates, of two grouse species including the western capercaillie, Tetrao urogallus, has been conducted in Tyrol, in the eastern part of the European Alps, where T. urogallus males are huntable under specific regulations. In this case study, we aimed to compile a set of analyses to be employed in evaluating data from dropping and feather samples for conservation studies. Using eleven microsatellite and two sex markers, we genotyped 251 faeces and feathers of T. urogallus collected in East Tyrol in spring 2019. We analysed population structure and mobility patterns, including sex differences in genetic diversity and mobility. The relationship between habitat parameters and genetic diversity was investigated using multiple linear regressions. We showed that the investigated T. urogallus population is well mixed and likely well connected to neighbouring populations. We also found sex-specific mobility patterns that support female-biased dispersal. As the last step, we demonstrated the general feasibility of a modelling approach using habitat parameters. With this pilot study, further analysis of data is possible for the whole monitoring project, giving a better insight in the grouse populations in Tyrol.

Impact of Implementing the Unification of The IT Section into One Division Using a Change Management Strategy at PT XYZ

ABSTRACT In the era of Industry 4.0, many companies demand to determine a Change Management Strategy in order to maximize capacities and efficiency. Currently, PT XYZ sees existing problems in the IT division, which are not meeting demands as expected and slowing down the whole organization’s development. In accordance with these problems, Project Monitoring methods are proposed to be applied in PT XYZ’s organizational structure as a result of the Change Management Strategy. A Change Management Strategy will be implemented in the IT division using the proposed methods; Kotter’s Model and 7-S Framework followed by the development of a project monitoring application called Dashboard Monitoring. In accordance, with Kotter’s Model’s approach, the creation of two new positions is highly recommended inside the IT division to support its effectiveness. These positions are Project Management Officers and Business Analysts. These two positions are expected to focus more on the process of developing new applications and/or systems. Thus, the 7-S Framework implementation will be supporting the change of Shared &amp; Value from the change in the organizational structure of PT XYZ with the objective of simplifying the process of analyzing and decision-making at the managerial level, especially in terms of deciding to create an application. Furthermore, a Dashboard Monitoring application has been implemented in PT XYZ, resulting in improvements in lead time and productivity throughout multiple IT projects. Objective – Developments in the era of Industry 4.0 make all companies adapt towards digitalization, to determine Change Management Strategies to maximize capacity and efficiency. PT XYZ sees problems in the IT division, where the IT Division cannot meet the demands as expected. Thus, resulting in delays in the development of the organization. Obstacles in processing so many requests in making applications between divisions in the company, developing a product application system is the biggest obstacle faced by PT XYZ. Methodology – The author uses the following Research Methodology; (1) understand the identification of existing problems based on the author's observations and communication with PT XYZ; (2) study the organizational structure: (3) Literature Review; (4) Interviews and observations at PT XYZ. The first stage is interviews with all Vice Presidents from all divisions at PT. XYZ. The second stage is an interview by asking the Chief Executive Officer of the company regarding information related to changes in the IT Division. ; (5) Kotter Framework and 7-S approaches, all of which start with analyzing with Dynamic Capability Theory; (6) Provide recommendations, propose to create a new IT division, then analyze the new organizational structure using the 7-S Framework and produce proposed new values. Findings – The author got information from PT XYZ Top Management, where from the results of this interview a Change Management Strategy is proposed to be implemented in the organizational structure of PT XYZ. The Change Management Strategy will be implemented in the IT division using the proposed method, namely the Kotter Model and the 7-S Framework, which were previously analyzed using the Dynamic Capability approach. Then followed by the development of a project monitoring application called Dashboard Monitoring. Novelty – The author implementing the 7-S Framework to support Shared &amp; Value changes from changes in PT XYZ's organizational structure. Next implement the Kotter Model Strategy which explains 8 Strategies to produce recommendations for changes to PT XYZ's organizational structure, by adding the positions of PMO (Project Management Officer) and BA (Business Analyst). In addition, the Dashboard Monitoring application was also implemented at PT XYZ, resulting in increased lead time and productivity in various IT projects.

Carbon emission reduction accounting method for a CCUS-EOR project

It is difficult to quantify and certify the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction in the entire process of a project of carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS)-enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Under the methodological framework for GHG voluntary emission reduction project, the carbon emission reduction accounting method for CCUS-EOR project was established after examining the accounting boundaries in process links, the baseline emission and project emission accounting methods, and the emission and leakage quantification and prediction models, in order to provide a certification basis for the quantification of GHG emission reduction in the CCUS-EOR project. Based on the data of energy consumption, emission and leakage monitoring of the CCUS-EOR industrial demonstration project in Jilin Oilfield, the net emission reduction efficiency is determined to be about 91.1% at the current storage efficiency of 80%. The accounting and prediction of carbon emission reduction for CCUS-EOR projects with different concentrations and scales indicate that within the project accounting boundary, the certified net emission reduction efficiency of the low-concentration gas source CCUS-EOR projects represented by coal-fired power plants is about 37.1%, and the certified net emission reduction efficiency of the high-concentration gas source CCUS-EOR projects represented by natural gas hydrogen production is about 88.9%. The proposed method is applicable to the carbon emission reduction accounting for CCUS-EOR projects under multiple baseline scenarios during the certification period, which can provide decision-making basis for the planning and deployment of CCUS-EOR projects.