Monitoring Project Research Articles

Analysing the Project Delay Causes and Improving Quality using Multi-Project Strategies

Numerous reasons for project delays from the viewpoints of the client and the contractor have only been somewhat studied. The aim of this paper is to recognize the delays' underlying causes and issues ways to reduce them considering the progress of the project. Consequently, 106 contractor-side experts and 82 client-side experts in project management were the subjects of this study. The clients and contractors gave the same importance to factors like poor communications and governmental approvals in projects that were successful (had a time delay of less than 10%). Similar mitigating techniques including rigorous project monitoring, skill development training, and effective logistics planning were advised. When projects were unsuccessful (with a time delay of more than 10%), they displayed a wide range of behaviours.

Trends, Problems, and Solutions from Point Cloud via Non-Uniform Rational Basis Spline to Building Information Modelling: Bibliometric and Systematic Study

Building Information Modelling (BIM) has found applications not only in the planning and designing of new buildings but also in project monitoring, record-keeping, and analyses of existing structures. In addition to its primary application, information modelling spreads to other areas, developing solutions for their specific uses. This study engaged a mixed-method literature review according to the extent of the pool of knowledge for two research steps between three concepts—from point cloud to NURBS and then from NURBS to BIM. In the first step, the keywords point cloud and NURBS were analysed using scientometric methods. In the second step, a systematic analysis of the content of works obtained with the keywords NURBS and BIM is presented, extracting problems and proposed solutions for information transfer technology. The results of a quantitative analysis identified major trends, (1) research is distributed in interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary areas and historical (heritage) modelling is the highlighted one, (2) development of technologies for object surveying, and (3) the application of data in different engineering fields, while a qualitative analysis points at problems in (1) model building, (2) interoperability, and (3) automatization. Solutions such as mixed models, multi-layered models, a mix of formats, or bridging elements (semantics, proto-model) are proposed.

Prototype Development of Final Year Project Management System to Monitor Student’s Performance

The university requires students to complete a comprehensive software development project in their final year of study in all Information Technology (IT) and Computer Science (CS) programmes, run by the Faculty of Computing & Multimedia (FCOM), Universiti Poly-Tech Malaysia. As the number of students increases by semester, manual procedures for managing student projects become a major issue. Ineffective supervision and monitoring of student progress are more likely to occur as the number of students to supervise per lecturer also increase. This circumstance may contribute to an increase in the number of students who will fail to complete project development within the time frame specified. A log book is currently used to document meetings and discussions between supervisors and students. Although a detailed schedule has been proposed, a monitoring process that triggers specific actions to ensure all deadlines are met is required. The objective of this research is to improve project monitoring and supervision by developing a prototype of a web-based Final Year Project Management System (FYPMS). The initial prototype is built on the dashboard approach concept, where students can see their progress and lecturers can use this centralized system to monitor students' performance. This system’s users are divided into three groups: students, lecturers, and coordinators where they can communicate efficiently and effectively by using this system. By using the FYPMS, the faculty can look forward to better project management, improved supervision, fewer project delays, and a more efficient final year project process.

Enhancing data accuracy and reliability in maternal and child health: MCGL success story

Background: Accurate maternal and child health data are essential for informed decision-making; however, maintaining consistent data quality in postnatal care and live birth records remains a persistent challenge. Since the inception of MCGL, discrepancies within these datasets have compromised the data's quality for decision making. Recognizing this, the need for an effective solution to rectify data integrity issues and enhance reliability became evident. Methods: Mentorship at the facility level was conducted for healthcare staff to ensure a clear understanding of indicators for accurate reporting, focusing on new data elements introduced in the KHIS 2020 revision. In collaboration with health information officers, the project monitoring, evaluation, and learning officer identified sets of indicators, along with closely related proxy indicators, for monitoring. A systematic approach was employed, involving a comparative analysis of primary indicators and corresponding proxy indicators. For instance, if 100 live births were recorded, an expectation of 100 infants receiving postnatal care within 48 hours was anticipated. Regular monthly communication was established with HRIOs to identify and validate discrepancies that emerged during the comparison. Results: Significant improvement in data quality was observed. From October 2020 to September 2021, 6,337 infants received PNC within 48 hours, accounting for 56% of the 11,309 live births. In the subsequent years (October 2021 to September 2022 and October 2022 to September 2023), this p increased to 89% and 92%, respectively. Conclusion: The combined impact of mentorship and regular monthly communication can enhance data quality, instilling increased confidence in data use for informed decision making.

Monitoring Planning and Implementation of Donor Funded Agricultural Projects in Kenya

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between monitoring planning and implementation of donor funded agricultural projects in Kenya. The study also sought to establish the moderating effect of project environment on the relationship between monitoring planning and implementation of donor funded agricultural projects in Kenya. In the realm of donor-funded agricultural projects in Kenya, effective monitoring planning is integral to successful project implementation. Activities such as resource acquisition, organization of materials, and training farm operators depend on a well-structured plan. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN, 2014) emphasizes the need for a seamless integration of techniques, procedures, people, and systems rooted in thoughtful planning.
 Methodology: This study employed a descriptive research design utilizing questionnaires as the primary data collection method, emphasizing a positivism philosophy grounded in quantifiable observations and statistical analysis. The target population encompassed various roles within donor-funded agricultural projects, totaling 383 individuals, with a sample size of 196 determined through simple random sampling. Reliability was assessed through a pilot test, utilizing Cronbach's Alpha, and statistical techniques were employed for data analysis, including descriptive statistics, multiple regression analysis, and statistical tests such as ANOVA. The study tested hypothesis related to the influence of monitoring planning on project implementation, as well as the moderating effect of the project environment.
 Findings: The study's statistical analyses reject the hypothesis (H01) that monitoring planning does not significantly influence the implementation of donor-funded agricultural projects in Kenya (F (1, 155) = 70.985, p < 0.001). Instead, it establishes a positive and substantial relationship between monitoring planning and project implementation, with monitoring planning explaining 31.4% of the variability in project outcomes (R2 = 0.314, p < 0.001). Additionally, the second hypothesis (H02) suggesting no significant moderating effect of project environment on the relationship between monitoring planning and project implementation is as well rejected (F(2, 154) = 64.066, p < 0.001), emphasizing the statistically significant influence of project environment dynamics on the effectiveness of monitoring planning strategies
 Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Give that the study findings establishes a positive and substantial relationship between monitoring planning, project environment and project implementation, it is recommended that project managers and stakeholders actively recognize and account for the influence of project environment dynamics on monitoring planning. This entails conducting comprehensive assessments to tailor monitoring plans to specific project contexts, fostering adaptability and responsiveness to varying conditions. By collectively defining and adhering to best practices, the sector can enhance its ability to navigate diverse project environments effectively, ultimately contributing to the success of donor-funded agricultural projects in Kenya.

Рrоjeсt Management Рrосess and Рerfоrmаnсe of Feeder Rоаds Соnstruсtiоn Рrоjeсts in Rwаndа

This reseаrсh exаmined the influenсe оf рrоjeсt mаnаgement рrосess оn рerfоrmаnсe оf feeder rоаds соnstruсtiоn рrоjeсts in Rwаndа. Feeder rоаds соnstruсtiоn рrоjeсts exрerienсe сhаllenges thаt hаmрer them frоm being effeсtively соmрleted within the аllосаted budget, timelines аnd tо the desired quаlity. This study sрeсifiсаlly investigаted hоw рrоjeсt initiаtiоn, рrоjeсt рlаnning, рrоjeсt implementation аnd рrоjeсt mоnitоring аnd соntrоl influenсe the рerfоrmаnсe оf feeder rоаds соnstruсtiоn рrоjeсts. The study was соnduсted in аll the 10 Distriсts feeder rоаds соnstruсtiоn рrоjeсts in Rwаndа. These feeder rоаds рrоjeсts аre аt vаriоus stаges оf соmрletiоn. The number оf seleсted resроndents was 84 respondents from all 84 employees аnd cencus was used from which 77 responses were received. The study used desсriрtive reseаrсh designs аnd аррlying questiоnnаire in соlleсtiоn оf dаtа. Thrоugh quаntitаtive аnаlysis, the study fоund оut that рrоjeсt initiаtiоn, рrоjeсt рlаnning, рrоjeсt exeсutiоn аnd рrоjeсt mоnitоring аnd соntrоl hаve а significant relаtiоnshiр with feeder roads рrоjeсts рerfоrmаnсe. Moreover, it was estаblished оut аt whiсh extent thоse рrоjeсt mаnаgement рrосess рhаses аre being аrrаnged in the feeder rоаd рrоjeсts under study. The study emрlоyed multiрle lineаr regressiоn mоdel fоr dаtа аnаlysis аnd it соnсluded that рrоjeсt mаnаgement рrосess рhаses influenсed the рerfоrmаnсe оf feeder rоаds соnstruсtiоn рrоjeсts. The R-squared (R2) equals to 0.880 (or 88.8%) and adjusted R-squared equals to 0.873 (or 87.3%); the results show the goodness of fit of the estimated model. Up to 88.8% of long-run appreciation in performance is influenced by changes in project initiation process; project planning process; project implementation process and project monitoring & control process as implemented by FRCP. The other remaining 11.2% can be explained by other factors not examined in this study. The results of ANOVA as p-value is less than 5%, this specifies that the performance of FRCP was significantly driven by at least one independent variable under this study. Therefore, the calculated F-value equals to 131.960 and this is greater than critical F-Value which is 2.499. Consequently, the general regression model is significant. Оverаll соnсlusiоns аnd reсоmmendаtiоns were shарed in оrder tо helр рrоjeсt mаnаgers, оrgаnizаtiоns, аnd future reseаrсhers. Keywords: Project Management Process, Construction Project, Project Performance, Feeder Rоаds Соnstruсtiоn Рrоjeсts Rwanda.

Validity of PBEST Learning Model: An Innovative Learning to Improve Creative Thinking Skill and Entrepreneurial Science Thinking

Based on the results of previous studies, evidence was acquired indicating that the creative thinking abilities of pupils in various locations of Indonesia still require improvement. Creative and innovative thinking in science learning integrated with entrepreneurship produces entrepreneurial science thinking. Learning interventions are needed to develop competitive graduates who can face challenges and rapid changes in the 21st century. This research aims to validate the Project Based Entrepreneurial Science Thinking (PBEST) learning model. The educational development research design used is the validation studies design, which tests two criteria, namely testing content validity (which is also called relevance) and construct validity (which is also called consistency). This validation involves three experts in science education, and the validation instrument uses a validation sheet. The research and data analysis indicate that the PBEST learning model consistently produces highly relevant results that meet rigorous validity and reliability standards (with a percentage of agreement ≥ 75%). The PBEST learning model consists of four stages, namely: (1) Observe and thinking project, (2) Design project, (3) Monitoring and evaluation project, (4) Economic value. The validation of the implementation supporting learning tools confirms the validity and reliability of the semester learning plans, lecture program units, student worksheets, student books, creative thinking skill tests, and entrepreneurial science thinking tests. The PBEST learning paradigm is applicable for enhancing both creative thinking skills and entrepreneurial science thinking.

Explaining racial and ethnic disparities in antiretroviral therapy adherence and viral suppression among U.S. men who have sex with men.

To identify factors - including social determinants of health (SDOH) - that explain racial/ethnic disparities in antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and sustained viral suppression (SVS) among U.S. men who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV. We used weighted data from 2017-2021 cycles of the Medical Monitoring Project. Among MSM taking ART, we calculated prevalence differences (PDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of ART adherence (100% ART adherence, past 30 days) and SVS (all viral loads in past 12 months <200 copies/ml or undetectable) for Black MSM (BMSM) and Hispanic/Latino MSM (HMSM) compared with White MSM (WMSM). Using forward stepwise selection, we calculated adjusted PDs with 95% CIs to examine if controlling for selected variables reduced PDs. After adjusting for age, any unmet service need, federal poverty level (FPL), food insecurity, homelessness, time since HIV diagnosis, gap in health coverage, and education, the BMSM/WMSM PD for ART adherence reduced from -16.9 to -8.2 (51.5%). For SVS, the BMSM/WMSM PD reduced from -8.3 to -3.6 (56.6%) after adjusting for ART adherence, age, homelessness, food insecurity, gap in health coverage, FPL, any unmet service need, time since diagnosis, and ER visit(s). The HMSM/WMSM PD for ART adherence reduced from -9.3 to -2.9 (68.8%) after adjusting for age and FPL. The unadjusted HMSM/WMSM PD for SVS was not statistically significant. Adjusting for SDOH and other factors greatly reduced racial/ethnic disparities in ART adherence and SVS. Addressing these factors - particularly among BMSM - could substantially improve health equity among MSM with HIV.

Overcoming the paradigm of traditional teaching methodology in pharmacology monitoring: innovations in medical education driven by the pandemic

In the course of the last decades there has been a transformation of medical education, aiming to change from a traditional model centered on the teacher to active methodologies, which involve students in a participative, practical and critical way. The pandemic highlighted the importance of differentiated approaches, such as dialoged classes and the inverted classroom. While they bring benefits, they also present challenges, such as preparedness and the necessary infrastructure. Training assessment and Think-Pair-Share (TPS) methodology are also important in this context. Accordingly, the adaptation of the ative methodologies for the teaching of pharmacology is considered relevant for forming doctors prepared for the future demands. The objective of the present study was to report the experience of the monitors in the discipline of Pharmacology in the context of adaptation between the pandemic scenario with remote activities and the return to face-to-face teaching, maintaining the strategy of active methodologies and the formative evaluation, which was initially structured during the pandemic in a digital context. The discipline of Pharmacology offered to the undergraduate course in Medicine of the State University of Rio de Janeiro has therefore started to integrate medical theory and practice, involving classroom, asynchronous and clinical cases. In this way, the teachers teach the subjects and the student monitors, with the supervision of the teachers, select clinical cases based on practical experiences, and use the strategy of the TPS for discussions with small groups of students, which, afterwards, are shared with the whole group. Clinical cases are based on supporting texts, but the discussions encourage the addition of new information to widen the understanding of the discipline. In this context, the monitoring project in Pharmacology involves an active teaching approach, encouraging students to participate in clinical case discussions and broaden theoretical knowledge. This practice enriches academic skills, arouses interest in teaching and is well evaluated by students. The approach aligns with Glasser's learning pyramid, favoring knowledge retention. The use of the TPS methodology promotes collaboration and clinical reasoning and the impact has been positive, which is evidenced by student evaluations and feedback to the discipline and to the monitors. Therefore, the restructuring of the Pharmacology discipline adopted more dynamic and active teaching strategies, seeking to stimulate the active participation of students and critical reasoning. Monitoring played an important role in this approach, promoting debate, proactivity, and clinical skills. The monitoring experience has been positive, deepening the technical knowledge of the monitors and challenging them to constantly improve teaching strategies. Accordingly, the work reflects the importance of more ative, critical medical teaching that is aligned with social demands.

Agile Implementation for Inventory (Case study: Business Unit of Private University)

The Unitomo Employee and Lecturer Business unit in the city of Surabaya, Indonesia, has several problems arising from the implementation of a manual system in the form of a paper-based system, which has the potential risks, such as 1) Damage and Risk of data loss, 2) Ineffectiveness in making reports; 3) Increased risk of human error caused by transaction volume, lack of management, and non-integration data; 4) Limited user accesses to the ledger, Time-consuming processes, and no collaboration. This research aims to overcome this problem by developing an inventory recording system using an Agile approach with the Scrum framework, PHP with the Slim 3 framework, MySQL, black box testing, and adding revenue and sales features as a difference from previous research. The research results show that the system developed was successful in helping Unitomo Business unit employees and lecturers overcome their problems, especially in monitoring the amount of inventory stock. The proposed system has features for recording incoming and outgoing goods transactions and sales and income reports. The use of the Agile Scrum method in software development helps teams in project planning and monitoring progress throughout the design process.

The Seoul National University AGN Monitoring Project. III. Hβ Lag Measurements of 32 Luminous Active Galactic Nuclei and the High-luminosity End of the Size–Luminosity Relation

We present the main results from a long-term reverberation mapping campaign carried out for the Seoul National University AGN Monitoring Project (SAMP). High-quality data were obtained during 2015–2021 for 32 luminous active galactic nuclei (AGNs; i.e., continuum luminosity in the range of 1044–46 erg s−1) at a regular cadence, of 20–30 days for spectroscopy and 3–5 days for photometry. We obtain time lag measurements between the variability in the Hβ emission and the continuum for 32 AGNs; 25 of those have the best lag measurements based on our quality assessment, examining correlation strength and the posterior lag distribution. Our study significantly increases the current sample of reverberation-mapped AGNs, particularly at the moderate-to-high-luminosity end. Combining our results with literature measurements, we derive an Hβ broadline region size–luminosity relation with a shallower slope than reported in the literature. For a given luminosity, most of our measured lags are shorter than the expectations, implying that single-epoch black hole mass estimators based on previous calibrations could suffer large systematic uncertainties.

Seed classification with random forest models.

To improve forest conservation monitoring, we developed a protocol to automatically count and identify the seeds of plant species with minimal resource requirements, making the process more efficient and less dependent on human operators. Seeds from six North American conifer tree species were separated from leaf litter and imaged on a flatbed scanner. In the most successful species-classification approach, an ImageJ macro automatically extracted measurements for random forest classification in the software R. The method allows for good classification accuracy, and the same process can be used to train the model on other species. This protocol is an adaptable tool for efficient and consistent identification of seed species or potentially other objects. Automated seed classification is efficient and inexpensive, making it a practical solution that enhances the feasibility of large-scale monitoring projects in conservation biology.

Puget Sound sediment cleanup remedy effectiveness retrospective.

The monitoring of completed large-scale sediment remediation projects has revealed mixed effectiveness at reducing risks, thus highlighting uncertainties regarding whether and which remedial measures are necessary to achieve protective goals. To support valid statements about changes over time and the overall effectiveness of sediment remedial action, robust pre- and postremediation monitoring is required with sufficient time points, reference sites, and biological metrics. The five completed Puget Sound sediment remediation case studies reviewed here (Bellingham Bay, St. Paul Waterway, Eagle Harbor, Hylebos Waterway, and Sinclair Inlet) employed particularly robust remedy effectiveness monitoring programs that spanned decades, revealing common lessons for improving remediation outcomes. First, although sediment remediation can play an important role in reducing contaminant exposure in areas with higher sediment concentrations, at lower levels, sediment links with fish tissue concentrations diminish. As water column exposure from diverse sources becomes predominant, remediating sediments with lower concentrations yields proportionately less risk reduction. Second, timely monitoring of effective source controls achieving substantial (i.e., >80%) contaminant source load reductions as well as large-scale capping projects have revealed rapid changes in Puget Sound surface sediment concentrations and biological recovery metrics with an average recovery half-time of 1.6 ± 0.8 years. The weight of evidence suggests that natural recovery of Puget Sound surface sediments is significantly accelerated by exchange across the sediment-water interface from benthic organism feeding behaviors, porewater flux, and tide-generated currents. As a result, effective source controls in Puget Sound have rapidly improved surface sediment quality and achieved more significant risk reductions than broadscale sediment remediation. Going forward, comprehensive Puget Sound source control efforts that incorporate robust monitoring in an adaptive management framework are the best way to achieve protective remediation objectives. These lessons may apply more broadly across similar complex urban aquatic ecosystems. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1355-1365. © 2024 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

Testing temporal transferability of remote sensing models for large area monitoring

Applying remote sensing models outside the temporal range of their training data, referred to as temporal model transfer, has become common practice for large area monitoring projects that extrapolate models for hindcasting or forecasting to time periods lacking reference data. However, the development of appropriate validation methods for temporal transfer has lagged behind its rapid adoption. Breaking temporal transfer's assumption of temporal consistency in both remote sensing and reference data and their relationship to each other could lead to biased pixel-level predictions and small area estimators, compromising the operational validity of large area monitoring products. Few studies using temporal transfer have evaluated its effects on model accuracy at the pixel/plot level, and the propensity for biased small area estimators and trends resulting from temporal transfer remains unexplored. We present a framework for evaluating temporal transferability by combining temporal cross-validation with a multiscale map assessment to aid in identifying where and when biased model predictions could scale to small area estimates and affect predicted trends.This validation framework is demonstrated in a case study of annual percent tree canopy cover mapping in Michigan. We tested and compared temporal transferability of random forest models of canopy cover derived from 2010 to 2016 systematic dot-grid photo-interpretations at Forest Inventory and Analysis plots with Landsat spectral indices fit with the LandTrendr temporal segmentation algorithm serving as the primary predictor variables. The temporal cross-validation error (mean RMSE = 13.9% cover) was higher than the common validation approach of considering all time periods of testing data together (RMSE = 13.6% cover) and lower than models trained and tested within the same year (mean RMSE = 14.2% cover). However, the bias of model predictions and small area estimators for individual years was higher with temporal transfer models than when applying models within the same year as their training data. We also evaluated how training models using different temporal subsets and with and without LandTrendr fitting affected predictions of Michigan's 1984–2020 predicted annual mean cover. The mean cover from LandTrendr-based models followed expected and consistent trends and had less difference between models trained with different temporal subsets (max difference = 5.8% cover). While those from Landsat had high interannual variations and greater difference between temporal models (max difference = 11.2% cover). The results of this case study demonstrate that evaluation of temporal transferability is necessary for establishing the operational validity of large area monitoring products, even when using time series algorithms that improve temporal consistency.

An investigation of an athlete injury likelihood monitoring system using the random forest algorithm and DWT.

The main goal of sports science is to monitor sports injuries. Nevertheless, the existing sports injury monitoring projects have many expensive instruments and excessively extended monitoring periods, which makes it difficult to expand sports injury monitoring on a large scale. The advancement of machine learning algorithms opens up new avenues for the tracking of sports injuries. A training set of sports injuries was created using the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Random Forest algorithms. Next, a basic analytic framework was created based on the lower-body movement of runners, and an athlete's injury likelihood monitoring system was established. First off, the wearable gyroscope device can efficiently plot the motion displacement curve and monitor the three-dimensional mechanics of the athlete's hips, thighs, and calves. Secondly, the system has a higher computational efficiency and an advantage over other classifier-based systems in terms of testing and training times. The suggested system framework identifies athletes' injury propensity, providing preventive recommendations based on displacement curves, and offering a low total cost and high testing accuracy, making it easy to implement and cost-effective. All things considered, the sports injury monitoring device is very accurate and reasonably priced, making it appropriate for widespread use.

Multi-Sensor Seismic Processing Approach Using Geophones and HWC DAS in the Monitoring of CO2 Storage at the Hellisheiði Geothermal Field in Iceland

Geothermal power production may result in significant CO2 emissions as part of the produced steam. CO2 capture, utilisation, subsurface storage (CCUS) and developments to exploit geothermal resources are focal points for future clean and renewable energy strategies. The Synergetic Utilisation of CO2 Storage Coupled with Geothermal Energy Deployment (SUCCEED) project aims to demonstrate the feasibility of using produced CO2 for re-injection in the geothermal field to improve geothermal performance, while also storing the CO2 as an action for climate change mitigation. Our study has the aim to develop innovative reservoir-monitoring technologies via active-source seismic data acquisition using a novel electric seismic vibrator source and permanently installed helically wound cable (HWC) fibre-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) system. Implemented together with auxiliary multi-component (3C and 2C) geophone receiver arrays, this approach gave us the opportunity to compare and cross-validate the results using wavefields from different acquisition systems. We present the results of the baseline survey of a time-lapse monitoring project at the Hellisheiði geothermal field in Iceland. We perform tomographic inversion and multichannel seismic processing to investigate both the shallower and the deeper basaltic rocks targets. The wavefield analysis is supported by seismic modelling. The HWC DAS and the geophone-stacked sections show good consistency, highlighting the same reflection zones. The comparison of the new DAS technology with the well-known standard geophone acquisition proves the effectiveness and reliability of using broadside sensitivity HWC DAS in surface monitoring applications.

Analysis of deformation law of an airport foundation pit monitoring in loess area

This paper takes an airport foundation pit project in northwest loess area as the research object, and introduces the key method technology of support, construction and monitoring of this foundation pit project. The scope of this foundation pit project is widely distributed, there are no buildings in the surrounding area, and there is less restriction on the construction space, so the GRF01 green assembled support method of Slope release with soil nail wall is adopted, which controls the deformation of the foundation pit well and at the same time, plays the role of green environmental protection and reduces the cost. The analysis of the pit monitoring data shows that the pit engineering support design scheme effectively controls the deformation of the pit, and all monitoring data did not reach the alarm value, which ensures the safety of pit excavation and in-pit operation, and achieves the dual goals of economy and environmental protection. It can provide reference for the design and construction of similar large-scale foundation pit excavation and support in loess area.

Unlocking the full potential of reality capture for construction project cost monitoring: a mixed review

Purpose Digital data acquisition is crucial for operations in the digital transformation era. Reality capture (RC) has made an immeasurable contribution to various fields, especially in the built environment. This paper aims to review RC applications, potentials, limitations and the extent to which RC can be adopted for cost monitoring of construction projects. Design/methodology/approach A mixed-method approach, using Bibliometric analysis and the PRISMA framework, was used to review and analyse 112 peer-reviewed journal articles from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Findings The study reveals RC has been applied in various areas in the built environment, but health and safety, cost and labour productivity monitoring have received little or no attention. It is proposed that RC can significantly support cost monitoring owing to its ability to acquire accurate and quick digital as-built 3D point cloud data, which contains rich measurement points for the valuation of work done. Research limitations/implications The study’s conclusions are based only on the Scopus and Web of Science data sets. Only English language documents were approved, whereas others may be in other languages. The research is a non-validation of findings using empirical data to confirm the data obtained from RC literature. Practical implications This paper highlights the importance of RC for cost monitoring in construction projects, filling knowledge gaps and enhancing project outcomes. Social implications The implementation of RC in the era of the digital revolution has the potential to improve project delivery around the world today. Every project’s success is largely determined by the availability of precise and detailed digital data. RC applications have pushed for more sustainable design, construction and operations in the built environment. Originality/value The study has given research trends on the extent of RC applications, potentials, limitations and future directions.

Practice for Continuous Effect of Technology Transfer in Bridge Maintenance and Management

As part of international cooperation efforts by the Japan International Cooperation Agency, Japan has implemented technical cooperation projects for bridge maintenance and management in several countries. The authors conducted technology transfer for bridge inspection and repair in technical cooperation projects in Egypt and the Philippines. This paper describes the past shortcomings and future support methods required based on these efforts as well as maintenance efforts in Japan. At the organizational level, we examined goals and strategies for fostering “effective ownership” and the nature of the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Action) cycle, including effectiveness measurement. At the individual engineer level, we examined the need to accumulate and pass on experience. Through these studies, the sustainable management cycle was examined. As a result, the studies identify the importance of flexibility in project monitoring and revision. It is necessary to determine the evaluation period based on actual achievement rather than time constraints. Besides, it is important to elastically reconsider indicators even at higher levels as well as effective countermeasures.

Feasibility of targeted active seismic monitoring of geological carbon storage using refracted waves

Active seismic monitoring is a powerful technique that can be employed for conformance and assurance monitoring in geological carbon storage (GCS). This technology was successfully deployed in small-scale research studies and large-scale commercial projects. Usually, in land time-lapse surveys, to ensure time-lapse data quality, the seismic survey is designed to have a very high trace density. This increases the cost of the survey and usually results in high-quality data covering only a very limited area. While this is a good approach if the detailed plume image is required, massive uptake GCS would require the monitoring to be cost-effective. Therefore, it is important to explore the possibility of using a series of daisy-chained wells instrumented with distributed acoustic sensors and paired to permanent seismic sources as a basis for such a system.To this end, we propose using head waves instead of reflected waves in large-scale projects for conformance monitoring (and, maybe, large leakage detection). Using a cartoon model of CarbonNet Pelican site as a motivation, we perform a feasibility study through seismic modelling. We also simulate a similar monitoring approach for a forthcoming shallow fault injection at the CO2CRC's Otway site in the Australian State of Victoria. This experiment can be viewed as a scaled model for larger injections. Based on these modelling results, we provide a short overview of the further field experiments that can be used to validate the proposed approach.