Monitoring Of Wound Healing Research Articles

Post-Surgical Non-Invasive Wound Healing Monitoring in Oropharyngeal Mucosa.

Postoperative bleeding is the most significant complication of tonsillectomy. Regular monitoring of post-surgical wound healing in the pharynx is required. For this purpose, we propose endoscope-based non-invasive perfusion mapping and quantification. The combination of imaging photoplethysmography and image processing provides automated wound area selection and microcirculation characterization. In this feasibility study, we demonstrate the first results of the proposed approach to wound monitoring in clinical trial on eight patients after tonsillectomy. Combination of probe-based optical system and image processing algorithms can provide the valuable and consistent data on perfusion distribution. The quantitative microcirculation data obtained 1, 4, and 7 days after surgery are in good agreement with existing monitoring protocols.

A Biomimetic Asymmetric Structured Intelligent Wound Dressing with Dual-modality Humidity-pressure Sensing for Non-invasive and Real-time Wound Healing Monitoring

A Biomimetic Asymmetric Structured Intelligent Wound Dressing with Dual-modality Humidity-pressure Sensing for Non-invasive and Real-time Wound Healing Monitoring

Preparation and characterization of pH-responsive Janus composite membranes with unidirectional moisture drainage and antioxidant resistance

Managing wound exudate, alleviating wound inflammation, and monitoring the healing process are the current focus of wound dressing research. However, the preparation of multifunctional dressings that simultaneously perform these functions remains a challenge. In this study, a pH-responsive Janus composite membrane with unidirectional moisture drainage and antioxidant properties is proposed for the wound healing process. This Janus composite membrane takes advantage of the difference in wettability between the hydrophilic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) layer and the hydrophobic polylactic acid (PLA) layer, which allows the fluid to be exported within 3 s and reduces the adhesion to the wound site. When the fibrous membrane was wetted, curcumin encapsulated in the fibers could be effectively released with a high antioxidant activity of 86.82 %. In response to pH changes during the wound healing process, the Janus composite membrane displays different colors under different conditions, which can be used to monitor wound healing. In addition, the biocompatibility of this Janus composite membrane increases the potential for its clinical use as a multifunctional wound dressing.

Tryptophan intrinsic fluorescence from wound healing correlates with re-epithelialization in a rabbit model.

Wound healing monitoring and timely decision-making are critical for wound classification. Tryptophan (Tr) intrinsic fluorescence, detected at 295/340nm, provides a noninvasive approach for wound assessment. Our previous work demonstrated that this autofluorescence is associated with keratinocytes in a highly proliferative state in vitro. We investigated the correlation between Tr fluorescence and key wound healing parameters, including re-epithelialization, fibrosis, neovascularization, and acute and chronic inflammation, using a rabbit model. Seven rabbits underwent wound healing assessment over a 15-day period. We employed histological analysis from central and marginal biopsies, and UV fluorescence imaging captured by a monochromatic near-UV sensitive camera equipped with a passband optical filter (340nm/12nm). Excitation was achieved using a 295nm LEDs ring lamp. Normalized fluorescence values were correlated with histological measurements using Pearson correlation. The UV fluorescence strongly exhibited a strong correlation with re-epithelization (r=0.8) at the wound edge, with peak intensity observed between the sixth and ninth days. Notably, wound-healing dynamics differed between the wound center and edge, primarily attributed to variations in re-epithelialization, neovascularization, and chronic inflammation. Our findings highlight the presence of autofluorescence at 295/340nm during wound healing, demonstrating a robust association with re-epithelialization. This excitation/emission signal holds promise as a valuable noninvasive strategy for monitoring wound closure, re-epithelialization, and other biological processes where Tr plays a pivotal role.

PEMANFAATAN SOFTWARE IMITOMEASURE UNTUK PENGUKURAN LUAS DAN KELILING PERMUKAAN LUKA AKUT STADIUM II PADA HEWAN UJI MENCIT (Mus musculus)

Wound is the loss of tissue caused by trauma due to wounds exposed to cuts, collisions, or chemicals, wounds can cause a person to lose productivity during the wound healing process,in addition to good wound care methods to accelerate the wound healing process, it is necessary to have a reliable wound healing monitoring method and not be an additional risk of infection in the wound, imitomeasure software based on the android system can be a safe wound measurement solution and does not provide additional risk of infection in the wound. In the test results by comparing the use of software, verniers and rulers, the results were not significantly different (P>0.05) in the independent sample T test so it can be concluded that the use of imitomeasure software is quite accurate when compared to conventional measurementmethods, besides that this software is very easy and can run on any android and ios-based smartphone so that it can be used by all health personnel.

Promotion and monitor wound healing by anthocyanin enhanced light curing ε-poly-l-lysine hydrogel encapsulated Cu-MOF

Drug-resistant bacterial infections and biofilm formation have long posed significant challenges to public health, particularly in the context of chronic wound healing. In this study, the CuHspMOF were derived from copper and hesperitin (Hsp). The photocurable Epsilon-poly-l-lysine (EPLMA) and blueberry anthocyanin (BA) were synthesized through free radical polymerization. The multifunctional EB@CuHsp hydrogel exhibits excellent photothermal effect. One of the key features of the EB@CuHsp hydrogel is its ability to monitor the healing environment through color changes in response to variations in pH. This property allows for real-time assessment of the wound’s pH levels, reflecting the body fluid’s pH range during the healing process (pH 5–9). The hydrogel components work synergistically to facilitate wound healing. The EPLMA, with its positively charged, could captures bacteria and enable copper ions to eradicate bacteria at lower concentrations. This dual action leads to the creation of an optimal healing environment conducive to wound healing. During the inflammatory phase, BA and Hsp could collaborate to combat inflammation, which transited from the inflammatory stage to the proliferative phase soon. Continuous release of BA and Cu2+, coupled with thermotherapy, significantly enhances epithelial and blood vessel regeneration, thereby expediting the healing of chronic wounds. Overall, this multifunctional composite hydrogel holds great promise for promoting the regeneration of infected wound tissue, making it a potential candidate for chronic wound dressings.

An antifouling electrochemical biosensor based on oxidized bacterial cellulose and quaternized chitosan for reliable detection of involucrin in wound exudate

The monitoring of biomarkers in wound exudate is of great importance for wound care and treatment, and electrochemical biosensors with high sensitivity are potentially useful for this purpose. However, conventional electrochemical biosensors always suffer from severe biofouling when performed in the complex wound exudate. Herein, an antifouling electrochemical biosensor for the detection of involucrin in wound exudate was developed based on a wound dressing, oxidized bacterial cellulose (OxBC) and quaternized chitosan (QCS) composite hydrogel. The OxBC/QCS hydrogel was prepared using an in-situ chemical oxidation and physical blending method, and the proportion of OxBC and QCS was optimized to achieve electrical neutrality and enhanced hydrophilicity, therefore endowing the hydrogel with exceptional antifouling and antimicrobial properties. The involucrin antibody SY5 was covalently bound to the OxBC/QCS hydrogel to construct the biosensor, and it demonstrated a low limit of detection down to 0.45 pg mL−1 and a linear detection range from 1.0 pg mL−1 to 1.0 μg mL−1, and it was capable of detecting targets in wound exudate. Crucially, the unique antifouling and antimicrobial capability of the OxBC/QCS hydrogel not only extends its effective lifespan but also guarantees the sensing performance of the biosensor. The successful application of this wound dressing, OxBC/QCS hydrogel for involucrin detection in wound exudate demonstrates its promising potential in wound healing monitoring.

Review of bioactive wax emulsified films

AbstractPlastic packaging materials have caused significant environmental issues because they are nonrenewable and nonbiodegradable. Wax‐emulsified films from biomaterials, on the other hand, are renewable and biodegradable, making them promising packaging alternatives. The development of bioactive wax‐emulsified films (BWEFs) with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties has been a topic of extensive research. In this review, we provide an overview of wax emulsification, BWEF processing, and applications. BWEF contains several bioactive agents such as tannins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and carotenes. The addition of emulsified wax and active agents to films not only enhances their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties but also reduces their hydrophilicity. Other reagents have been added to BWEF partially to increase hydrophobicity and mainly to improve mechanical properties. BWEFs prolong food shelf life, monitor wound healing, and control drug delivery. We have identified some research challenges that need to be solved to make BWEFs industrially attractive.

MoS2-poly(sodium4-styrenesulfonate) nanocomposite-based humidity sensor for monitoring wound healing

In this paper, a humidity sensor with high response, high stability and fast response recovery based on MoS2-PSS hybridized sensitive materials was designed, and preliminarily explored for application in noninvasive monitoring of human wound healing. The modification of PSS promoted the increase of S vacancy defects in the MoS2-PSS hybrid materials, which facilitated the rapid adsorption of water molecules and charge transfer. The edge dangling bonds and PSS in MoS2-PSS hybrid materials jointly enhanced the water molecule adsorption capacity and promoted the rapid formation of chemisorbed water layer on materials surface. The formation of chemical bond between MoS2 and PSS makes the hybrid material more stable in structure. The prevents the loss of hydrophilic material caused by the sensor working in high humidity environment for a long time and improves the stability of the sensor. MoS2-PSS humidity sensor exhibites high response (11097), short response/recovery time (5/6 s), low humidity hysteresis (1.6%), and high stability in the 11%-95% RH range. This study not only promotes the development of high-performance sensors, but may also provide a viable option for noninvasive monitoring of wound healing.

Ultrasound-Assisted Anthocyanins Extraction from Purple Cabbage for Optical Biosensor of Wound Healing Monitoring

The ethanol-water based extraction of phenolic bioactive components, anthocyanins, from purple cabbage (PC) was carried out. Ultrasound assisted extraction was performed and each cycle was set to 3 minutes. UV-visible absorbance was evaluated at each cycle (total 3 cycles) and the intensity of absorbance at 546~550 nm was interpreted as the extraction efficiency of anthocyanin. The pH sensibility of PC extracts was evaluated at pH 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 and measured with UV-Visible spectrometry. Each pH condition, the extracts presented different color shades and wavenumbers of maximum absorbance proving their pH sensibility. Antioxidant activity of PC extract was evaluated and the excellent inhibition capacity was observed (~98%). PC extract was then embedded in alginate membrane to use as wound dressing materials. Alginate membrane with PC extract also presented high pH sensibility showing remarkable color changes after exposure to different pH environments.

A systematic review of oral wound healing indices.

A complete literature electronic search in 5 databases was conducted by two reviewers. A combination of keywords related to oral wound healing was used. A total of 11 articles were included in the evaluation of various procedures (conventional periodontal procedures, guided tissue regeneration, soft tissue reconstruction procedures, and tooth extractions), at different time points (1 day to 12 weeks), with a focus on diverse clinical signs and symptoms. Frequently evaluated parameters included wound dehiscence/epithelialization (91%), tissue color (redness) (73%), suppuration (55%), swelling/edema (55%), and hemostasis (55%). Other less commonly used parameters include esthetics-related and patient-centered outcomes. The available indices evaluate a diverse group of subjective clinical signs and symptoms to estimate the underlying biological healing events and assess the degree of clinical success. The majority of the included indices are not validated. Quantitative and objective subclinical parameters including blood perfusion, biomaterial stability, and completeness of epithelialization, are needed for customized wound healing care and better outcome prediction.

Assessing biomarkers for post-surgical wound healing: A meta-analysis of exosome-based CircRNA in breast cancer recovery.

To evaluate the diagnostic potential of exosome-based circular RNAs (circRNAs) as biomarkers for wound healing in patients after breast cancer surgery, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of studies that measured exosome-based circRNA levels in breast cancer patients post-surgery. Data sources included several biomedical databases up to April 2023. Two independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed study quality. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratios were synthesized using random-effects model with subgroup analyses performed based on study characteristics. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a total of 1234 patients. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of exosome-based circRNA for detecting wound healing complications were 0.85 (95% CI: 0.77-0.91) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.78-0.88), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was 0.90, indicating high diagnostic accuracy. Subgroup analyses revealed that diagnostic performance was consistent across studies of different geographic regions and sample types but indicated potential variability related to patient age and study design. Exosome-based circRNA profiles exhibited the high diagnostic accuracy for monitoring wound healing in breast cancer post-operative care. These findings supported the potential utility of circRNA as non-invasive biomarkers for post-surgical recovery. However, variability among studies suggested the need for standardized protocols in biomarker measurement. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to validate the prognostic value of these biomarkers and investigate their role in personalized patient management.

Multispectral Imaging-Based System for Detecting Tissue Oxygen Saturation With Wound Segmentation for Monitoring Wound Healing.

Blood circulation is an important indicator of wound healing. In this study, a tissue oxygen saturation detecting (TOSD) system that is based on multispectral imaging (MSI) is proposed to quantify the degree of tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) in cutaneous tissues. A wound segmentation algorithm is used to segment automatically wound and skin areas, eliminating the need for manual labeling and applying adaptive tissue optics. Animal experiments were conducted on six mice in which they were observed seven times, once every two days. The TOSD system illuminated cutaneous tissues with two wavelengths of light - red ([Formula: see text] nm) and near-infrared ([Formula: see text] nm), and StO2 levels were calculated using images that were captured using a monochrome camera. The wound segmentation algorithm using ResNet34-based U-Net was integrated with computer vision techniques to improve its performance. Animal experiments revealed that the wound segmentation algorithm achieved a Dice score of 93.49%. The StO2 levels that were determined using the TOSD system varied significantly among the phases of wound healing. Changes in StO2 levels were detected before laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) detected changes in blood flux. Moreover, statistical features that were extracted from the TOSD system and LSCI were utilized in principal component analysis (PCA) to visualize different wound healing phases. The average silhouette coefficients of the TOSD system with segmentation (ResNet34-based U-Net) and LSCI were 0.2890 and 0.0194, respectively. By detecting the StO2 levels of cutaneous tissues using the TOSD system with segmentation, the phases of wound healing were accurately distinguished. This method can support medical personnel in conducting precise wound assessments. Clinical and Translational Impact Statement-This study supports efforts in monitoring StO2 levels, wound segmentation, and wound healing phase classification to improve the efficiency and accuracy of preclinical research in the field.

A Novel Combination Therapy Tβ4/VIP Protects against Hyperglycemia-Induced Changes in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells.

Despite the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy, the majority of adult diabetic patients develop visually debilitating corneal complications, including impaired wound healing. Unfortunately, there is limited treatment for diabetes-induced corneal damage. The current project investigates a novel, peptide-based combination therapy, thymosin beta-4 and vasoactive intestinal peptide (Tβ4/VIP), against high-glucose-induced damage to the corneal epithelium. Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) was used for real-time monitoring of barrier function and wound healing of human corneal epithelial cells maintained in either normal glucose (5 mM) or high glucose (25 mM) ± Tβ4 (0.1%) and VIP (5 nM). Barrier integrity was assessed by resistance, impedance, and capacitance measurements. For the wound healing assay, cell migration was also monitored. Corneal epithelial tight junction proteins (ZO-1, ZO-2, occludin, and claudin-1) were assessed to confirm our findings. Barrier integrity and wound healing were significantly impaired under high-glucose conditions. However, barrier function and cell migration significantly improved with Tβ4/VIP treatment. These findings were supported by high-glucose-induced downregulation of tight junction proteins that were effectively maintained similar to normal levels when treated with Tβ4/VIP. These results strongly support the premise that Tβ4 and VIP work synergistically to protect corneal epithelial cells against hyperglycemia-induced damage. In addition, this work highlights the potential for significant translational impact regarding the treatment of diabetic patients and associated complications of the cornea.

Dynamic optical coherence tomography of chronic venous ulcers.

Chronic ulcers, especially venous leg ulcers, are a major burden on the healthcare system. To date there are only few non-invasive established procedures for evaluation of blood perfusion in wounds. Dynamic optical coherence tomography (D-OCT) provides images of the skin's superficial vascularisation. This study aims to investigate if and how the D-OCT measurement of chronic wounds can provide new information about the vascularisation during the healing process. We examined 16 venous ulcers over 16 weeks and evaluated the vessel morphology and density using D-OCT at the wound bed, borders, two centimetres adjacent to the wound und at non-ulcerated skin on the contralateral leg. In D-OCT scans clumps were unique and the most common vessel type in the wound area of venous ulcers, whereas lines and serpiginous vessels were the most common in non-ulcerated skin. At the wound border mottle and cluster patterns occurred more frequently. Healthy skin showed a significant increase of mesh pattern. Vessel density significantly increased at the wound area compared to non-ulcerated skin. During the healing process the wound border showed the most vascular changes while only an increase in curves was observed in the wound centre. Non-healing wounds had fewer dots and blobs at the borders, fewer dots, coils, clumps, lines and serpiginous vessels at the centre and fewer dots in adjacent skin. Temperature analysis showed higher temperatures in non-ulcerated skin, followed by the wound margin and centre. Non-healing wounds showed the lowest temperatures in the wound centre. These results highlight the non-invasive use of D-OCT for the examination and monitoring of wound healing in chronic venous ulcers. D-OCT imaging of blood vessels may offer the potential to detect disorders of wound healing at an early stage, differentiate ulcers of different genesis and to tailor more individualized, patient-oriented therapy.

Uniform Selection And Representation Matching: A Framework For Classifying Wound Healing Stage.

We propose the Uniform Selection and Representation Matching framework, an image classification framework that leverages co-teaching, contrastive learning, representation matching, and uniform selection to perform accurate wound stage classification with limited and noisy-labeled data. Given that descriptors of wound stages are under-specified, making accurate recognition difficult, images that generate low classification confidence are identified using an entropy-based selection process. Pseudo-labels are assigned to the low-confidence images through the representation matching process, where images are embedded into latent space and labels are assigned through majority voting. The Uniform Selection and Representation Matching framework demonstrates high accuracy in classifying wound-stage images by achieving a classification accuracy of 90.0%, a significant improvement over conventional convolutional neural networks.Clinical relevance- This work proposes a wound-stage classification algorithm trained with minimal data and noisy labels. Applications include remotely monitoring wound healing, recommending treatments, and incorporating intelligent bandage devices.

Chitosan-based antibacterial microspheres loaded multifunctional Janus composite membranes with unidirectional biofluid transport, antioxidant and pH-responsive monitoring

Bacterial infection, management of wound exudate and monitoring of healing status are the most prominent problems in wound treatment, however, according to research findings, the large multifunctionality of dressings studied so far is relatively homogeneous, and making wound dressings with simultaneous antibacterial and antioxidant properties, unidirectional fluid delivery and monitoring of wound healing is still a challenge in current research. Here, based on electrostatic spinning and electrostatic spraying techniques, a multifunctional Janus composite membrane was prepared by combining a hydrophilic layer polyacrylonitrile@poly(dopamine) (PAN@PDA), a hydrophobic layer polycaprolactone@ curcumin/silk fibroin (PCL@CUR/SF), and a drug-carrying layer aminated mesoporous silica-chitosan/curcumin (MSN-NH2-CS/CUR) to exploit the difference in wettability between the layers, excess wound exudate was drained. Interestingly, the cumulative in vitro release rate of the composite membrane was 7.67% at 551 h. The antioxidant activity was 79.01% at 120 min. The antibacterial properties of the composite membrane against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were about 98% and 99%, respectively, indicating the excellent drug retardation and antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the composite membrane. The color of the composite membrane slowly changed from yellow to orange-red when exposed to pH 6, 7.2, 8 and 9 buffers, indicating that the composite membrane can be used as a pH indicator in the wound healing process. MTT and cell adhesion experiments showed that the composite membrane has good cytocompatibility and is conducive to cell adhesion and proliferation. This multifunctional Janus composite membrane will be useful for wound management and treatment.

Highly Elastic and Strain Sensing Corn Protein Electrospun Fibers for Monitoring of Wound Healing.

Due to the lack of sufficient elasticity and strain sensing capability, protein-based ultrafine fibrous tissue engineering scaffolds, though favorable for skin repair, can hardly fulfill on-spot wound monitoring during healing. Herein, we designed highly elastic corn protein ultrafine fibrous smart scaffolds with a three-layer structure for motion tracking at an unpackaged state. The densely cross-linked protein networks were efficiently established by introducing a highly reactive epoxy and provided the fiber substrates with wide-range stretchability (360% stretching range) and ultrahigh elasticity (99.91% recovery rate) at a wet state. With the assistance of the polydopamine bonding layer, a silver conductive sensing layer was built on the protein fibers and endowed the scaffolds with wide strain sensing range (264%), high sensitivity (gauge factor up to 210.55), short response time (<70 ms), reliable cycling stability, and long-lasting duration (up to 30 days). The unpackaged smart scaffolds could not only support cell growth and accelerate wound closure but also track motions on skin and in vivo and trigger alarms once excessive wound deformations occurred. These features not only confirmed the great potential of these smart scaffolds for applications in tissue reconstruction and wound monitoring but also proved the possibility of employing various plant protein ultrafine fibers as flexible bioelectronics.

Transparent Piezoelectric Nanogenerator for Self-Powered Force Sensing Applications

Piezoelectric materials have been widely used as dynamic force sensors, accelerometers, and energy harvesters. Herein, we report the poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) based transparent piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) as a self-powered force sensor. The 2 × 2 array of PENGs was fabricated by sandwiching the P(VDF-TrFE) film between two indium tin oxide-based electrodes. The device demonstrated good stable and repeatable piezoelectric response (sensitivity of 0.3 V N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> ), which increased linearly with externally applied compressive force. The output voltage of the devices varied with the frequency of the external force application, and they showed a sensitivity of 0.25 V Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> between 2 and 10 Hz frequency. The excellent dynamic force sensing response, transparency, and self-power feature make presented devices ideally suited for applications such as see-through smart plaster that allow wound healing monitoring without removing the plaster.

Non-Invasive Monitoring of Cutaneous Wound Healing in Non-Diabetic and Diabetic Model of Adult Zebrafish Using OCT Angiography.

A diabetic wound presents a severe risk of infections and other complications because of its slow healing. Evaluating the pathophysiology during wound healing is imperative for wound care, necessitating a proper diabetic wound model and assay for monitoring. The adult zebrafish is a rapid and robust model for studying human cutaneous wound healing because of its fecundity and high similarities to human wound repair. OCTA as an assay can provide three-dimensional (3D) imaging of the tissue structure and vasculature in the epidermis, enabling monitoring of the pathophysiologic alterations in the zebrafish skin wound. We present a longitudinal study for assessing the cutaneous wound healing of the diabetic adult zebrafish model using OCTA, which is of importance for the diabetes research using the alternative animal models. We used non-diabetic (n = 9) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) adult zebrafish models (n = 9). The full-thickness wound was generated on the fish skin, and the wound healing was monitored with OCTA for 15 days. The OCTA results demonstrated significant differences between diabetic and non-diabetic wound healing, involving delayed tissue remodeling and impaired angiogenesis for the diabetic wound, leading to slow wound recovery. The adult zebrafish model and OCTA technique may benefit long-term metabolic disease studies using zebrafish for drug development.