Microclimate Monitoring Research Articles

Microclimate monitoring in commercial tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) greenhouse production and its effect on plant growth, yield and fruit quality

IntroductionHigh annual tomato yields are achieved using high-tech greenhouse production systems. Large greenhouses typically rely only on one central weather station per compartment to steer their internal climate, ignoring possible microclimate conditions within the greenhouse itself.MethodsIn this study, we analysed spatial variation in temperature and vapour pressure deficit in a commercial tomato greenhouse setting for three consecutive years. Multiple sensors were placed within the crop canopy, which revealed microclimate gradients.Results and discussionDifferent microclimates were present throughout the year, with seasonal (spring – summer – autumn) and diurnal (day – night) variations in temperature (up to 3 °C, daily average) and vapour pressure deficit (up to 0.6 kPa, daily average). The microclimate effects influenced in part the variation in plant and fruit growth rate and fruit yield – maximum recorded difference between two locations with different microclimates was 0.4 cm d-1 for stem growth rate, 0.6 g d-1 for fruit growth rate, 80 g for truss mass at harvest. The local microclimate effect on plant growth was always larger than the bulk climate variation measured by a central sensor, as commonly done in commercial greenhouses. Quality attributes of harvested tomato fruit did not show a significant difference between different microclimate conditions. In conclusion, we showed that even small, naturally occurring, differences in local environment conditions within a greenhouse may influence the rate of plant and fruit growth. These findings could encourage the sector to deploy larger sensor networks for optimal greenhouse climate control. A sensor grid covering the whole area of the greenhouse is a necessity for climate control strategies to mitigate suboptimal conditions.

The diagnostic study of the plaster replicas of the Trajan’s Column conserved at the Museum of Roman Civilisation (Rome)

The management of indoor microclimate in museums has recently received growing attention. Museum climatology and the mechanism for the degradation process, defined as a result of progressive and cumulative decay, depends on environmental variables and their changes. In fact, temperature and relative humidity gradients are often the main causes of chemical and physical decay of artefacts. This research focuses on assessing the state of conservation of 34 gypsum-based plaster replicas of Trajan’s Column at the Museum of Roman Civilisation and on the microclimate monitoring of Room LI, where they are conserved. The decay assessment of the studied plaster casts was performed using a multidisciplinary analytical approach to characterize the constituent materials and to identify the main degradation patterns by i) on-site investigation with non-destructive methodologies; ii) chemical and petrographical characterization on collected micro samples. Microclimate variables (temperature, relative humidity and dew point) were measured along seven months to define the actual environmental conditions and the response of the materials to the microclimate.

Protecting archaeological collections in Capua Archaeological Museum (Italy): The importance of microclimatic monitoring and non-invasive diagnostic investigations

This study examines the importance of microclimatic monitoring and non-invasive diagnostic techniques in cultural heritage sites for the identification of critical environmental conditions and the development of appropriate conservation measures. In particular, the research focuses on the microclimate analysis in the 'Sala delle Madri' of the Archaeological Museum of Capua, Italy, which houses a collection of important Roman and Greek sculptures. The study reveals that the microclimatic conditions in the ‘Sala delle Madri’ are not constant throughout the monitored year and the environmental parameter are influenced by seasonal variations and natural phenomena. A preliminary diagnostic investigation has been performed on the sculptures located in this room to document the state of conservation of the sculptures and to plan a specific analytical protocol aimed to characterization of both original and restoration materials, verifying the influence of the microclimatic conditions, due to high temperatures and NO2 levels. Moreover, X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) was performed on two archaeological coins to characterize the alloy composition and to document corrosion products and to understand degradation phenomena. This research highlights the necessity for the implementation of conservation measures to mitigate the negative impact of environmental conditions and prevent further damage to the archaeological findings displayed at Capua Museum. This study therefore contributes to the wider awareness of the importance of preserving cultural heritage and the role of monitoring systems in achieving this goal.

Understanding Outdoor Cold Stress and Thermal Perception of the Elderly in Severely Cold Climates: A Case Study in Harbin

This study collected data through microclimate monitoring, surface temperature measurements, and questionnaire surveys, and used indicators, such as the universal thermal climate index (UTCI), surface temperature (Ts), and wind chill temperature (tWC), to determine the thermal comfort threshold of the elderly in severely cold climates and evaluate their cold stress. The results indicated that (1) the neutral UTCI (NUTCI) for elderly individuals in winter was 13.3 °C, and the NUTCI range was from 1.4 to 25.2 °C; (2) the intensity of elderly individuals’ physical activity affected the magnitude of risk of whole-body cooling, with duration-limited exposures corresponding to 0.5, 3.3, and over 8 h for light, moderate, and vigorous activity levels, respectively; (3) the tWC in all four spaces was below −10 °C, potentially inducing discomfort or even frostbite in the elderly; (4) for a 10 s touch, the maximum Ts (−17.2 °C) of stone was lower than the numbness threshold (−15.0 °C), while that (−15.1 °C) of steel materials remained below the frostbite threshold (−13 °C), posing risks for the elderly during physical activity. This study’s results will provide valuable insights and theoretical references for the landscape design of urban park activity spaces for elderly individuals in cold climate regions.

Evaluating the Urban Heat Mitigation Potential of a Living Wall in Milan: One Year of Microclimate Monitoring

Urban heat island (UHI) mitigation and adaptation are urgent needs in a built environment, which requires us to search for sustainable solutions to limit the urban heat island effect and improve the energy efficiency of building envelopes. Among these solutions, vertical green structures (VGSs) have recently attracted significant attention for their potential to mitigate adverse effects, especially in densely built areas. This study presents a comprehensive data analysis of the microclimate of a living wall in Milan, Italy. Our aim was to evaluate this VGS’s performance in mitigating temperature increases caused by the UHI effect. In the literature, similar studies are limited to shorter monitoring periods (mostly in cooling seasons) and specific orientations (mostly facing south). However, the VGS presented in this case study here faces northwest and was continuously monitored for one calendar year. During this continuous in situ monitoring campaign, air temperature data from sensors either embedded in vegetation or exposed on a bare wall were collected and analysed over a whole calendar year, which is a novelty compared to the existing literature focused on VGSs due to the long duration. The findings indicate that the studied VGS has the ability to influence the outdoor microclimate depending on the season, the precipitation events, the wall exposure, the type of vegetation, and the vegetation’s phenological attributes. The analysis showed that the VGS consistently maintained cooler temperatures than the bare wall, with mean temperature differences ranging from 2.8 °C in autumn to 0.8 °C in spring through the winter. The vegetation acted as a natural insulator by reducing the air temperature during the hot summer and in early autumn, corresponding to the growing period of the vegetation. Thus, VGSs show potential to mitigate the global warming effect. These findings provide valuable insights on vegetation’s capability to act as a thermal regulator for sustainable urban planning and energy-efficient building design and retrofitting.

Origami-inspired highly stretchable and breathable 3D wearable sensors for in-situ and online monitoring of plant growth and microclimate

The emerging wearable plant sensors demonstrate the capability of in-situ measurement of physiological and micro-environmental information of plants. However, the stretchability and breathability of current wearable plant sensors are restricted mainly due to their 2D planar structures, which interfere with plant growth and development. Here, origami-inspired 3D wearable sensors have been developed for plant growth and microclimate monitoring. Unlike 2D counterparts, the 3D sensors demonstrate theoretically infinitely high stretchability and breathability derived from the structure rather than the material. They are adjusted to 100% and 111.55 mg cm−2·h−1 in the optimized design. In addition to stretchability and breathability, the structural parameters are also used to control the strain distribution of the 3D sensors to enhance sensitivity and minimize interference. After integrating with corresponding sensing materials, electrodes, data acquisition and transmission circuits, and a mobile App, a miniaturized sensing system is produced with the capability of in-situ and online monitoring of plant elongation and microclimate. As a demonstration, the 3D sensors are worn on pumpkin leaves, which can accurately monitor the leaf elongation and microclimate with negligible hindrance to plant growth. Finally, the effects of the microclimate on the plant growth is resolved by analyzing the monitored data. This study would significantly promote the development of wearable plant sensors and their applications in the fields of plant phenomics, plant-environment interface, and smart agriculture.

Decreasing the energy demand in public buildings using nature-based solutions: case studies from Novi Sad (Republic of Serbia) and Osijek (Republic of Croatia)

BackgroundNature-based solutions (NBS) in urban areas offer an opportunity to improve environmental conditions and to reduce CO2 emissions towards establishing climate-neutral cities in the next few decades. Furthermore, the implementation of NBSs—vertical or horizontal green infrastructures on public facilities—could in particular improve both climate, including outdoor thermal conditions on a micro-scale (especially during the summer season) and the energy demand of buildings as well as save heating energy during the winter period.ResultsOn both selected buildings, extensive green roofs were implemented as an NBS intervention. The analysed data were obtained using the monitoring systems (from 2019 to 2022) installed on two public buildings in Novi Sad (Republic of Serbia) and Osijek (Republic of Croatia), with a focus on climate/bioclimate characteristics and thermal transmission capacities. Four automatic weather stations (AWS) were used for microclimate monitoring, along with the heat flow meter (HFM) method, to measure the alterations in the thermal transmittance (U value) of a flat concrete roof before and after energy refurbishment and the installation of a green roof. The outcomes of this study show that the air temperatures (Ta) and globe temperatures (Tg) near the green roof are lower by 0–3 °C for Ta and by 0–16.5 °C for Tg than the values captured by the AWSs at other locations. An even more interesting fact is that the green roof has a constant cooling potential during tropical nights, and based upon this research, the cooling value is around 2 °C for Tg (the Ta value is not distinct). The thermal transmittance results show that more savings can be achieved by applying a green roof with an 8 cm thick substrate: U values decreased by 50–69%, as measured by two different heat flux sensors.ConclusionsNature-based solutions, such as the implementation of an extensive green roof, have positive effects on diverse aspects of urban environments and building energy savings, which are particularly evident in extreme seasons, both summer and winter. Applying the proposed monitoring and assessment system could help local communities in their efforts to reduce carbon-based emissions. This paper provides a good example of the implementation of NBSs on a local- and a micro-scale.

Advancing Urban Microclimate Monitoring: The Development of an Environmental Data Measurement Station Using a Low-Tech Approach

Researchers studying urban climates aim to understand phenomena like urban heat islands (UHIs), which describe temperature differences between urban and rural areas. However, studies often lack numerous measurement points and frequently overlook parameters like radiation and air velocity due to the high cost of precision instrumentation. This results in data with a low resolution, particularly in tropical cities where official weather stations are scarce. This research introduces a new, low-tech tool for district-level outdoor thermal comfort assessment and UHI characterization to address these challenges. The automated weather station employs sensors to measure temperature, humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, and globe temperature. The paper details these sensors’ rigorous selection and validation process, followed by a description of the sensor assembly, data acquisition chain, and network operation mechanisms. Calibration outcomes in laboratory and in situ environments highlight the station’s reliability, even in tropical conditions. In conclusion, this weather station offers a cost-effective solution to gathering high-resolution data in urban areas, enabling an improved understanding of the UHI phenomenon and the refinement of urban microclimate numerical models.

Attenuating Anthropogenic Impact on Subterranean Micro-Climate: Insights from the Biospeleological Station in Postojna Cave

The Biospeleological Station (BS) in Postojna Cave, with a volume of 36,000 m3, has served as an underground biological laboratory since 1931, receiving 100,000 visitors annually. Historical cave micro-climate monitoring was performed in 1933 and 1963, and continuous monitoring of cave air temperature and carbon dioxide concentration at hourly intervals started in 2015. Micro-climatic data collected between 2015 and 2024 has helped us to understand the relationship between natural underground environment and anthropogenic impact, thereby aiding expert recommendations to cave managers for the mitigation of anthropogenic micro-climatic effects. Results strongly support the policy that, during summer, when outdoor temperatures are higher than in the cave, solid metal doors connecting the BS with the rest of the cave (Stara Jama) should be kept open. Such a simple mitigation act helps to decrease anthropogenically increased air temperature and carbon dioxide concentrations, thereby maintaining suitable micro-climatic conditions for the exhibition of cave animals. Closure during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021) resulted in the lowest temperatures recorded. BS visitation increases air temperature by 1 °C, highlighting the need for management strategies to maintain suitable conditions for cave fauna exhibition.

Configuration Optimization of Temperature–Humidity Sensors Based on Weighted Hilbert–Schmidt Independence Criterion in Chinese Solar Greenhouses

For cost-sensitive Chinese solar greenhouses (CSGs) with an uneven spatial distribution in temperature and humidity, there is a lack of effective strategies for sensor configuration that can reduce sensor usage while monitoring the microclimate precisely. A configuration strategy for integrated temperature–humidity sensors (THSs) based on the improved weighted Hilbert–Schmidt independence criterion (HSIC) is proposed in this paper. The data independence of the THSs in different sites was analyzed based on the improved HSIC, and the selection priority of the THSs was ranked based on the weighted independence of temperature and humidity. Then, according to different cost constraints and monitoring requirements, suitable THSs could be selected sequentially and constitute the monitoring solution. Compared with the original monitoring solution containing twenty-two THSs, the optimized solution used only four THSs (S6, S9 and H6, H5) under strict cost constraints, with a maximum RMSE of the temperature and relative humidity of 0.6 °C and 2.30%, as well as a maximum information gain rate (IGR) of 9.47% and 10.0%. If higher monitoring precision is required, we can increase the THS usage with a greater budget. The optimized solution with six THSs (S6, S9, S8 and H6, H5, H2) could further reduce the maximum RMSE of the temperature and relative humidity to 0.33 °C and 1.10% and the IGR to 6.9% and 8.7%. This indicated that the proposed strategy could use much fewer THSs to achieve accurate and comprehensive monitoring, which would provide efficient and low-cost solutions for CSG microclimate monitoring.

Development of Microclimate Data Recorder on Coffee-Pine Agroforestry Using LoRaWAN and IoT Technology

Microclimate monitoring in agroforestry is very important to understand the complex interactions between vegetation, soil, and the environment. Microclimate parameters include air and soil temperature, air humidity, soil moisture, and light intensity. This research aims to develop a new microclimate data recording system for coffee-pine agroforestry, utilizing LoRaWAN and IoT technology to capture real-time microclimate parameters. Unlike traditional data loggers that require manual download on-site, this innovative system enables instant data download from IoT servers, thereby increasing data efficiency and accessibility. The system proved effective, significantly improving the precision of air temperature and humidity, as well as soil temperature measurements, with an average accuracy of 100%. However, soil moisture and light intensity recorded lower accuracies of 81.23% and 82.56%, respectively, indicating potential areas for future research and system refinement. The system maintains a 15-minute sampling period, aligning with conventional datalogger intervals. This represents an advancement in precision agriculture for microclimate monitoring, enabling the data to be utilized in decision-making for agroforestry management, which involves complex interactions between the local microclimate and the broader ecological system. It underscores the significance of sustainable land use as a response to global climate change.

The methodology for adaptive modeling and forecasting nonlinear and nonstationary processes

The study is directed towards development of systemic methodology for modeling and forecasting nonlinear and nonstationary processes in economy, finances and other areas of human activities. There exist multiple problems that are to be solved with the data of such type practically in all areas of human activities: such as constructing adequate models including estimation and forecasting state of a system under investigation; technical, economic and medical diagnostics; automatic control in technologies; moving objects control; financial and other risk estimation and management; risk factor interaction; control and monitoring of microclimate in greenhouses and industrial enterprises; decision making support in business; dynamic strategic planning in production; providing stability for critical economic infrastructure etc. The structure and parameter adaptation procedures for the regression and probabilistic models are proposed as well as respective information system architecture and functional layout are developed. The system development is based on the system analysis principles such as hie­rarchical architecture of the system, adaptive approach to model structure estimation, optimization of model parameter estimation procedures, functional completeness of the system providing for autonomous operation of the system, identification and taking into consideration of possible uncertainties available in the process of data processing and mathematical model development, application of appropriate sets of quality criteria that are guarantying high quality of intermediate and final results of data analysis. The possible uncertainties are inherent to data collecting, model constructing and forecasting procedures, and play the role of negative influence factors to the computational procedures of proposed information system. Reduction of their influence is favorable for enhancing the quality of intermediate and final results of computations. The illustrative examples of practical application of the methodology developed proving the system functionality are provided.

Thermal assessments at local and micro scales during hot summer days: a case study of Belgrade (Serbia)

Increasing thermal risk in cities is endangering the health and well-being of urban population and is driven by climate change and intensive urbanization. Therefore, if we plan to enlarge the capacities of cities to be more climate resilient in the 21st century, more detailed monitoring of urban climate on local and micro scales is needed. For this research we performed two microclimate measurement campaigns in urban area of Belgrade, during hot summer days in 2021. In total, five measurement sites were chosen in different urban designs and different local climate zones (LCZs). For thermal monitoring (air temperature – Ta and globe temperature – Tg) the Kestrel heat stress tracker sensor with 1-min measurement resolution was used, but we used 10-min average values. Obtained results showed distinct thermal differences (up to 7 °C on average) between densely built-up areas and green areas. Differences between built-up LCZs are lower with values from 2 to 4 °C. Important part of this research was microclimate monitoring on sites within the same LCZ (intra-LCZ variability). Results showed that shadows and short- and longwave radiation play a paramount role in thermal variability. Direct and reflected radiations on one measurement site increased Ta up to 6 °C and Tg up to 12 °C when compared to other measurement site (in a similar urban design), which was in the shadow.

A study on microclimate monitoring and control inside greenhouse using fans automation

<span>Efficient microclimate management is crucial in enhancing crop yields in greenhouses. Factors like temperature, relative humidity, and ultraviolet (UV) index significantly impact crop quality. The absence of adequate ventilation mechanisms in greenhouses presents a challenge for temperature regulation. This study proposes a solution for tropical greenhouses by designing a system that automatically activates fans when temperatures rise above 30 °C. This system regulates temperature and cultivates optimal growth conditions for crops. It is supported by a web page that enables monitoring and adjustment of microclimate data. To accommodate individual crop requirements, the minimum temperature threshold for fan activation can be modified, enhancing the system's adaptability. The impact of the UV index on greenhouse temperature is also considered. The automation system decreases the temperature by around ±3 °C when the UV index hits 10. Nonetheless, its cooling impact wanes beyond the UV index of 10. A greenhouse automation system, equipped with fans and internet access, proves quite useful for agricultural environment management. It tackles the temperature control issue and offers varied solutions.</span>

Determinants of subjective outdoor thermal comfort in an urban historic and cultural heritage landscape in Xi’an, China

ABSTRACT In this study, we investigated factors related to subjective outdoor thermal comfort in the Ancient Ming Dynasty Walled City in Xi’an, China. Environmental data were collected from study sites by microclimate monitoring. Survey locations, demographics, psychological characteristics, thermal sensation vote (TSV), and thermal comfort vote (TCV) data were collected from 639 individuals in a questionnaire survey. Generalized linear regression analysis and path analysis were used to understand the associations between the TSV, environmental and psychological factors, and TCV. We found that green space locations, higher age, and greater subjective well-being and environmental satisfaction were associated with increased TCV. The universal thermal climate index was associated with TCV, and this association could have been affected by the individual’s psychological state. Our findings suggest that environmental factors and psychological factors had non-negligible effects on the subjective thermal comfort of individuals located in an open urban area with historical and cultural significance.

Semi-embedded flexible multifunctional sensor for on-site continuous monitoring of plant microclimate

The excellent stretchability and biocompatibility of flexible sensors have inspired an emerging field of plant wearables that enable intimate contact with plants to monitor growth status and local microclimate in real-time continuously. Flexible plant wearables provide a promising platform for the development of plant phenotypes. In this work, we have fabricated several plant wearables that can harmlessly and continuously monitor leaf temperature/humidity, which are critical parameters for analyzing the physiological status and microclimate of plants. Credited to the unique semi-embedded design and the selected biocompatible materials, we achieve ultrathin sensors with a conductive layer thickness of 7 μm, exhibiting excellent electrical conductivity with 9.43 × 106 S/m, bendability and fatigue resistance with 0.99 % change rate after 10,000 cyclic bending tests, enabling on-site and non-destructive testing. These plant wearables can be used as a non-invasive, high-throughput, low-cost toolbox with excellent potential for phenotypic analysis.

Tactical urban pocket parks (TUPPs) for subjective and objective multi-domain comfort enhancement

Cities face growing anthropogenic overheating phenomena, such as Urban Heat Island Effect and more intense and frequent heatwaves, impacting livability and wellbeing of local citizens and tourists. To mitigate such effects, passive mitigation strategies have been widely studied in the past decades, to be integrated within the built environment. The insertion of green areas, i.e. parks, in urban areas is among the most common passive strategies, however it presents numerous challenges, as traditional parks are difficult to insert in an existing packed urban texture. Hence, in this study, we examine the significance of strategic small urban parks related to various construction types. These parks can be seamlessly integrated through tactical urbanism interventions to enhance both the objective and subjective perception of overall comfort. By coupling human-centric microclimate monitoring campaigns in the small parks and surrounding blocks (objective analysis) with questionnaire surveys to parks’ users (subjective multidomain analysis) we aim at assessing their effectiveness. Results show that Tactical Urban Pocket Parks (TUPP) can slightly improve objective whole comfort and significantly enhance the improvement of subjective comfort (from neutral/bad to good/very good).

A system for monitoring the microclimate parameters of premises based on the Internet of Things and edge devices

Recent years have been characterized by the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) and edge device technologies. Systems of various purposes with IoT elements and edge devices are increasingly finding practical use in people’s lives, the IoT element base is expanding and improving, which makes it possible to develop effective measuring systems, including those with feedback control. An essential role in ensuring people’s lives is played by the microclimate of the premises where people live, work, and study. As you know, the excess or decrease of the environmental microclimate relative to the norm negatively affects the physiological state of a person, his performance, and concentration and reduces the efficiency of work and training. Therefore, in this work, the problem of round-the-clock monitoring of the microclimate of classrooms is solved by developing an autonomous IoT system using edge devices to measure climatic parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide level in the air, and the concentration of light air ions with data recording on a smartphone and saving on a remote server. The principles of building microclimate monitoring systems are presented, the requirements for the system are set, the criteria for choosing the elemental base and the technical characteristics of each component are given. The structure of the air ion concentration sensor developed by the author and the method of measuring the air ion concentration in the room are also described. The structural diagram of the developed microclimate parameters monitoring system is also presented. The development is part of a system for studying the influence of microclimate parameters on the physiological state of applicants for education. The results obtained in the work will allow development measures to ensure the necessary normal conditions for training in confined spaces. Research conducted using the developed system will allow better formation of student learning conditions in order to achieve maximum performance indicators.

Outdoor thermal perception in the semi-arid climate of Constantine, Algeria: A field survey during the post-COVID-19

The purpose of the paper was to assess pedestrians' thermal perception, in the semi-arid climate of Constantine, Algeria, with particular emphasis on the protocols implemented in public spaces during the post-COVID-19. Three outdoor public spaces were selected in August 2021 to conduct a field study involving 254 respondents, randomly assigned. The adopted approach combined objective and subjective assessment, as well as numerical simulations using ENVI-met. Accordingly, microclimate monitoring and a questionnaire survey were carried out simultaneously from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. in each study site. A strong association was found between the combined microclimate parameters (objective variables) and thermal sensation of the surveyors with (R2 = 0.74). Besides, Kruskal-Wallis H test revealed that the subjective thermal sensation was significantly influenced (p-value <0.05) by thermal history and purpose of visit (subjective variables). Most interviewees preferred ‘move to shade’ measure as a remedial behavior to reduce their thermal discomfort. Further, a neutral temperature of 22.7 °C PET was obtained by a linear regression between the Mean Thermal Sensation Votes (MTSV) and Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET), the comfort range was estimated between 18.6 °C ≤ PET≤ 26.8 °C during summer. Regarding the COVID-19 pandemic effects, the Chi-square test suggests that the frequency of pedestrian visits was statistically independent of the imposed pandemic measures. However, the planned activities were affected by social distancing and the use of face masks increases pedestrians' thermal discomfort. Overall, the study highlights the significance of environmental and non-environmental factors to improve outdoor thermal comfort, and ensure human well-being.

Urban microclimate simulations based on GIS data to mitigate thermal hot-spots: Tree design scenarios in an industrial area of Florence

Surface thermal hot-spot areas, and especially industrial and commercial areas, mainly characterized by high artificial surfaces and low vegetation coverages, consistently affect the livability in urban areas. In this study, one of the warmest areas of Florence (Italy), the main agri-food market was selected to perform three tree design mitigation scenarios: a) mitigation intervention by using 5-m high trees (T5), b) intervention with 10-m high trees (T10) and c) intervention alternating 5- and 10-m high trees (T5-10). The methodology was based on the microclimate monitoring and simulation by urban characterization, involving open GIS data from different data sources by using spatial software tools (QGIS and the ENVI-met software). Thermal patterns (air Temperature, AT; Mean Radiant Temperature, MRT; Surface Temperature, ST; Universal Thermal Climate Index, UTCI) were simulated at 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. by the three scenarios and were then compared through a non-parametric statistical test with the ex-ante thermal situation. The results revealed that a 10% increase in the tree canopy on road surfaces had a significant impact on the thermal environment, showing the greatest effect at the surface level. The greatest cooling impact was observed during the afternoon (3 p.m.) considering the T10 three design scenario: MRT, ST and UTCI decreased by 6.0 °C, 4.1 °C and 1.7 °C respectively when compare to the ex-ante situation. These findings provide very useful information for urban planners and landscape architects to plan targeted interventions aimed at mitigating urban thermal anomalies in industrial areas.