Cooperative Monitoring Research Articles

Cooperative monitoring and dissemination of urban events supported by dynamic clustering of vehicles

Critical urban events take places at a random way and they need to be dealt with by public authorities quickly to maintain the proper operation of cities. The main challenges for an efficient handling fall in the random nature of the event, and in the speed and accuracy of its notification to the authority. The pervasiveness of vehicles in the cities, and their communication and monitoring capabilities, allow VANETs to support the dissemination and handling of such events. Thus, this work proposes MINUET, a dynamic system to support the monitoring and dissemination of urban events, which operates in a VANET. It uses a cooperative-based strategy where vehicles dynamically coordinate the monitoring and dissemination of events in real time by the means of clusters. A performance comparative analysis in NS3 with a target tracking approach shows the efficiency of MINUET regarding the real-time monitoring, the dissemination of urban event data and data availability at the destination in dense and sparse networks.

A cooperative camera surveillance method based on the principle of coarse-fine coupling boresight adjustment

Visual surveillance systems play a vital role in smart manufacturing scenes. In this paper, a cooperative camera surveillance method is proposed based on the coarse-fine coupling boresight adjustment principle. A master-slave camera cooperative monitoring model is established by combining a high-resolution camera with a large-field camera, the former of which is embedded with a Risley prism pair to perform high-precision boresight pointing for monitoring a local target, while the latter can observe a wide scene and guide the former to catch a region of interest. An effective boresight adjustment strategy is put forward with a method of combining fast convergence and iterative refinement. A calibration method of the master-slave camera is proposed with the combination of binocular vision and equivalent motion plane. The error distribution, adjustment efficiency and tracking accuracy of the dual field monitoring are analyzed in detail to reveal the mapping mechanism between imaging feedback and boresight adjustment. In the surveillance experiment, the root-mean-square tracking error of the fine tracking camera can achieve better than 7.04 pixels, while the adjustment steps only need about 10 times, which validates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method in industrial operation surveillance.

An Efficient Distributed Area Division Method for Cooperative Monitoring Applications with Multiple UAVs

An Efficient Distributed Area Division Method for Cooperative Monitoring Applications with Multiple UAVs

An Efficient Distributed Area Division Method for Cooperative Monitoring Applications with Multiple UAVs

This article addresses the area division problem in a distributed manner providing a solution for cooperative monitoring missions with multiple UAVs. Starting from a sub-optimal area division, a distributed online algorithm is presented to accelerate the convergence of the system to the optimal solution, following a frequency-based approach. Based on the “coordination variables” concept and on a strict neighborhood relation to share information (left, right, above and below neighbors), this technique defines a distributed division protocol to determine coherently the size and shape of the sub-area assigned to each UAV. Theoretically, the convergence time of the proposed solution depends linearly on the number of UAVs. Validation results, comparing the proposed approach with other distributed techniques, are provided to evaluate and analyze its performance following a convergence time criterion.

A Constitutional Study on the Commercialization of Drone and the Violation of Privacy Rights

본 연구에서는 드론의 상용화와 프라이버시권의 침해라는 두 가지 요소를 놓고 프라이버시권의 침해유형을 분석하고 이에 대한 해결방안을 제시하려고 노력하였다. 첫째, 논의의 기초로서 드론과 프라이버시권의 침해에 대하여 드론의 프라이버시권에 대한 침해의 의의와 보호내용을 확인하고, 드론의 침해유형을 검토하였다. 드론이 프라이버시권을 침해하는데는 아직 프라이버시권을 보호하는 법적ㆍ정책적 제도의 미비와 드론 운용자의 프라이버시권 침해에 대한 인식이 부족한 것으로 나타났고, 공공기관이나 언론기관도 아직은 드론의 기능과 효용에만 집중하여 있는 것으로 보였다. 침해의 유형으로는 국가 등 공공목적에 의한 상시적 국가감시사회로 진입하지 않을까 하는 염려가 있었다. 가장 빈번하게 침해가 발생하는 것은 역시 언론기관이었는데 언론기관의 침해는 곧 언론의 우월한 인식으로부터 출발한 것임을 지적하였다. 둘째, 드론 저널리즘과 프라이버시권에 대한 검토에서 드론 저널리즘과 언론의 미래를 살펴보았는데 특히 드론 저널리즘과 취재의 자유의 포섭범위에 대하여 취재의 자유가 독립적인 기본권인가, 아니면 언론의 자유에 포섭되는 권리인지에 대한 논의에 있어 취재의 자유가 곧 언론의 자유가 아니라는 것을 지적하고, 취재의 자유의 한계는 법률상 권리에 불과하다는 것을 확인한다. 셋째, 드론의 감시사회의 위험과 위법하게 취득한 정보의 사회적 가치에 대한 논의에서 감시의 유형을 파악하고, 감시의 유형에는 보호목적의 감시와 권력유지의 수단으로서의 감시, 그리고 질서유지를 위한 상호협조적 감시도 있었다. 보호적 감시와 상호협조적 감시는 필요하지만 엄격한 법제도 하에 프라이버시권을 침해하지 않도록 주의를 게을리 하지 말아야 하고, 권력유지 수단으로서의 감시는 지양해야함을 지적한다. 또 취재과정에서 위법하게 취득한 정보의 사회적 가치와 그에 따르는 법적책임에 대하여 논하였고, 위법성 판단범위에 대해서는 미국과 우리 법원의 판례를 예로 들어 공인이론과 공적 관심사에 대한 위법성 조각사유에 대하여 논의하였다.This study tried to present potential solutions based on the situation that it is analyzing the type of privacy infringement against commercialization of drone uses. First of all, as a basis for the discussion, this study went through to verify the meaning of privacy infringement in using drone as well as rights of drone use. In addition, this has reviewed the types of privacy infringement in using drone. It was found that the use of drones were still lacking in the operator’s awareness in privacy infringement and the legal and policy systems in using drone while public and media organizations seemed to focus only on functions and effective values of drone. One of the infringement type was feared to enter a state-monitoring society on the reason of public purposes. The most frequent violation was happened in mass-media organizations, which pointed out that it has originated by the superior perception of the media. Secondly, we looked at the future of drone journalism and the media in the drone journalism and privacy rights, particularly, it is pointing out that the difference between the freedom of press and freedom of coverage over the scope of drone journalism, Thus, it is confirmed that the freedom of speech is only a legal right while ignoring the privacy rights of people who are exposed from aerial shot. Thirdly, the study needs to identify the discussion of the social value in the monitoring society of drones and the type of monitoring towards many and unspecified persons. It also needs to find the risk of monitoring society that may occurred from illegally acquired information. More deeply into the matter of social monitoring have been analyzed for a monitoring for protection purposes, monitoringas a means of maintaining political power and mutual cooperative monitoring for maintaining social order. It points out that protective and cooperative monitoring is necessary, but caution should not be neglected so as not to infringe on privacy rights under a strict legal system, and monitoring as a means of maintaining political power should be avoided. This study is discussed the legal liability and social value from illegally acquired information of using drone, in the course of the press and the scope of our court s judgment on illegality which is cited by the cases of the U.S. and Korean court, as an example of the reasons for the circumstances precluding wrongfulness in public interest.

ЕАЭС: ПРИОРИТЕТ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА ГОСУДАРСТВ ЕВРАЗИЙСКОГО ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО СОЮЗА

The article is devoted to the important problem of the industrial development in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union in the context of the transition to the third stage of its development since mid-2014. In this regard, the authors analyzed the main directions of the industrial policies of member countries and their priority sectors. Criteria for the selection of industries are formulated in the Treaty on the EAEU, focused on the industrial policy and cooperation of the member countries of the Union and agreed upon with them by the document «Main Directions of Industrial Cooperation within the EAEU». On this basis, the article considers problems in this area and ways to solve them. The specifics of the policy of import substitution of export growth of manufacturing products and innovative products of member countries are revealed. The importance of annual monitoring of cooperation and the implementation of their projects is emphasized. The importance of creating discussion platforms on the EAEU common industry markets has been revealed.

Cooperation and Partnership in Science and Technology in Modern Russia

The paper is about main trends of cooperation activity in research and development in Russia nowadays. It is focused on types of cooperation and types of partners in joint projects. Special attention is paid to cooperation in manufacturing. This makes it possible to diagnose possible points of innovation growth, that is, types of manufacturing activities that are of interest to both Russian and foreign partners. The study of the partnership in the dynamics allowed us to see a reduction in the share of suppliers of equipment, raw and materials in joint projects, as well as the share of consulting firms. To study the factors that have a decisive influence on the cooperation activity of organizations, a logit model is created. It shows that the probability of cooperation increases with the growth of novelty of the created advanced production technologies, innovation and patent activity of enterprises. The proposed aggregate indicator of cooperation activity can provide regular monitoring of cooperation and partnership in R&D.

An overview of management and monitoring of harmful algal blooms in the northern part of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea (Hormuzgan Province).

Algal bloom as a common phenomenon in the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman had catastrophic effects on environmental, social, economic, and human health aspects from 2008 to 2009. Since 2008, the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman Ecological Research Institute (PGSOERI) has monitored and managed algal blooms in the Hormuzgan coast along the northern Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman. Management strategies have included regular monitoring of chlorophyll, water quality, and remote sensing. In this regard, relevant departments and the Regional Organization for Protection of Marine Environment (ROPME) collaborated with each other to prevent and forecast algal blooms. We reviewed historical and current monitoring, mitigation, and management systems of algal blooms in the Hormuzgan coast. In addition, complications and challenges of algal bloom monitoring and management were also discussed. Documenting algal bloom monitoring and research, improving forecasting and modeling of blooms, educating the public and fishermen, developing a cooperative monitoring framework, and controlling pollution input entering the ROPME region are the main challenges of algal bloom management in the Hormuzgan coast.

Cooperative monitoring, assessment, and management of fish spawning aggregations and associated fisheries in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico

Many species of inshore, coastal, and reef fishes in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico (GOM) aggregate to spawn at specific sites and times. These fish spawning aggregations (FSAs) can be highly vulnerable to concentrated fishing pressure, which can have detrimental effects on entire stocks and ecosystems. There has been only limited research and management attention on FSAs in the U.S. GOM. We synthesized available information on FSA locations, spawning seasonality, and fisheries management for 28 regionally important species known or likely to form FSAs in the U.S. GOM. We identified and mapped 22 multi-species FSA sites which all fall within areas predicted from recently published FSA distribution models. But the number of known sites is probably far less than the number that actually exist. Only three of the 22 (13%) FSA sites were located within no-take marine protected areas and none were in state waters. Management measures (e.g., seasonal closures or gear restrictions) to protect spawning fishes are also limited, particularly in state waters. We recommend expanded cooperative research efforts to characterize FSAs in the U.S. GOM in order to assist managers in prioritizing sites and seasons for additional protection. Important multi-species FSAs can be incorporated in a network of monitored and managed “sentinel” sites. These efforts should build stakeholder engagement in the management process, generate data that can be used to improve fisheries stock assessments, contribute to developing ecosystem-based fisheries management approaches, and confer resilience to important fisheries stocks and ecosystems of the U.S. GOM.

Associations between Swiss Needle Cast Severity and Foliar Nutrients in Young-Growth Douglas-Fir in Coastal Western Oregon and Southwest Washington, USA

Abstract Swiss needle cast (SNC) is a foliage disease of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) caused by Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii, an ascomycete fungus (Mycosphaerellaceae) that causes tree growth reductions in the Pacific Northwest. The epidemiology of the fungus is generally well known, but the relations between disease expression and foliar nutrition are unclear. In this study, we used data from the Swiss Needle Cast Cooperative research and monitoring plot network in western Oregon and SW Washington to assess associations between SNC severity, carbon, and nine foliage nutrients (nitrogen, Na, K, P, Ca, Mg, Mn, Al, S). Foliage samples were collected from midcrown of selected Douglas-firs from each plot. SNC severity was determined on 2-year-old needles by multiplying disease incidence and fungal reproductive (pseudothecia) density. Disease severity and nutrient relations were determined using linear mixed models. SNC severity showed statistically significant positive trends with concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, Na, K, and S, no relation with concentrations of Ca, Mg, or Al, and slightly negative trends that were not significant for P and Mn. This is the first such analysis of associations between a conifer foliage disease and foliage nutrients across a landscape; subsequently, there is little published literature on how or why these nutrients may interact with disease.

The CARICOMP Network of Caribbean Marine Laboratories (1985–2007): History, Key Findings, and Lessons Learned

Caribbean Coastal Marine Productivity (CARICOMP) was a basin-wide cooperative, international network of marine laboratories established in 1985. Recognizing major trends of change in coastal ecosystems and the importance of the linkages among them, our goal was to monitor synoptically with standardized methods the physical environment and to document trends in measures of the structure and functioning of coral reefs, seagrasses and mangroves. Between 1985 and 1993, the CARICOMP Steering Committee established a data management center and wrote a methods manual. Marine laboratories joined the program by appointing a Site Director and signing an agreement specifying the cost sharing and responsibilities of the laboratory. With significant outside funding in 1993, the program became fully functional and ultimately more than 30 institutions in 21 Caribbean countries participated. Monitoring lasted from 1992 to 2007, spanning many technological advances including the internet, automated in situ data logging and remote sensing. Annual CARICOMP meetings, organized at a different laboratory each year, were essential in standardization of methods and maintaining interest. Open access to the data was a goal from the start, although the members imposed an embargo to allow time to publish major results. At some of the sites, monitoring continues to this day, generating among the longest coastal monitoring data sets in the Caribbean, and possibly in the world. Over time, multi-authored papers were prepared for the Proceedings of the International Coral Reef Symposia and other journals, and independent scientists drew on the open database for regional analyses of ecosystem trends. Recently, active members have written summary papers based on the monitoring data covering physical parameters, coral reefs, seagrasses and mangroves. Overall, the data reveal major differences across the region and changing rates and trends showing the dynamism and vulnerability of coastal ecosystems. The longer the monitoring continues, the more valuable the dataset becomes as a tool to discern the underlying factors driving the structure and functioning of Caribbean coastal ecosystems. Several recent workshops have concluded that the need for regionally cooperative monitoring and research has never been greater.

Legitimate Monitoring via Cooperative Relay and Proactive Jamming

With the development of communication technologies, many suspicious communication technologies have also been greatly improved. Therefore, one single monitor may not be able to afford in a monitoring process. In this paper, we propose a wireless communication system using two legitimate monitors for cooperative monitoring program, in which the signals sent by two monitors are respectively designed. One monitor is used as the cooperative relay, which is mainly used to improve the overall information transmission rate. The other monitor, which simultaneously receiving suspicious information and sending jamming signals, is used to ensure the successful eavesdropping process. Our purpose is to obtain the maximum eavesdropping rate by jointly design the transmit beamforming of two monitors. Two cases that the channel state information (CSI) is perfectly and imperfectly known by the monitors are considered. For the perfect CSI, several cases corresponding to the different conditions about the CSI from the suspicious transmitter to two monitors are discussed. In each case, a closed-form solution of the appropriate sending strategy is obtained, in which the physical meaning is also proposed. Then, for the imperfect CSI case, by employing the S-procedure method, we reformulate the robust beamforming design problem and solve it optimally. Finally, in the simulation results, the comparison between the cooperative monitoring scheme and the single monitoring scheme demonstrates that the proposed scheme is better in terms of eavesdropping rate.

АНАЛИЗ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ОСНОВ РАЗВИТИЯ КООПЕРАТИВНОГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ

The article investigates the main reasons for the low level of cooperative entrepreneurship in Russia. A historical review of the state of the cooperative movement of pre-revolutionary Russia is also given. The analysis is based on studies conducted by the International cooperative Alliance, such as the world cooperative monitoring and calculations of the Cooperative economic index. The interrelation between the level of development of the state, democratic, cultural, social, economic institutions and the level of development of cooperatives in the country is considered. It is also noted that Russia until 1917 and before the absolutization of state property, was a world leader in the number of cooperatives and their impact on the development of various economic sectors. The article presents an attempt to explain the small number of cooperative enterprises in the country through the indicators of Hofstede cultural dimensions used to assess differences between Nations and cultures in the organization and conduct of economic activities. Also, in order to assess the institutional environment for the development of cooperative entrepreneurship in the country the author studied: the indicator of the ease of opening and doing business in the country (Doing Business); the indicator of the quality of public administration (Governance Indicators); the indicator of socio-economic stratification (Gini Coefficient); the Democracy Index (Democracy Index). The basic institutional reasons for the low development of cooperative entrepreneurship in the country are identified.

Special section on the Cooperative Monitoring Program of Ariake Sea (COMPAS)

Special section on the Cooperative Monitoring Program of Ariake Sea (COMPAS)

Prototype Survey of Path Planning and Obstacle Avoidance in UAV Systems

In recent years, have seen rapidly growing interest with implementation and development of different type of networks of multiple unnamed aerial vehicles (UAV), as aerial sensor networks for inter co-operative monitoring, surveillance monitoring and rapid emergency response for communication. This is an emerging concept in real time communicative networks. Path detection, planning and obstacle avoidance is the aggressive representation for unnamed aerial vehicles in indoor environments. There are many techniques/approaches are introduced to evaluate above features for real time communicative environments. So in this paper, we discuss about those techniques implementation procedure and brief description regarding obstacle avoidance, multi-point interaction to track the location in wireless network communications. This paper analysis most successful path detection, planning and other reference based methods with successive description in real time scenario. Furthermore, a comprehensive with comparable result analysis of each path planning technique by considering their implementation in time complexity and other parameters in real time communicative networks.

Monitoring of transboundary water cooperation: Review of Sustainable Development Goal Indicator 6.5.2 methodology

Water is central to sustainable development; making transboundary cooperation among riparians a core aspect of Agenda 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). SDG 6 on water and sanitation includes an indicator, SDG Indicator 6.5.2, to assess cooperation over transboundary waters by measuring the “Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation.” The definitions developed by the methodology for calculating the Indicator have the potential to significantly impact the resulting structure and type of cooperation that are assessed and that will develop. Indeed, the composition of this indicator will both directly and indirectly influence water diplomacy, international policy, and water law. In this research, we analyze the methodology for assessing SDG Indicator 6.5.2, examine how operational cooperative arrangements are defined, and identify the strengths and limitations of the method for measuring transboundary water cooperation. This is done by simulating the application of the methodology and calculating the Indicator in three national case studies (Bangladesh, Honduras, and Uganda) and in a global overview. The unequal distribution regionally of operational cooperation is evident, as well as the gap in coverage between transboundary surface waters and aquifers. However, the normative and binary nature of the Indicator obscures the political complexity of establishing cooperative processes and has the potential to present a false depiction of the extent of cooperation that is occurring over shared waters. In this article, we also discuss bias that can be introduced with using surface area as a metric to assess cooperation that results in weighting larger basins and aquifers over smaller basins in the calculation of the Indicator. This paper presents a basis for further analysis of SDG Indicator 6.5.2 and the possible adaptations of the Indicator design to better assess transboundary water cooperation.

Cooperative monitoring and numerical investigation on the stability of the south slope of the Fushun west open-pit mine

The south slope of the Fushun west open-pit mine in China is geologically complex and is a high-steep rock slope. In recent years, a larger deformation has appeared in the south slope, with the gradual formation of a potential landsliding block that is estimated to be over 300 m3. The east and south boundaries of the block have been identified using different monitoring techniques. However the west boundary has not yet been clearly delineated, a situation which undermines safety assessments and the slope management of the mine. The focus of this was on how the microseismic technology, DInSAR technique and the numerical method are used to determine the shape and formation of the west boundary of the potential sliding block. We found that the upper part of west boundary as determined by numerical simulation is concordant with that determined by microseismic monitoring. The surface deformation area coincides with the DInSAR monitoring results and damage area based on in situ observations. Numerical simulation provides supplementary information on the distribution of stress and the formation process of the west boundary that cannot be observed directly on-site. The microseismic monitoring system was able to capture the progressive rupture of the west boundary during the deformation of the block. The cooperative monitoring strategy together with the numerical simulation can delineate the sliding surface and provide a method for a comprehensive assessment of the slope stability of other similar open-pit mines.

Mobile jammer localization and tracking in multi-hop wireless network

The shared nature and open access to the wireless medium make the wireless network vulnerable to different kinds of security threats. Jamming attack may pose a significant threat to the wireless network by occupying the communication channel used by legal nodes. To tackle this security threat, a few anti-jamming schemes have been put forward, such as channel hopping, spatial retreat, etc. Among these strategies, jammer localization has attracted much attention in recent years since it is very helpful for jamming-avoidance routing or even jammer elimination. However, existing algorithms mainly focus on the localization of the stationary jammer, which fail to cope with the scenario where mobile one exists. Besides, the cooperative assumption in sensor localization and object tracking problems in cooperative network configurations will not hold for the jammer localization scenario since jamming attacks can seriously affect normal network transmission. In order to bridge this gap, a Mobile Jammer Localization and Tracking Scheme (MJLTS) is put forward, which contains four steps, i.e., Initial monitoring nodes selection, Cooperative nodes determination, Trilateration localization and Monitoring group handover. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, a series of simulation experiments have been conducted. Experimental results show that MJLTS can locate and track mobile jammer effectively and accurately.

The Global Approach to Migration and Mobility

Since the Treaty of Amsterdam, the EU has developed several instruments delineating cooperation with third countries in the management of migration, borders and asylum in the so-called Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM). Under the ‘more for more’ mechanism, the EU tries to persuade third countries to strengthen their border controls, restrict their visa policy and readmit irregular migrants with incentives such as trade benefits, visa facilitation or financial support. In its Partnership Framework of 2016, the Commission announced a more pro-active approach by shifting its emphasis from the ‘more for more’ to the ‘less for less’ mechanism, including leverages and tools of all other policy areas. This article analyses the overall objectives of the GAMM (which are promoting fundamental rights and achieving an equal partnership) and the content of its four pillars. While elaborating on the potential impact on the policies in third countries and the human rights of migrants, it concludes that due to the paradoxical objectives, the cooperation has the potential to create counterproductive effects and an incoherent foreign policy. The absence of criteria on human rights for the selection of partner countries as well as the lack of a mechanism on monitoring or suspension of such cooperation lowers the chance of an adequate response in case of human rights violations. With these considerations in mind, the article explores the content and impact of the EU-Turkey deal and answers the question if it serves as a blueprint for a new generation of readmission agreements with other countries. The author concludes that due to the lack of mutual benefits and the differences in human rights standards and practices, transferring the responsibility of refugees to third countries will not prove effective and compliant with EU standards.

Ubiquitous Flying Sensor Antennas: Radiofrequency Identification Meets Micro Drones

Tag-copter is an architecture of dynamic and self-relocating sensor devices originating from the synergy between sensor-oriented radiofrequency identification (RFID) and the emerging micro air vehicles technology. Tag-copters integrate a low-cost nano multi-copter with a miniaturized RFID data-logger antenna for the ubiquitous and cooperative monitoring of indoor volumes as well as of harsh environments. This concept is preliminary exploited by means of a theoretical formulation to derive the upper-bound performance of a flying “winged sensor.” The analysis addresses the sensing accuracy versus the flight speed and the reliability of the on-the-flight data exchange with a fixed base-station through backscattering modulation. A first working 16 g prototype, capable of temperature measurement and storage, is experimented in a controlled setup to corroborate theoretical and experimental findings. The same device is then applied in realistic conditions concerning the temperature mapping within indoor environments. Preliminary results demonstrate that the maximum temperature measurement error is of the order of 1 °C along flight trajectories of 30 m. Finally, most of the data stored within the datalogger memory can be correctly uploaded by a flying tag-copter toward a fixed reader provided that the copter flies at approximatively 1 – 1.5 m from it.