Moniezia Sp Research Articles

Endoparasitofauna of Altai mountain sheep (Ovis ammon ammon), Siberian mountain goats (Capra sibirica) and small cattle of the Saylyugemsky National Park, Altai Republic

The theriofaunal list of wild bovids of the South-Eastern Altai includes the Altai mountain sheep (Ovis ammon ammon), as well as the Siberian mountain goat (Capra sibirica). The predominant types of farm animals in the Altai Republic are goats and sheep. Parasite fauna and the interchange between wild bovids and small cattle in these areas is not well understood. Samples were taken by employees of the Sailyugemsky National Park. At the department, V.L. Yakimov, ovoscopic and larvoscopic research methods were carried out. The calculation of the average number of eggs was carried out using a VIGIS counting chamber (VNIIP named after K.I. Skryabin). According to the results obtained, an analysis of cross-invasion was carried out. In wild bovids from 120 samples studied and in small cattle from 31 samples, endoparasites belonging to four large taxonomic groups were found: protists, trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes. In wild bovids from the group of nematodes, invasion with eggs of the genus Trichuris was established, according to morphological and morphometric characteristics, eggs of the ascarid type were found, eggs of nematodes of the order Strongylida, the genus Marshallagia, Nematodirella, Nematodirus spp., as well as larvae of the genus Protostrongylus were also found. From the group of trematodes, eggs of the species Hasstilesia ovis, as well as Dicrocoelium sp. From the group of cestodes, eggs of the genus Moniezia sp. From the group of protists, oocysts of the genus Eimeria spp. In small cattle, in contrast to wild bovids, nematodes of the genus Strongyloides sp. The number of cases of detection in small cattle of the nematode of the genus Protostrongylus sp. significantly lower than in wild bovids, and eggs of the strongylid type were more common. Also, no eggs of the trematode of the genus Dicrocoelium sp. Otherwise, the endoparasite fauna was similar to wild bovids. This study will help to compile a complete picture of the parasite fauna and cross-invasion of wild bovids and small cattle.

Identification of Parasitic Worm Eggs in Cow Feces from Sepang Bay, Lembar District, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara

Cows are one of the ruminant animals and farm animals that have a higher economic value compared to other livestock such as chickens, goats, buffalo and others, so many people build cattle farming businesses. In this case, the health of farm animals is one of the main factors that determine the successful production of cows. The study aims to detect the type of eggs from parasitic worms in cow feces and the degree of infection based on Total Standard (Egg Per Gram). Fecal sampling is done randomly from traditional breeder cows in Teluk Sepang Lembar Subdistrict. The sample number of 10 community cattle farms. Identification of the type of worm was carried out at UPTD Animal Hospital and Veterinary Laboratory of Animal Husbandry and Animal Health Office of West Nusa Tenggara Province. Furthermore, quantitative examination uses the buoyant method (Flotation method) and qualitatively with the Mc. Master method that calculates the number of eggs per gram (EPG) of feces. The results showed 6 negative samples and 4 positive samples infected with parasitic worms,and  2 types of worm eggs of the nematode class namely Trichostrongylus sp. and Chabertia ovina , and 1 species of cestoda class namely Moniezia sp. Based on the standard total EPG (Egg Per Gram) feces it is known that the degree of infection of the type of worm eggs Trichostrongylus sp., Chabertia ovina and Moniezia sp. It is low level.ÂÂ

Prevalence and level of infection by endoparasites in different categories of sheep in the Western Amazon

This study aimed to understand the epidemiology of the main gastrointestinal endoparasites affecting sheep raised in the municipality of Sena Madureira, Acre, Brazil. A total of 178 fecal samples were collected from sheep raised in an extensive system of 10 farms. The samples were grouped into lambs, ewe lambs, lambing ewes, ewes, and rams for laboratory analysis by the flotation technique for counting eggs per gram of feces (EGF), oocysts of Eimeria sp., and presence of eggs of Moniezia sp. The analyzed variables consisted of the prevalence of nematodes, cestodes, and coccidia and intensity of strongylid and coccidium infection by quantification (mean ± SE) of eggs and oocysts. Prevalence data were compared by the chi-square test and intensity of infection (mean ± SE) by the Scott-Knott test (SAEG 9.1), both with P < 0.05. The overall prevalence was 77.6%, reaching 64.15% for strongylids, 36.2% for coccidia, and 8.81% for cestodes (Moniezia sp.). Ewes had the lowest prevalence (52.5%), while lambs had a prevalence of 95.5%, not differing from the others (P < 0.05). The intensity of infection by nematodes showed that lambs had the highest EGF compared to ewes, with values of 1297±270 and 232±79, respectively. The categories lambing ewes, ewes, and rams presented an average EGF below what is indicated for treatment with drugs. The highest intensity of infection was observed for ewe lambs (5859±3648), exceeding acceptable rates. Sheep raised in Sena Madureira has a high prevalence for verminosis by strongylids and a low prevalence for coccidiosis and cestodiasis. Young animal categories present a high health risk for endoparasitoses, and management measures that collaborate with the prophylaxis and control of these diseases should be adopted.

Epizootology of helminthosis in cattle in Gorny Altai

The purpose of the research: is to conduct a comparative assessment of the infection of cattle with helminths and the structure of helminthic complexes in various natural provinces of Gorny Altai.Materials and methods. Coproovolarvoscopic examinations of about 2.4 thousand of cattle from various farms of the Altai Republic were carried out. Based on their results, the animal’s infection (the prevalence of infection, PI, %) with helminths in various natural provinces was characterized. The structural indices of various taxa of helminths (SI) have been calculated, which reflect their weight in the structure of the parasite complex.Results and discussion. Cattle in the Altai Republic are mostly infected with nematodes (51.4%). The indicators of the animal infection with trematodes and cestodes were significantly lower and amounted to 17.4 and 5.2% respectively. Nematodes dominate in the structure of animal helminthocenosis in various provinces. Their total SI varies from 66.8 to 76.8. The classes of trematodes and cestodes account for 8.8–26.3 and 4.5–14.4 respectively. The maximum SI was registered in Strongylata of the digestive tract (45.2), the subdominant position is occupied by trematodes: Dicrocelium sp. (SI – 13.2) and Fasciola hepatica (SI – 11.5). Moniezia sp. SI was quite low and amounted to 4.7.

Parasite commonality at Swamp Deer (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Cervidae: Rucervus duvaucelii duvaucelii) and livestock interface

Interactions between wildlife and livestock have increased over time with increased anthropogenic pressure on limited available natural habitats. These interactions have resulted in sharing of pathogens between the species resulting in impacting the wild animals’ fitness and reproduction and further influencing their abundance and diversity. The spatial overlap between Swamp Deer and livestock was studied at Jhilmil Jheel Conservation Reserve (JJCR), Uttarakhand and Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS), Uttar Pradesh in India, having different levels of interaction with livestock. The prevalence, load and commonality of gastro-intestinal parasites in the species was studied through coprological examination. Parasitic ova of Strongyle sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Fasciola sp., and Moniezia sp. Amphistomes were encountered in swamp deer and livestock from both the sites. The parasitic species richness and prevalence however, varied between JJCR and KWLS. The study recorded significant differences between the parasitic load in Swamp Deer with the eggs per gram of 487.5±46.30 at JJCR and 363.64±49.97 at KWLS at varying levels of livestock interactions.

Oesophagostomosis, moniaziasis and trichuriasis of small ruminants slaughtered in north-western, Nigeria

Gastro-intestinal helminths have been recognised as a major constraint to both small and large-scale small ruminants production in developing countries. The study was carried out in north-western Nigeria to determine the prevalence and adult worm burden of intestinal helminths of small ruminants. A cross-sectional study was carried out in small ruminants for the period of 12 months. For this study, the intestines (small and large intestines) were collected from 300 small ruminants (200 goats and 100 sheep) at necropsy and examined by the Hansen and Perry method. Out of the 300 small ruminants examined during the study period, the intestines revealed the presence of Oesophagostomum sp, Trichuris sp and Moniezia sp with prevalence rate of 13.3%, 40.7% and 22% respectively. The mean adult worn burden for Oesophagostomum sp, Trichuris sp and Moniezia sp were 18.35±5.546 (1-108), 9.459±1.623 (1-29) and 10.02±1.502 (2-29) respectively. Considering the sex of the small ruminants, the prevalence for Trichuris sp (44.9% in male and 28% in female) being the most prevalent followed respectively by Moniezia sp (22.2% in male and 28% in female) and Oesophagostomum sp (13.3% in both sexes). The mean adult worm counts were generally low in both male (21.68±10.18 Oesophagostomum sp, 8.88±1.96 Trichurisspp and 10.02±1.90 Moniezia sp) and Female (18.60±10.39 Oesophagostomum sp, 9.90±2.00 Trichuris sp and 11.47±2.00 Moniezia sp). The prevalence and the mean adult worm counts showed the same trend irrespectively of the sex, age and species of small ruminants. There was no seasonal variation in the prevalence and mean adult worm counts recovered from small ruminants, except for the prevalence of Oesphagostomum spp and Trichuris sp that was statistically significant difference between the dry season and rainy season. The study established that sheep and goats suffer from low grade infection of Oesophagostomum sp, Trichuris sp and Moniezia sp. It is therefore recommended that the pathological lesions of these parasites especially Oesophagostomum sp on the small ruminants be carried out to estimate the economic and production loses. Keywords: moniaziasis, oesophagostomosis, prevalence, small ruminant, trichuriasis and worm burden

Gastrointestinal parasites of sheep, municipality of Lajes, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

This study investigated the gastrointestinal parasitism by helminths and protozoa in sheep (Ovis aries) Santa Inês breed, municipality of Lajes, Rio Grande do Norte. Monthly, from April 2005 to August 2007, stool samples were collected from two tracer lambs in the first day of the experiment and performed a necropsy of these animals in 44th day. A total of 64 lambs were sampled, but only 62 lambs were slaughtered. The fecal samples were examined by sedimentation in water. The contents of the abomasum, small intestine and large intestine were examined for the recovery of helminths. The parasitological examination revealed eggs of the following groups of helminths: Strongyloidea, Strongyloides sp., Trichuris sp., and Moniezia sp. Also were found oocysts of Eimeria spp., cysts of Entamoeba ovis and Giardia duodenalis. The helminths identified from examining the contents were: Haemonchus contortus, Cooperia pectinata, Cooperia punctata, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Moniezia expansa, Oesophagostomum sp. Skrjabinema ovis and Trichuris sp.

Gastrointestinal Parasites of Domesticated Grasscutters (Thryonomys swinderianus) in South-western Nigeria

A total of one hundred and seventy- eight (178) faecal samples were collected for the study of domesticated grasscutters' gastrointestinal parasites, from four farms located in three states (Oyo, Ogun and Lagos) in south-western Nigeria. The faecal samples were subjected to qualitative (Direct smear , Floatation and concentration of eggs and cysts, Larva culture.) and quantita- tive (Cornell-McMaster dilution egg counting technique) examinations. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The identified parasites included 9 species of Nematodes, 1 species of Cestode and a Protozoan parasite. The Nematodes were Ascaris sp., Bunostomum sp., Strongyloides sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Oesophagostomum sp., Trichuris sp., Haemonchus sp. Nematodirus sp and Strongyles sp. The Cestode identified was Moniezia sp, while Eimeira oocyst was the only protozoan parasite isolated. The highest prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites infection was observed in grasscutters from Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (78.8%) while the least was from Agege farm (58.0%).

Prevalence of helminthes in small ruminants in Tarai region of Uttarakhand

Out of 150 small ruminants examined from villages near Pantnagar and organized farms, among them 144 animals were found positive for mixed parasitic infection, including Haemonchus sp, Paramphistomum sp, Trichuris sp. and Moniezia sp. Overall prevalence was found 96.00% in which animals from villages has more prevalence (96.15%) than organized farm (96.00%) but organized farms has more prevalence of Haemonchus sp (95.00%) than animals of villages (76.92%), overall Paramphistomum sp was found 36.00% while Trichuris sp and Moniezia sp revealed 14.00% and 12.00% prevalence, respectively.

Infestations parasitaires gastro-intestinales précoces chez la chèvre naine de Guinée (Capra reversa) à Dschang dans l'ouest du Cameroun

Une étude sur l'évolution des infestations parasitaires gastro-intestinales précoces chez la chèvre Naine de Guinée a été réalisée à Foto, un village de la périphérie de Dschang dans les Hauts Plateaux de l'ouest du Cameroun. Trente-deux chevreaux ont été suivis de 0 à 3,5 mois d'âge pendant la saison des pluies. Les fèces ont été collectées toutes les deux semaines tôt le matin. La numération des oeufs ou des oocystes a été réalisée au moyen d'une cellule de McMaster. Cinq familles de parasites gastro-intestinaux ont été identifiées: Eimeriidae (Eimeria sp.), Anoplocephalidae (Moniezia sp.), Strongyloididae (Strongyloides sp.), Trichostrongylidae (strongles) et Trichuridae (Trichuris sp.). Les parasites à courte période prépatente (Eimeria sp. et Strongyloides sp.) sont apparus les premiers. Moniezia sp. dont la période prépatente a été la plus longue a été observé le dernier. Les infestations des chevreaux ont commencé dès la fin de la deuxième semaine après la naissance. Le passage des chevreaux de l'allaitement au fourrage au début de la saison des pluies dans des zones à forte densité de population humaine a engendré parasitisme et malnutrition, affectant ainsi la production et la productivité des animaux. Des traitements dès l'âge de 3-4 semaines en anticipation des infestations avec des produits à large spectre d'action ont donc été conseillés pour assurer la survie et le bon développement des chevreaux.

Epidémiologie des nématodes gastro-intestinaux des bovins dans la région centre de la Côte d'Ivoire

De février à décembre 1997, six bovins de race N'Dama, provenant de la zone centre de savane humide de la Côte d'Ivoire, ont été autopsiés chaque mois. Quatorze espèces ou genres de parasites ont été mis en évidence: 8 nématodes, 2 trématodes, 1 cestode et 3 protozoaires. Tous les animaux étaient infestés par au moins l'une des espèces suivantes de nématodes gastrointestinaux: Haemonchus sp. (95 p. 100), Cooperia punctata (50 p. 100), Oesophagostornum radiatum (35,5 p. 100), Trichostrongylus axei (30 p. 100), Cooperia pectinata (8,1 p. 100) et Trichuris sp. (1 6 p. 100). Setaria labiatopapillosa a été rencontrée chez 30,6 p. 100 des animaux, des microfilaires chez 24,1 p. 100, des paramphistomes chez 80,6 p. 100, et Moniezia sp. chez 15 p. 100. Des trypanosomes et Babesia spp. ont été trouvés chez respectivement 11,2 et 3,6 p. 100 des animaux. Les excrétions d'oeufs et les intensités parasitaires des nématodes gastro-intestinaux ont montré des fluctuations avec des pics en mai et en septembre-octobre, périodes correspondant aux saisons des pluies. Les animaux âgés de 1-3 ans avaient des intensités parasitaires plus élevées que ceux âgés de plus de 3 ans (P < 0,05). Aucune hypobiose larvaire n'a été détectée. En dépit de conditions climatiques humides favorables, les intensités parasitaires de ces bovins de race N'Dama, provenant de systèmes d'élevage de type extensif, étaient relativement faibles. Des traitements anthelminthiques ne seraient alors justifiés que chez les jeunes animaux.

Gastrointestinal helminths of woodland and barren ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in Canada, with keys to species

A total of 21 species of parasitic helminths was recovered from wild and captive caribou. Gastrointestinal nematodes were represented by eight species of Ostertagiinae, four species of Nematodirinae, Trichostrongylus axei, T. vitrinus, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Trichuris ovis, Skrjabinema sp., and Capillaria sp. Other helminths included Dictyocaulus viviparus, Setaria yehi, and Moniezia sp. Nematodirus odocoilei, a common parasite of Odocoileus spp. is reported from caribou for the first time. Ostertagia leptospicularis is reported from North America for the first time. Illustrations and diagnostic keys are provided for the eggs, infective larvae, and adults of the gastrointestinal nematodes recovered from caribou.

Concurrent Infection of Gastro-intestinal Parasites and Bacteria Associated With Diarrhoea in Calves

Bacterio-parasitological examination of faecal samples of randomly selected 100 diarrhoeic calves aged between 10 to 180 days, were carried out to determine the parasites and bacteria associated with diarrhea in calves. These calves (either sexes and both local & cross-bred) were brought for treatment at the Bangladesh Agricultural University Veterinary Clinic, Mymensingh during the two years period from June 1999 to May 2001. Of the 100 faecal samples examined, of which 67% calves affected with different parasites and 98% with different bacteria. Of the 67 and 98 calves affected with parasites and bacteria, of which 65.67% and 61.22% had single, 29.85% and 37.76% had dual and only 3.33% and 1.02% had triple concurrent infection, respectively. Analysis of the results of bacterio-parasitic enteropathogens of 100 calves revealed that highest percentage (66%) calves were infected with concurrent parasitic and bacterial infection, followed by 18% with single bacteria, 14% with concurrent bacteria, and only 1% with concurrent parasitic infection but the faecal sample of one diarrhoeic calf showed negative for both bacteria and parasitic infections. Highest rate of gastro-intestinal nematodes (GIN) infection (48%) was recorded in calves, followed by Eimeria spp. (27%), Toxocara vitulorum (14%) and lowest (1%) with each of the Strongyloides, Paramphistomum and Moniezia sp. The clinical T. vitulorum infection was first recorded at the age of 15 days, GIN at 30 days, Strongyloides at 45 days, Paramphistomum at 150 days and Eimeria infection at 25 days. Similarly, the rate of Bacillus infection (87%) was found highest, followed by E. coli (37%), Staphylococcus (9 %) and lowest of Salmonella (5%) infection. Although the Bacillus and E. coli recorded first time at the 10 days and Staphylococcus at 30 days age of calves but Salmonella was recorded at the age of 60 days. A characteristic age specific prevalence of both parasite and bacterial enteropathogens was observed. It may be concluded from this study that concurrent infections with parasites or bacteria or both are mainly associated with diarrhea in calves. Key words: Concurrent infection; GI parasites; bacteria; diarrhea; calves doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v2i1.1935 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2004). 2 (1) : 49-54Â

Unsaponifiable lipids of Taenia taeniaeformis and Moniezia sp.

The experiments presented above show that in Taenia taeniaeformis and in Moniezia sp. cholesterol is by far the most prevalent unsaponifiable substance. In the former tapeworm it amounted to at least 98% of total unsaponifiable material, in the latter to approximately 85%. The fact that a search for friedelin in Taenia taeniaeformis was negative strengthens the assumption by Cmelik and Bartl, 1956 that the friedelin found in Taenia saginata did originate from cork stoppers. Our finding of 7-ketocholesterol in the Moniezia sample requires a comment. It is known that hot alkaline saponification of 7-ketocholesterol ester produces cholesta-3, 5-diene-7-one. 3 3 We refluxed a mixture of 7-ketocholesterol and 2% methanolic potassium hydroxide solution for one hour, i.e., under considerably milder conditions than employed by us in the saponification of the acetone soluble lipids and isolated predominantly cholesta-3,5-diene-7-one. Milburn et al., 1956 Mauthner and Suida, 1896. Since the latter compound was not present in our sample, it may be concluded that the 7-ketocholesterol was not originally present, but was formed during isolation and storage of the unsaponifiable material 4 4 Fieser et al. 1957 have isolated 7-ketocholesterol from aged and air-oxidized cholesterol. from the Moniezia sp. No trace of 7-ketocholesterol could be isolated from the unsaponifiable material of the Taenia taeniaeformis.