Money Prices Research Articles

Self-help and Way Out of Tea Drinking Brands in the Context of Economic Downturn--Taking Sexy Tea as an Example

This study examines how the tea drink brand "Sexy Tea" has successfully utilized its core competencies to cope with market changes in the context of the economic downturn. Through an innovation-oriented product strategy that skillfully combines unique flavors and innovative drinking styles, the brand has successfully broken through the framework of traditional tea drinks and established a unique position in the competitive market. Diversified marketing strategies including comprehensive online and offline promotions and weather-specific promotions have effectively increased brand exposure. Flexible channel expansion strategies, especially the use of online ordering and takeaway services, enabled Sexy Tea to successfully adapt to the trend of consumers turning to online shopping during the epidemic. In addition, the brand's differentiated pricing strategy has met the needs of consumers at different levels with more affordable prices, skillfully balancing price and value for money.

Study on the Impact of Interest Rate Marketisation on the Profitability of Chinese Commercial Banks

Interest rates play a role in regulating the allocation of resources in the financial market and can be used as the price of money. In order to allow the market to play a fundamental role in resource allocation, the reform of the socialist market economy system has been gradually launched in China since the 1990s. From the establishment of the interbank lending market in 1996 to the reform of the interest rate quotation mechanism in the loan market in 2019, the marketisation of interest rates has played an important role in the independent allocation of resources in the financial market, and is getting closer and closer to achieving the ultimate goal of interest rate marketisation. However, as the pricing power is controlled by financial institutions, the competition among the banking sector has become more and more intense. According to the financial reports of listed banks, the operating situation of the banking industry is very tough, and the return on assets has been declining, leading to the transformation of major banks to achieve greater profitability. In general, exploring the impact of interest rate marketisation on the profitability of commercial banks helps to analyse the current situation of bank operations, improve the ability to cope with risks by finding new profit models, and occupy a favourable position in the competition in the financial market.This paper takes the impact of interest rate marketisation on the profitability of Chinese commercial banks as the object of research, by finding relevant literature, starting from relevant theories, and using internal and external factors to study its impact mechanism; and according to the reform history of China's interest rate marketisation, it analyses the trend of changes in the indexes of Chinese commercial banks to determine the impact of interest rate marketisation on the profitability of commercial banks; it also adopts the multivariate linear regression model, according to the regression analysis found that the interest rate marketisation has a strong impact on the profitability of commercial banks, but the change of the bank's income structure does not significantly improve the profitability; finally, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) the basis for the realisation of the interest rate marketisation is to improve the pricing system and open the interest rate conduction channel; (2) by optimising the income structure and improving the operational efficiency, the profitability of the bank can be improved; (3) by reasonable response to interest rate fluctuation risk and improving risk management ability, it can gain an advantage in the fierce market competition.

Explorations in Marx’s Theory of Price - Why Marx is Still Relevant for Understanding the Modern Economy - Volume I: Money and Money Prices

No abstract available

Cable cars: From optimal design to optimal pricing

Although cable car services have become an integral part of the transit system in many cities in the world, their specific technology has never been studied from the viewpoint of the links between optimal design and marginal cost pricing. Here we formulate, solve and apply a first model to represent the specific features of a cable car system considering operators' and users' costs. The links among cabins’ density, their speed and capacity, frequency, slope, and others, are formulated to obtain the optimal design variables as a function of demand volume, a system cost function, marginal and average costs, and first best money prices and possible subsidies. An application with sensitivity analysis illustrates the model.

INVESTIGATING THE “DEBT–MONEY–PRICES” TRIANGLE: IRVING FISHER’S THEORETICAL JOURNEY TOWARD THE 100% MONEY PROPOSAL

This paper aims to show how the 100% money proposal, which Irving Fisher came to support in 1935, connects to the rest of his work on monetary instability—in particular, to his credit cycle analysis of 1911 and his debt-deflation theory of 1932–33. Behind these respective analyses, we identify a common explanatory pattern of monetary fluctuations, the “debt–money–prices” triangle, which we use to show how Fisher’s explanations evolved over time, and how his advocacy of 100% money came as a logical conclusion.

Economic Calculation in Light of Advances in Big Data and Artificial Intelligence

In his 1920 essay “Economic Calculation in the Socialist Commonwealth,” Ludwig von Mises argued that economic calculation is impossible in a socialist system absent private property and exchange in the means of production. Without the social appraisement process by which the actions of consumers and entrepreneurs produce a money price structure, the commensurate cardinal numbers necessary to engage in capital accounting are not available. We argue that any claims regarding how advances in computer technology can solve the problem of economic calculation are based on an insufficient understanding of Mises' original argument. We restate Mises’ argument in consideration of recent developments in big data and artificial intelligence and argue that Mises’ original argument concerning the impossibility of economic calculation absent the institutional prerequisites of private property and monetary exchange in goods of all orders remains unrefuted.

S. A. OŜga. The Rate of Exchange and the Terms of Trade. New Brunswick, New Jersey / London: Aldine Transaction, 2008. 116 pages. Paperback. Price not given.

S. A. OŜga aims to provide a concise outline of the theory behind the rate of exchange and the terms of trade, in textbook fashion at an elementary level. The terms of trade are defined as the ratio of the money prices of imports and exports, while the balance of trade is the ratio of the value of exports to imports. The analysis in the book, as pointed out by the author, is limited in several ways. First, it does not go beyond defining and exploring relations between limited concepts, and does not touch upon ways of testing or proving any concepts. Secondly, the book deals with only the theory of ratios of exchange as they pertain to international trade. Yet, the discussion in the book is quite focused, which makes it easy to follow.

Work from home connection: a cluster analysis based on the Internet service attributes towards subscribers profile

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to discover clusters or homogenous groups of work-from-home (WFH) Internet subscribers in the Philippines based on the attributes of speed, network quality, customer service, after-sales support, price, contract and value for money. Another objective is to determine if the formed clusters are related to the demographic profile.Design/methodology/approachA total of 275 internet subscribers from Metro Manila were surveyed. K-means cluster analysis using the Hartigan-Wong algorithm was performed on the data to generate the clusters.FindingsResults generated four significant clusters, which were named service value expecters, average expecters, low expecters and high expecters. Most of the subscribers are under the high expecters, followed by the service value expecters. The age and income of the subscribers are the profile that can affect the formulation of clusters in the Internet service industry. Those people in the younger age groups can be seen as more demanding, while older people tend to be content with the Internet service. Counter-intuitively, people with higher income seem to be more easily satisfied with Internet service features, while those people with lower income seem to be more demanding. Educational attainment and the number of household members do not have a direct effect on the formulation of clusters of Internet subscribers.Originality/valueThis is the first study to use cluster analysis in identifying possible segments of WFH Internet subscribers based on Internet service attributes. Its value is the provision of market segments based on which can be the basis for formulating marketing strategies and policies for the telecommunications industry.

Optimal pricing and design of station-based bike-sharing systems: A microeconomic model

Carefully collected data of nine station-based Bike Sharing Systems (BSS) observed during several years, feed the theoretical formulation of three (aggregated) strategic models representing BSS operation from which the optimal design and pricing is derived. The models include both the operator's costs (investment and operation) and users' costs (time to walk to-from a station, waiting at a station, and time while cycling). The design variables are station spacing, number and capacity of stations, number of bicycles and bike repositioning. Once optimized, the design variables lead to cost functions and optimal pricing. In the first model, a permanent equilibrium without waiting times is assumed. In the second model, waiting at stations (due to a lack of bicycles or docking sites) is introduced in an aggregate form, which results in an increase in the optimal number of bikes and docking sites, making the optimal money price per trip to increase. The third and final model introduces repositioning of bicycles in order to diminish waiting time, making the optimal price grow even further. We obtain an optimal subsidy per trip that grows with the area covered by the BSS, which has implications for its actual implementation in large cities and their spatial and social equity. The optimal pricing scheme is caused by economies of scale due to the reduction in users' access and egress times as the density of stations increases (positive externality) in addition to a fixed operator cost.

The price prediction for cryptocurrency based on the state-of-art machine learning approaches

Cryptocurrency has evolved from a fringe phenomenon to a far more popular method of investing and financing. For investors and traders, predicting the price of bitcoin is critical. Several machine learning algorithms are utilized to anticipate the price of digital money in this research paper. The analysis employed Decision Trees, Light Gradient Boosting Machines, and Neural Networks. The purpose of this study is to look at the predicted accuracy of each machine learning method. According to the analysis, decision tree, lightGBM, and neural networks have a very high accuracy rate when it comes to forecasting cryptocurrencies. These results shed light on guiding further exploration to help investors in building an appropriate digital currency portfolio and reducing risks.

The Study of Accounting Practices in The Uang Panai Tradition (Ethnographic Studies on Traditional Marriages in West Sulawesi)

Pricing is not only oriented towards material profit, but also oriented to non-material values, such as cultural aspects. This study aims to reveal the accounting practices of Mandar culture in Majene, West Sulawesi, based on an ethnographic review of the meaning of Uang Panai for local communities and accounting practices in setting the price of Uang Panai. This study uses a qualitative approach with an interpretive paradigm. Data collection was done naturally through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and referring to the literature and previous research results. The data analysis technique uses a modified and simplified Spradley model without reducing and replacing the results of data analysis. The results of the study indicate that the determination of the price of Uang Panai in Mandar Majene is carried out to cover the costs of the wedding party. The process of determining the price of the panai money is carried out in four stages, namely messiq, negotiation, proposal, and mattandajari. The amount of panai can be influenced by the social status of the bride, such as occupation, education, and family power or authority. The price fixing process refers to conventional accounting theory, the concept of price fixers and price takers, and bargaining as in a perfectly competitive market. The results of this study can be used as a reference material for multi-paradigm Accounting learning. In addition, the community gains additional understanding that the amount of panai money depends on the agreement of the prospective bride's family.

Factors Influencing the Purchase Decision of Rural Consumers:A Study in the Rural Markets of Gujarat (India)

The paper is an attempt to understand the purchase behavior of rural consumers with reference to selected FMCG product. This is done by studying factors influencing their purchase decision, counterfeit products and their use, and the role of retailers in influencing the purchase decision of rural consumers of Gujarat. There is a wide availability of counterfeit products in the rural markets of Gujarat and the people are sometimes kept away formt the genuine products. The marketing implications got for the study contributes towards understanding the profile of the villagers. The demographic profile is very important to the marketers to study the needs and preference of the customers as per their gender, age, education and income. This helps the marketers to design the strategies which would be useful in selling the products to customer of different age group, gender, education and income. Price and value for money has been found the most important factors. The rural customers would prefer any brand which would be either low priced, may be in their budgets or may give them the value for their money. The rural customers are well aware of all the brands but they are unable to distinguish between the genuine and the counterfeits. Also the retailers are an important medium to influence them to buy the products.

THE CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BITCOIN ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND CRYPTOCURRENCY UNCERTAINTY

Purpose- Investigating the relationship between the energy consumption for Bitcoin and the price and policy uncertainties in the cryptocurrency markets. Methodology- It was preferred for unit root tests of series the Zivot-Andrews Unit Root Test, which takes into account structural breaks. Depending on the stagnation of the variables at different levels, the Toda-Yamamoto (1995) causality test was applied by using weekly data in period 19.02.2017 and 07.02.2021. Findings- One-way causality was found on the indices of cryptocurrency price uncertainty and cryptocurrency policy uncertainty from bitcoin energy consumption. In addition, it is understood from the Chi-Square Test Statistic (13.16980) coefficient that the change in bitcoin energy consumption is more dominant on the crypto money policy uncertainty. It was reached that changes in bitcoin energy consumption have an effect on both price and crypto money policies in all crypto markets. Conclusion- In line with these results, it is concluded that the uncertainties in the crypto markets are under the influence of many external political factors. This study investigated the effect of price and political uncertainty on bitcoin energy consumption in the entire cryptocurrency market, but it was concluded that bitcoin energy consumption is not only linked to crypto markets, but also under the influence of government interventions, bans, ill-recognition, and developments and movements in other financial markets. Keywords: Bitcoin energy consumption, bitcoin mining, cryptocurrencies, crypto money price uncertainty index. JEL Codes: G00, G19, P43

Informational nature of money

The study of the relationship between information and money is one of the most relevant, widely discussed and yet difficult issues to explore. However, many aspects remain unclear, requiring deeper research and understanding. The object of this study was the nature of subjective assessments, their qualitative and quantitative characteristics in relation to the direct exchange of things. The content of objective exchange value as a relative value that is not measurable has been revealed in the article. It carries with it information about the proportion of things exchanged. The quantitative ratio of the value of the available monetary units and the units value of goods exchanged for them determines the price of money. The connection between commodity and credit money has been traced. It has been proved that money fulfills its information function as imaginary, ideal money. It has been concluded about the spontaneous adaptation of the competitive markets, money and prices information system to the conditions of falling purchasing power of money. The results of the study extend knowledge about the informational nature of money and outline perspectives for further research.

Forecasting Model of the Money Price of Any Technical Work During Construction Process in Any Time Instance Due to the Management of the Construction Contract as a Forward Commodity Contract

Abstract The full expansion of the general formula, which calculates the money price of a forward contract at the end of the prearranged period T, makes us tangibly understand the relationship between time and money function {M(oney)=f [t(ime)]} in determining the purchase price/cost of a forward commodity. Similarly, in the case of the production process of construction, it has been shown that there is a time-money function {M(oney) = f [t(ime)]}, which determines the purchase price/cost of a technical commodity. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the possibility of studying and interpreting of the dynamic variations of the parameters that shape the final monetary exchange value of any construction as demonstrated by the time-money relationship and determined by research and financial management.

CONTRIBUTION OF ALTERNATIVE THEORIES OF MONEY TO THE CREATION OF A MODEL OF THE MONETARY SYSTEM IN RUSSIA (LATE XIX — EARLY XX CENTURY)

The economic and political instability of the present time in the world, being a reflection of the complex process of transition to new post-industrial technologies, increases instability in the sphere of monetary relations. The article aims to investigate the conceptual differences that contributed to the formation of alternative approaches in the theory of money at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries during the discussion of the prospects for the transition to credit circulation in extreme economic conditions. Attention is drawn to the fact that the problem of choosing a model of the monetary system, metallic or monetary, becomes the most urgent during the transformation of the economy.
 
 The article provides a comparative analysis of the key provisions of the nominalist, quantitative, credit and conjunctural theories of money, their conceptual differences in understanding the nature, functions of banknotes and their role in price formation. The features of the conjunctural theory of money that distinguish it from the provisions of alternative concepts, market and state mechanisms for regulating money turnover are clarified. Algorithms for the formation of the general level of money prices in the conjunctural theory of money by M.I. Tugan-Baranovsky are considered. It is shown that the concept of nominalism, which expresses the interests of the state, justifies the need to use paper banknotes as the most effective financial resource of the government in emergency economic situations and the demonetization of gold.
 
 The proposals of the leaders of the modern theory of money concerning the forced issue of "sovereign currency", weakening the national currencies of other countries, are analyzed. It is shown that the incorrect interpretation of the categories of government bonds and national currency by the leaders of the modern theory of money in comparison with the classical provisions narrows the field of scientific analysis, leads to a confusion of the concepts of state interest-bearing and interest-free domestic debt, and destabilization of the monetary and economic system as a whole.
 
 The contribution of alternative concepts of money to the creation of a theoretical model and structure of the Russian state monetary system of the early twentieth century is shown. It is concluded that during periods of acute shortage of budgetary resources, there is a revival of the arguments of the nominalist theory of money in new economic conditions.

The Influence of Meal Experience on Revisit Intention at Nasi Bancakan Abah Barna, Bandung City

The main purpose of this study is to determine the effect of meal experience on revisit intention at Nasi Bancakan Abah Barna, Bandung City. Meal experience is a series of eating experiences that consumers feel from the time they enter the restaurant until they finish enjoying the food. The independent variable (X) is meal experience which has eight dimensions, namely food and drink, variety in menu choice, level of service, price and value for money, interior design, atmosphere and mood, location and accessibility and food and beverage service employee (Davis et al., 2018). While the dependent variable (Y) in this study is revisit intention with dimensions of likelihood to visit again, likelihood to recommend others, and likelihood to be the first choice for future visit (Ramukumba, 2018). This research uses quantitative and methods and explanatory survey. The results showed that simultaneously meal experience had a significant effect on revisit intention in Nasi Bancakan Abah Barna with a Fvalue of 6.498 Ftable of 2.04, therefore based on these results it is said that Fcount Ftable. Partial test results show that the dimensions of atmosphere and mood is obtained with tcount of 3.336 with Sig. 0.001 and the dimensions of location and accessibility is obtained with tcount of 2.486 with Sig. 0.015. These results show that the dimensions of atmosphere, mood, location, and accessibility on meal experience partially have a significant effect on revisit intention.

PENGARUH MEAL EXPERIENCE TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN DI D’RIAM RIVERSIDE RESORT AND RESTO

Bandung is one of the city's rapid development of its restaurant. Restaurant types ranging from the western, specialty restaurant, etc. Bandung is synonymous with a distinctive flavor that Sunda in Bandung are found restaurants of Sundanese one is d'Riam Riverside Resort.The number of purchases at d'Riam Reverside Resort or the ups and downsexperienced fluctuating revenue (gross revenue) in each year starting in 2012-2014. Good management is needed to boost consumer visits to d'Riam Reverside Resort.Aims this study are (1) To obtain research findings about consumer response to meal experiance in d'Riam Riverside Resort, (2) To obtain research findings on customer satisfaction in d'Riam Reverside Resort, (3) To obtain research findings on the effect of meal experiance on customer satisfaction. The research method used is descriptive and verificative, while the data collection techniques with questionnaires to 100 respondents.Results of the study concluded that of the seven sub-variables meal experiencenot all variables are positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction as a variable interior design and the other six are food and beverage, variety in menu choice, level of service, price and value for money, atmosphere, location and accessibility are very positive and significant effect between meal experience of customer satisfaction.

Analysis of Relationship amongst Money Supply, Prices and Output in India

The paper studies the relationship between Money Supply, Prices and Output by creating a robust VAR Model incorporating the changing trend of the macro-economic variables. The observations were that rate of change of Prices and Money Supply have a direct relationship (in short and long run), rate of change of Price and Private Consumption have an inverse relationship (more significant in long run), and rate of change of Investment and Money Supply have an inverse relationship (significant in long run). The study provides a foundation for understanding of stability and shocks amongst the macro-economic variables which have further scope of exploration in terms of magnitude of absolute change and implicit relationships which exist amongst the variables in the Quantity Theory of Money.

Money Mining and Price Dynamics

We develop a random-matching model to study the price dynamics of monies produced privately according to a time-consuming mining technology. For our leading example, there exists a unique equilibrium where the value of money increases over time and reaches a steady state. There is also a continuum of perfect-foresight equilibria where the price of money inflates and bursts gradually over time. Initially, money is held for a speculative motive, but it acquires a transactional role as it becomes sufficiently abundant. We study fiat, commodity, and crypto monies, endogenous acceptability, and adopt implementation and equilibrium approaches. (JEL E31, E42, E51, N13, N14, N23, N24)