Monetary Worth Research Articles

Valuing the contribution of sport volunteering to subjective wellbeing: evidence from eight European countries.

Volunteering is a prominent and integral aspect of the activities undertaken by sports clubs in Europe. However, even with its growing importance, quantifying the monetary worth of this nonmarket activity, in terms of wellbeing, can present certain difficulties. Traditional approaches to valuing volunteering (i.e., replacement and opportunity cost approaches) do not fully capture the value of volunteering to individuals, as they do not consider the intangible benefits that individuals may derive from their participation. This research provides added value to the monetisation of volunteering in sport by applying the wellbeing valuation approach (WVA) for the first time to a cross-sectional data in eight European countries. A double instrumental variable approach was developed to correct for unobservable variables that may influence the pairs: income and subjective wellbeing (SWB), and volunteering and SWB. This allows to estimate the causal impact of volunteering and income on SWB more accurately and assign a reasonable monetary value to this non-market activity. The results, based on a sample size of 1,091, show an income compensation for a volunteer, devoting on average 8.7 hours during a four-week period of €16 to €50 per hour, equivalent to between € 1,700 and € 5,200 per year, depending on the nationality of the volunteer. With these estimations insights into the value of volunteering in sports are provided, contributing to a better understanding of how this activity can be valued and supported. By recognising and accurately valuing the contributions of volunteers, sport organizations and policymakers can develop more effective strategies for promoting and supporting volunteering in sports.

Examining the Social Costs of Carbon Emissions and the Ecosystem Service Value in Island Ecosystems: An Analysis of the Zhoushan Archipelago

Assessments of the ecosystem service value (ESV) and the social cost of carbon (SCC) inform national and government management decisions in the areas of human well-being and climate change mitigation and adaptation, respectively. Studying the correlation between the two provides a theoretical basis for low-carbon and high-quality regional development, achieving economic decarbonization, and improving human well-being. In this study, we take Zhoushan Archipelago as a case study, consider the ESV and SCC in Zhoushan Archipelago during the period 2010–2020, analyze their spatial development characteristics, and analyze the correlation between the two in time and space. The findings indicate that, with only a 1.5% change, the overall ESV in the Zhoushan Archipelago fell between 2010 and 2020. Conversely, there was a 1604.01 × 104 t increase in net carbon emissions and a quick 2452% increase in SCC. During the study period, a substantial positive association was found between ESV and SCC in the Zhoushan Archipelago, according to the global spatial correlation analysis of the two variables. It passed the test for p-value. This study presents a new potential way to solve the environmental and economic difficulties caused by climate change by providing a mechanism for quantitatively assessing the environment from the perspective of monetary worth. In order to improve the ecological security pattern and ease the burden of regional carbon emissions, it is vital to make use of regional advantages, maintain forests, and develop blue-carbon resources such as mudflats. It is a good idea to cooperate regionally with nearby metropolitan agglomerations. The study’s findings are crucial for advancing sustainable development planning in the Zhoushan Archipelago, both theoretically and practically.

Agricultural Financing and Economic Growth in Nigeria

This research investigated the impact of agricultural finance on the economic development of Nigeria between the years 1986 and 2022. The Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund, bank loans to farmers, government spending on agriculture, and real gross domestic product were used as substitutes for agricultural funding. This analysis relies on time-series data culled from the Central Bank of Nigeria’s statistics bulletin. This research utilised the following data analysis methods: the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression tool, the Error Correction Model technique, the Johansen Cointegration test, and the Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test. In congruent with the study’s results, there is a substantial relationship between agricultural bank loans and Nigeria’s real GDP. In addition, the Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP)—the monetary worth of all final products and services produced inside Nigeria—is highly correlated with the amount of money the government spends on agriculture. A substantial and important relationship exists between Nigeria’s Real Gross Domestic Product and the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund. The results of the research indicate that the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund, government investment in agriculture, and bank loans all made substantial improvements to Nigeria’s economic development. It has been suggested, among other recommendations, that increasing the volume and size of agricultural loans by reducing the interest rate will facilitate greater economic development in the nation.

Integrating household survey with inoperability input-output model of critical infrastructure systems: A case study of Hurricane Sandy.

Critical infrastructures are ubiquitous and their interdependencies have become more complex leading to their uncertain behaviors in the aftermath of disasters. The article develops an integrated economic input-output model that incorporates household-level survey data from Hurricane Sandy, which made its landfall in 2012. In this survey, 427 respondents who were living in the state of New Jersey during Hurricane Sandy were used in the study. The integration of their responses allowed us to show the probability and duration of various types of critical infrastructure failures due to a catastrophic hurricane event and estimate the economic losses across different sectors. The percentage of disruption and recovery period for various infrastructure systems were extracted from the survey, which were then utilized in the economic input-output model comprising of 71 economic sectors. Sectors were then ranked according to: (i) inoperability, the percentage in which a sector is disrupted relative to its ideal level, and (ii) economic loss, the monetary worth of business interruption caused by the disaster. With the combined infrastructure disruptions in the state of New Jersey, the model estimated an economic loss of $36 billion, which is consistent with published estimates. Results from this article can provide insights for future disaster preparedness and resilience planning.

Back to Basics on Economic Value: Review Article of Dave Elder-Vass’s Inventing Value: The Social Construction of Monetary Worth, Cambridge University Press, 2022

Abstract The paper discusses concepts of economic value via a review of Dave Elder-Vass’s book Inventing Value. Setting the review in the context of the need to re-evaluate theories of economic value in light of the environmental crisis, it outlines and assesses the book’s critical realist approach to the subject, its critiques of existing value theories, the alternative offered by the author—‘the social construction of monetary worth’—and its application to the valuation of financial assets. It goes on to discuss whether economic value can be said to be ‘invented’, the relation between positive and normative theories of value, and what can be salvaged from existing theories of value. It ends by briefly summarising where value theory in the context of the wider economy might go from here.

Low-carbon diets can reduce global ecological and health costs

Potential external cost savings associated with the reduction of animal-sourced foods remain poorly understood. Here we combine life cycle assessment principles and monetarization factors to estimate the monetary worth of damage to human health and ecosystems caused by the environmental impacts of food production. We find that, globally, approximately US$2 of production-related external costs were embedded in every dollar of food expenditure in 2018—corresponding to US$14.0 trillion of externalities. A dietary shift away from animal-sourced foods could greatly reduce these ‘hidden’ costs, saving up to US$7.3 trillion worth of production-related health burden and ecosystem degradation while curbing carbon emissions. By comparing the health effects of dietary change from the consumption versus the production of food, we also show that omitting the latter means underestimating the benefits of more plant-based diets. Our analysis reveals the substantial potential of dietary change, particularly in high and upper-middle-income countries, to deliver socio-economic benefits while mitigating climate change.

The First Christian Slave: Onesimus in Context by Mary Ann Beavis

Reviewed by: The First Christian Slave: Onesimus in Context by Mary Ann Beavis Sung Uk Lim mary ann beavis, The First Christian Slave: Onesimus in Context (Eugene, OR: Cascade, 2021). Pp. xii + 136. $21. In stark contrast to the traditional interpretation deeply entrenched in the dominant perspective of Paul or Philemon, Mary Ann Beavis takes a doulocentric, or slave-centered, perspective in analyzing Philemon in order to recover the silenced voice and repressed [End Page 351] agency of Onesimus in the dominant societies, both ancient and modern. B.'s awareness of and sensitivity to the long-lasting legacy of the slave trade even in modern history stimulates her to use a cross-cultural reading strategy across spatial and temporal constraints. Reading Philemon with Onesimus in the foreground triggers a liberationist hermeneutics for those enslaved people throughout history. In chap. 1, B. starts with a deepened understanding of the notion of "social death" coined by Orlando Patterson in his work Slavery and Social Death (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982). Social death can be defined simply as "a way of describing a set of dehumanizing conditions imposed by slaveholders on slaves" (p. 16). B. emphasizes, however, that enslaved people, including Onesimus, have the agency to resist the oppressive system forcibly imposing social death upon them in the day-to-day tactics, most of which are not recorded in the extant documents. At the same time, B. pays due attention to the notion of "soul value" termed by Daina Ramey Berry (The Price for Their Pound of Flesh [Boston: Beacon, 2017]). Soul value is referred to as the intrinsically felt self-worth of enslaved people in marked opposition to their monetary worth estimated by the slaveholders. Even if it still remains a puzzle how Onesimus responded to Paul's perception of his soul value, B. is assured that Onesimus embraced the gospel as beneficial to the improvement of his life at the material and spiritual levels. Interestingly, B. strenuously points out that enslaved people can variously express their soul values, regardless of their situation between accommodation and recalcitrance. In contrast to the widely accepted hypothesis of white slaveholders that Onesimus was a runaway slave sent back by the apostle to his master Philemon, B. in chap. 2 assumes that Philemon sent or left Onesimus behind to provide Paul with assistance in multiple ways. To sustain a doulocentric perspective in the process of exegesis, B. leans toward the interpretations of Philemon by the (formerly) enslaved in American nineteenth-century history. Along this line of reasoning, she surmises that the letter's original recipients consisted of mixed groups of free, freed, and enslaved people as members of the so-called ecclesia. Certainly, Onesimus the slave as part of the oikos of Philemon had no choice but to participate in the cultic ceremonies practiced in the master's household. According to B., Onesimus, nevertheless, was likely to have more agency in the religious realm in his relationships with Paul than has traditionally been imagined. For instance, she concurs that Onesimus, albeit enslaved, took on diakonia ("diaconal service"). Furthermore, beyond the realm of religion, B. goes so far as to suppose that Onesimus, closely acquainted with Paul, was able to manipulate the apostle into interceding in the strained relationship between a master and a slave. In chap. 3, B. compares Paul's letter to Philemon with the letter of Pliny the Elder to Sabianus, the purpose of which was to request that Sabianus pardon an unnamed freedman for his offensive action. In spite of manifold differences between the two letters, B. demonstrates a similarity between them in that both were composed at the request of a supplicant. In cross-cultural perspective, B. goes on to juxtapose Paul's letter to Philemon with the letters written by enslaved people in antebellum American culture. Surprisingly, despite their great historical and cultural separation, such letters have much in common in that all of them have a person of higher status who asks a slaveholder to grant a favor for an enslaved person. These intercultural observations lead to the conviction that Onesimus directed Paul to contrive the letter in Onesimus's favor. [End Page 352] In chap. 4, B. discusses...

Correlation between Air Pollution and Violence: A Critical Analysis

Climate change is the most relevant discussion point in today's scenario. The research paper explains and analysis the relationship between crime and air pollution. It is important to understand that there is a remarkable increase in crimes in the recent past globally and the same can be correlated to air pollution. Studies suggest that air pollution contributed to the increased crime rate. Recent studies in this context have suggested that air pollution can be directly related to aggressive behavior and which in turn leads to an increase in the crime rate. The paper focuses on harm mitigation rather than retribution when dealing with environmental offences. Awareness of the application of restorative processes in cases of environmental harm is ambiguous and, indeed, exculpatory in nature in present scenario. It is generally accepted that environmental crimes are among some of the most lucrative types of transnational illegal activity. In 2016, their monetary worth is calculated at between US$ 91 and 259 billion annually, most likely the world's fourth largest criminal sector after narcotics, counterfeits, and trade in human beings. In this area, there is indeed a detailed list of violations, i.e., wildlife crimes, illicit mining are few to mention.

An Update of the Literature Supporting the Economic Benefits of Plants: Part 1 – Methods of Valuing Benefits

Abstract This paper provides a review of the key research efforts that provide evidence of the economic benefits associated with plants and improved landscaped areas and the tools for assessing their monetary worth. These benefits may persuade reluctant residential homeowners to purchase plants and improve their landscapes, aid municipal leaders and policymakers in justifying green infrastructure-related funding decisions, and provide grounds for the construction industry for using biophilic design principles to ensure the built environment offers opportunities for green space interactions. In this way, the green industry can play a pivotal role not only in providing plants of high quality for these applications, but in educating stakeholders regarding the benefits discussed herein. This research should also be strategically incorporated into both industry-wide and firm-specific marketing messages that highlight the quality-of-life value proposition in order to maintain the industry's sense of value and relevance to residential landscape consumers of the future. If implemented effectively, the demand for green industry products and services may be affected positively.

2022 Hope Babette Tang Humanism in Healthcare Essay Contest: First-Place Medical Student Essay: The Light.

2022 Hope Babette Tang Humanism in Healthcare Essay Contest: First-Place Medical Student Essay: The Light.

Could sensitivity to object authenticity be developmentally delayed in autism?

Autism spectrum disorder may reduce children's sensitivity to authenticity when valuing objects. Here, we investigate how autistic adults value authentic objects and how their judgements are influenced by ‘need to belong’ (NTB). Autistic adults (N = 41) and neurotypical adults (N = 89) answered questions about pairs of objects that differed on various authentic qualities. The groups did not differ in their awareness that authenticity mediates monetary worth and others’ perceptions of an object’s owner. However, the influence of authenticity was somewhat suppressed in autistic adults, who were generally less happy to own objects. Across populations, higher NTB was associated with increased desire to own objects and increased happiness associated with owning authentic objects specifically. These findings suggest that sensitivity to the value of authenticity could be developmentally delayed in autism, but differences in subjective appraisals of authentic objects may be a lifelong characteristic. • Autistic and neurotypical adults valued objects that differed on authentic qualities. • Authenticity and ‘need to belong’ influenced object valuations in both groups. • Autistic adults were less critical of inauthenticity and less happy to own objects. • Sensitivity to object authenticity may be developmentally delayed in autism. • Early differences in subjective object valuation endure into adulthood in autism.

Structural Analysis of Environmental Approaches towards Creating Optimizations of Organic Media for Calluses and Cell Suspensions

Convention for callus enlistment utilizing the leaf explant of Rauvolfia serpentine was normalized utilizing planned natural vermicompost separate and coelomic liquid (removed from the night crawlers Eudriluseugeniae) of different mixes utilized, 30% vermicompost + 4% coelomic liquid was viewed as the best for callus acceptance. Bountiful, sparkly white callus was seen following fourteen days; further smooth white separable callus came about after the 6th seven-day stretch of culture. This on examination with Murashige and Skoog medium enhanced with various blends of BAP (1 mg L-1) + IBA (0.125 mg L-1) and BAP (1.0 mg L-1) + 2, 4-D (0.125 mg L-1) was made individually. Of the various proportions attempted, a 3:1 proportion of vermicompost extricate: coelomic liquid was viewed as best for starting cell suspension societies. Phytochemical examination detailed 34.83±0.14 mg/g of absolute phenols and 0.063±0.002 mg/g of all out flavonoids from the extricated calli and cell suspension tests. Reserpine is recognized as the significant alkaloid in the callus too in cell suspension culture (15.151 maintenance times in HPLC examination). These phytochemicals delivered by in vitro societies can be essentially utilized for drug reasons. The present review showed huge callus advancement on natural vermicompostextricate (30%) media and its monetary worth.

An Empirical Analysis of Alternative Gold Investment Strategies and Their Influence on India's Economic Growth

The contemporary international gold market is a kaleidoscope of change and expansion. The amount of gold purchased annually has nearly tripled since the early 1970s, and gold markets around the world have thrived. Gold has emotive, social, and monetary worth, and it is purchased for multiple and diverse reasons by individuals all over the world, typically affected by nationwide social and cultural fundamentals, home country market conditions, and macroeconomic causes. Different areas of the gold market develop at diverse periods all through the global financial cycle due to the multiple uses of gold – in technology, ornaments, by investors, and central banks as well. Gold's features as an asset for investment are bolstered by the diversity of gold demand in terms of the various alternatives within the gold investment. In India, gold is regarded as one of the most alluring, lucrative, and popular investment choices. Gold is an indispensable component of the socio-economic lives of both the affluent and the poor, and it is a chief source of savings for the low- and middle-income families in both rural and municipal areas. Not only does gold play a significant role in India's cultural zeitgeist, but it also plays a significant role in the economy. This profound relation with gold may be seen not just in terms of tradition, but also in terms of economics. In recent years, gold has become more significant than merely for socio-cultural reasons, and it has earned a position in global financial portfolios. Therefore, this paper discusses gold investment and the factors that influence gold investments in physical forms. Gold has a variety of economic effects, one of which is the influence of gold imports on the balance of payments' trade balance and current account. As a result, the main emphasis of this paper is on examining alternate ways of investing in gold and researching the motives for doing so. Lastly, the paper attempts to investigate the impact of alternative gold investment products (paper/digital gold) by discussing the 'Financialization of Gold', which involves investing in gold-backed financial products that are not held in physical form, resulting in the transformation of the gold market and ecosystem. This study puts forth an analysis of comparison gold alternatives (Gold ETF and Sovereign Gold Bonds) and physical gold by looking at the returns and pricing, requirement, and import quantities of physical gold Keywords: Gold investment, Gold Exchange Traded Fund (Gold ETF), gold mutual funds, Sovereign Gold Bond (SGB), digital/e-gold, bullion investment, Economic Growth.

Detection of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks in IOT Based Monitoring System of Banking Sector Using Machine Learning Models

Cyberattacks can trigger power outages, military equipment problems, and breaches of confidential information, i.e., medical records could be stolen if they get into the wrong hands. Due to the great monetary worth of the data it holds, the banking industry is particularly at risk. As the number of digital footprints of banks grows, so does the attack surface that hackers can exploit. This paper aims to detect distributed denial-of-service (DDOS) attacks on financial organizations using the Banking Dataset. In this research, we have used multiple classification models for the prediction of DDOS attacks. We have added some complexity to the architecture of generic models to enable them to perform well. We have further applied a support vector machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and random forest algorithms (RF). The SVM shows an accuracy of 99.5%, while KNN and RF scored an accuracy of 97.5% and 98.74%, respectively, for the detection of (DDoS) attacks. Upon comparison, it has been concluded that the SVM is more robust as compared to KNN, RF and existing machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) approaches.

Rewarding More Is Better for Soliciting Help, Yet More So for Cash Than for Goods: Revisiting and Reframing the Tale of Two Markets With Replications and Extensions of Heyman and Ariely (2004)

Heyman and Ariely (2004) demonstrated that the expected effectiveness of soliciting help varied depending on the “market”, a money market represented by cash rewards versus a social market represented by goods as rewards. They showed that, as cash rewards increase, individuals expected others to be more willing to help, yet, when offering social goods as rewards such as candy, expected willingness to help was insensitive to rewards’ monetary worth. We conducted two pre-registered replication studies (total: N = 3302, MTurk/Prolific) of Study 1 in Heyman and Ariely (2004) and found support for one of their main claims that people are more sensitive to worth when the reward is cash than goods. However, the rewards’ monetary worth impacted expected willingness to help even in social markets, deviating from the original findings. Extensions further compared between-subject and within-subject designs, examined perceived affect (joy and regret), and added a new control condition. We concluded that higher compensation is generally perceived as better when soliciting help, yet more so for the money market cash rewards than for the social market goods rewards. All materials, data, and code are provided on https://osf.io/y9p7u/

La valutazione immobiliare dei monasteri nell’ipotesi di riuso funzionale

A convent is not to be intended as pure private property; it is therefore impossible to define a real estate market for it. Once defined a building renovation project, usually generated by compatible uses expressed by the local social demand for spaces, the value of aconvent in the current state of affairs usually matches the transformation one. Thisis the result of a conceptual elaboration wishing to calculate the final value of a convent, ready to be reused. If we assume that there is no market price for a convent in the current state of affairs, the same concept applies after a restoration. It is possible to grasp only the real monetary worth of the property, which is one of the three variables that build the global economic value of the convent itself, by approximating the appraisal, estimated through a market value typical of private assets similar in size and features. It is necessary to determine instead, through a volumetric plan, the required sums for the transformation. They will then represent the cost of use of the asset, or the investment which is required to be able to use the property. Economic and financial feasibility will be verified when the difference between outlows (investment and management costs) and inflows (lease for surface rights and public contributions) is positive.

Heritage

Heritage

Quality, Nutritional, Volatile and Sensory Profiles and Consumer Acceptance of Fondillón, a Sustainable European Protected Wine

Sustainable irrigation strategies in Southeast Spain (one of the most arid regions in Europe) are essential to fight against desertification and climate change mitigation. In this way, Fondillón production is based on rain-based vineyards, over-ripe Monastrell grapes, and non-alcohol fortification. Thus, Fondillón is a naturally sweet red wine, protected within the Alicante Denomination of Origin, recognized by the European Union in its E-bachus database. The study aim was to evaluate the effect of the aging (solera factor) on Fondillón: (i) basic enological parameters (e.g., total, and volatile acidity), (ii) chromatic characteristics, (iii) antioxidant activity (ABTS•+, FRAP and DPPH•), (iv) total contents of condensed tannins and anthocyanins, (v) volatile composition, (vi) sensory profile, and (vii) overall liking. Experimental data proved that the wine (1960 solera) with the highest total contents of condensed tannins and anthocyanins and total antioxidant activity was the most liked by Spanish consumers. Experimental results clearly established a positive relationship among Fondillón chemical composition, its antioxidant activity, and overall consumer liking. Exceptional harvest with grapes having extremely high antioxidant power (e.g., 1960 solera) will result, even more than 50 years later, in high quality wines with high consumer acceptance and a high monetary worth.

The Default Risk of the Research Funding with Uncertain Variable in South Korea, Along with the Greeks

As a nation experiencing rapid economic growth, South Korea and its government have made a continuous effort toward efficient research investments to achieve transformation of the Korean industry for the fourth industrial revolution. To achieve the maximum effectiveness of the research investments, it is necessary to evaluate its funding’s worth and default risk. Thus, incorporating the concepts of the Black-Scholes-Merton model and the Greeks, this study develops a default-risk evaluation model in the foundation of a system dynamics methodology. By utilizing the proposed model, this study estimates the monetary worth and the default risks of research funding in the public and private sectors of Information and Communication technologies, along with the sensitivity of the R&D economic worth of research funding to changes in a given parameter. This study finds that the public sector has more potential than the private sector in terms of monetary worth and that the default risks of three types of research funding are relatively high. Through a sensitivity analysis, the results indicate that uncertainty in volatility, operation period, and a risk-free interest rate has trivial impacts on the monetary worth of research funding, while volatility has large impacts on the default risk among the uncertain factors.

Re-evaluating the notion of value in wildlife trade research from a service marketing perspective

The trade in wildlife and wildlife products is one of the leading causes of population decline for thousands of species. It is critical that researchers use all available theories and techniques at hand to tackle this conservation crisis. Here, we integrate current services marketing theory with our existing understanding of behaviour change in wildlife trade research and propose future areas of transdisciplinary research. We first used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta Analysis methodology to perform a systematic literature review of 227 articles from 76 journals to explore the current understanding of value in wildlife trade literature. Our results showed over 90% of articles used the term value to describe monetary worth and no articles provided a definition or justification of this use. We then contribute to scientific discourse by presenting Service Dominant Logic from marketing theory as a novel lens through which to explore consumer behaviour and the concept of value in the wildlife trade. We outline future avenues of research that will improve the ability of conservation practitioners to create meaningful behaviour change and system transformation using a wholly novel conceptualisation that synthesises the two disciplines of marketing and conservation.