Monetary Resources Research Articles

Advances in treatment and prevention of hepatitis B.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) continues to contribute to worldwide morbidity and mortality significantly. Scientists, clinicians, pharmaceutical companies, and health organizations have dedicated substantial Intellectual and monetary resources to finding a cure, increasing immunization rates, and reducing the global burden of CHB. National and international health-related organizations including the center for disease control, the national institute of health, the American Association for the study of liver disease (AASLD), The European association for the study of the Liver (EASL), The Asia Pacific association for the study of the Liver (APASL) and the world health organization release periodic recommendations for disease prevention and treatment. Our review of the most recent guidelines by EASL, AASLD, APASL, and Taiwan Association for the Study of the Liver revealed that an overwhelming majority of cited studies were published before 2018. We reviewed Hepatitis B-related literature published 2018 onwards to identify recent developments and current barriers that will likely direct future efforts towards eradicating hepatitis B. The breakthrough in our understanding of the hepatitis B virus life cycle and resulting drug development is encouraging with significant room for further progress. Data from high-risk populations, most vulnerable to the devastating effects of hepatitis B infection and reactivation remain sparse. Utilization of systems approach, optimization of experimental models, identification and validation of next-generation biomarkers, and precise modulation of the human immune response will be critical for future innovation. Within the foreseeable future, new treatments will likely complement conventional therapies rather than replace them. Most Importantly, pragmatic management of CHB related population health challenges must be prioritized to produce real-world results.

IDENTIFICATION OF COMPETITIVE ECONOMIC SECTORS IN THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC WITH THE HELP OF INDUSTRIES RANKING

The article assessed the attractiveness of the industry of the Chuvash Republic to form a strategy for the competitiveness of the industry. The calculations used indicators such as: settled financial result (profit-loss), the level of profitability of sold goods, products (works, services). It was concluded that the most cost-effective industries where the efficiency of the use of material, labor and monetary resources is highest are manufacturing. Based on the data, priority development industries have been identified that have the best positions in the sum of places in the Chuvash Republic: food production; production of chemicals and chemical products; paper and paper products; production of chemicals and chemical products; production of computers, electronic and optical products; production of electrical equipment. Recommendations are given to increase the competitiveness of the region's industry by creating regional clusters. In the Chuvash Republic, clusters can be created in the following sectors: manufacturing, including the production of electrical equipment, textile and clothing production; chemical production. At the initial stage, the cluster cannot exist without the support of the authorities. State assistance is needed for the implementation of projects of cluster members in the development of innovations, equipment modernization, and in improving the skills of workers. Therefore, the formation of clusters should be among the strategic tasks of the region, as it affects the economic development of the region and leads to the development of a strategy for introducing innovations in industries.

Аналіз податкових надходжень як складової доходів Державного бюджету України

Abstract. Introduction. The state budget is its monetary fund. Due to budget revenues, public authorities and local governments provide funding for their functions. The state uses mostly the tax method to accumulate budget funds. At the same time, the budget of our country has a chronic deficit and a significant level of public debt, which is involved to cover it, and the fiscal potential of our tax system is not fully used due to the high share of the shadow economy. Purpose. Analysis of the dynamics and structure of tax revenues in terms of direct and indirect taxes, identification of current problems in the field of taxation and possible measures for their solution. Results. As a result of the analysis of the structure of state budget revenues, it has been found that tax revenues form on average 80% of their total amount. The share of non-tax revenues is from 16.21 to 19.79%. The share of revenues from capital transactions ranges from 0.01% to 0.07%, and official transfers - from 0.95% to 1.34% over the past 5 years. Revenues to trust funds (the Fund for Social Protection of the Disabled and the Fund for Defense and Security of the State) are less than 1%. However, in 2017 their share increased to 3.76%. This was possible due to the significant inflow of confiscated funds received from the sale of property confiscated for committing a corruption crime, which went to the target defense fund. It has been determined that the state mostly uses the tax method in the process of generating budget revenues. The authors also analyzed the structure of tax revenues. It has been found that the dynamics of growth of their nominal volume is positive. It has been estimated that the growth rate compared to the previous year in 2017 was 24.3%, in 2018 - 32.9%, in 2019 - 15.0% and in 2020 - 4.1%. It has been noted that the low growth rate of tax revenues in 2020 was due to the negative effects of Covid-19. The shares of direct and indirect taxes have been compared in the research paper. It has been found that indirect taxes account put approximately two-thirds of the total amount. The largest share among tax revenues belongs to VAT and is about 50%. Direct taxation gives 1/3 of all tax revenues. The largest share in the group of direct taxes belongs to Income tax and Corporate tax. Results. As a result, it has been concluded that the Tax System of Ukraine is constantly undergoing reforms in search of the most optimal tax rates and the most effective organization of tax work. However, unfortunately, maximum efficiency has not yet been achieved yet because Ukraine still belongs to the group of countries with a high share of the “shadow economy”. The presence of a tax-free economy determines the non-receipt of monetary resources in the budget. These funds could become an additional source of filling the budget in case of changes in tax legislation, which would make it impossible to use tax avoidance schemes and improve the system of tax administration, which would prevent taxpayers from evading taxation.

RESEARCH OF THE FEATURES OF DRUG PROVISION OF THE REPUBLICAN DERMATOVENEROLOGIC SIMFEROPOL DISPENSARY

Abstract. In the structure of the total morbidity of the Russian Federation population in 2018, skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue diseases made about 3,5 of the total number of cases, which amounted to 8330 thousand registered cases of diseases. The purpose of the research was to analyze the expenditure of material resources allocated for drug provision of the State Budgetary Institution of Healthcare of the Republic of Crimea “Clinical Dermatovenerologic Dispensary” (SBIH RC “CDVD”) for the period from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020. Materials and Methods. Based on the data obtained from the Statistical Department of SBIH RC “CDVD” on the financial means expenditures on the purchase of drugs, an assessment of the budgetary funds expenditures was carried out by means of ABC/VEN analysis. Results and discussion. According to the data received, for the period from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020, 3 156 patients were admitted to inpatient departments. 9, 072, 064, 00 rubles were spent on the treatment of patients’ nosologies, while the list of all drugs used included 98 names. The ABC analysis showed the feasibility of spending monetary resources, which confirms the lack of “N”- category (minor) drugs among “A” – category drugs (80% of the budget). The results of VEN-analysis indicated that 50% of the drugs used are referred to “V” category, which indicates that the Healthcare Institution predominantly purchased vital drugs. Conclusion. Active implementation of the methodology of management of medical care with help of modern technologies of ABC- and VEN- analyses allows timely implementation of measures to rationalize drug procurement in inpatient and outpatient healthcare institutions, as well as the choice of drugs for inclusion into the formulary and treatment standards.

EXITING POVERTY THROUGH SELF-EMPLOYMENT: THE GRAMEEN MODEL AND ROTATING CREDIT ASSOCIATIONS AS ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES

Self-employment in the informal sector keeps poor people alive, but it rarely enables them to exit poverty. To exit poverty through self-employment, poor people require monetary and non-monetary resources which they overwhelmingly lack. To escape this dilemma, the owners of survivalist business firms need to band together in order to assemble a minimal resource base on the strength of which they can together upgrade their partnership. Because resources are scarce in poverty populations, this task is exceptionally hard to accomplish. Rotating credit and savings associations (ROSCAs) can enable individuals to exit poverty through self-employment, but ROSCAs only work in the most-resourced, upper tier of a poverty population. In the lower tier, Grameen model banks inject organizational, educational, and financial resources that enable impoverished individuals to exit poverty by upgrading a survivalist business.

Interest Free Banking in Ethiopia: Customer Awareness, Satisfaction and Its Role on Economic Development

This study is aimed at evaluating the customer’s awareness and satisfaction toward Interest-free Banking and its role on Ethiopia economic development with some selected Commercial Bank in Ethiopia. To achieve the aim of the study the primary data was collected from Customers and Managers of the selected banks by using convenience method through questionnaire and interview. While, secondary data was collected by compiling and summarizing the bank’s Annual reports and Journals. The collected data was analyzed in descriptive and inferential analysis. The finding of the study depicts as low customer awareness regarding Interest-free Banking services except the Interest-free Banking account holders. Further, majority of Interest-free Banking account holders are more or less satisfied with the current Interest-free Banking services provided since, it can potentially serve as an alternative banking channel in filling the gap left unaddressed by conventional banking and economic development in relation to idle monetary resource mobilization and allocation, inviting to use banking system, creating employment opportunity, supporting GDP growth and assisting in stabilizing crisis and arresting inflation. Based on the study result it concluded as Interest Free Banking have its own role on the country economic development through mobilizing the idle monitory resource, allocating the monitory resource, creating employment opportunity, and inviting to the banking system. Therefore, it recommended as the banks should make aggressive promotion on Interest Free Banking services for customers awareness specially those of out of Muslim customers, the government has to support and should give more emphasis to enable Interest Free Banking service, promote Interest Free Banking which can help assist the economy in stabilizing economic crisis and arresting inflation.

\u2018I\u2019m Outta Here\u2019: Theorizing the Role of Exit in the Ideal of Non-Domination

Accounts of non-domination have tended to emphasise the role resources and other capacity and voice building mechanisms can play in giving people the power and the institutional means of living lives that are free of domination. Yet the role of exit - of institutionally protected means of withdrawing from relationships - has remained undertheorized in accounts of non-domination. Drawing on a range of public policy examples, this paper seeks to shed light on the ways in which, and under what conditions, institutionalised means of exit can contribute to realising the ideal of non-domination. It shows that while rights of exit and low exit-costs can play an essential role in protecting people from dependence on the arbitrary wills of others, it is only under certain conditions these can be said to contribute to the realisation of the ideal of non-domination in a broader sense. Understanding the relationship between exit and non-domination, it further argues, gives us a clearer (if more complicated) picture of the relationship between non-domination and sources of power such as monetary resources and voice.

Estimation of Maneuverability of Fishing Vessel Considering Hull-Form Characteristics

Fishing vessels with a length (LBP) of less than 100 m are generally not required to comply with the mandatory IMO Ship Maneuverability Standards. Therefore, an analytical method using empirical formula is preferred rather than a model test, which consumes a lot of time and monetary resources in estimating the maneuverability at the design stage. However, most empirical formulas have been derived from the model test results of merchant ships, and in the process, estimation errors may occur when hull-form parameters (L/B or CbB/L) with high correlation are applied to fishing vessel hull form whose characteristics are different from those of merchant ships. Therefore, a modified empirical formula was derived from previous research by including major parameters of fishing vessel hull form in the Kijima 90 empirical formula. In this study, maneuverability of stern trawler hull form is estimated for validating a modified empirical formula. The study confirmed that including characteristic parameters of the fishing vessel hull form in the empirical formula developed for merchant ships could improve the accuracy of estimation.

Synthesizing and analyzing long-term monitoring data: A greater sage-grouse case study

Long-term monitoring of natural resources is imperative for increasing the understanding of ecosystem processes, services, and how to manage those ecosystems to maintain or improve function. Challenges with using these data may occur because methods of monitoring changed over time, multiple organizations collect and manage data differently, and monetary resources fluctuate, affecting many aspects of data. Because many species respond to changes in habitat conditions and predator-prey relationships across different spatial scales that span management boundaries, greater efforts for collaborating are essential. We demonstrate the challenges and methods for standardizing greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) long-term monitoring data across the species range in the western United States to inform population modeling needs identified by the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. We used automated and repeatable methods of standardizing data via custom open-source software (grsg_lekdb) to improve the scientific integrity of future sage-grouse population assessments within and among states. Data standardization included reconciling uses of different terminology and expunging unusable data, resulting in the removal of 26% of data records due to database insertion errors and modifications to >1 million values to correct formatting and typing errors. Our approaches maximized the inclusion of usable data and identified data that could inform detection probabilities, population trends, and monitoring guidelines. Using sage-grouse databases as an example, we identified the importance of data management and how quality assurance and quality control measures can improve the usefulness of these data for future research needs. Our methods of using informatics and concluding recommendations can support similar endeavors of flora and fauna monitoring programs, whether those efforts are to use existing data or support new monitoring programs.

Outcome disparities in rural versus urban patients with head and neck cancer: Leveling the playing field.

e18529 Background: Multiple studies indicate that rural patients experience disproportionately adverse cancer related outcomes, compared to their urban counterparts. This has been attributed to inequities in access to healthcare, monetary and technological resources, disease characteristics, adverse health status and lower life expectancy of rural populace. Whether treating patients with uniform protocols can help mitigate outcome disparities remains to be determined. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate survival outcomes of Head-Neck Squamous Cell Cancer (HNSCC) patients from rural versus urban locales. Only patients with locally advanced HNSCC who completed radiotherapy (RT) at the Emily Couric Clinical Cancer Center were included. Rural patients had access to affordable lodging for the duration of radiotherapy (RT), were treated regardless of health insurance status and by the same multidisciplinary team. Patients with distant metastases were excluded. Patients were classified as urban or rural using the Rural-Urban Commuting Areas (RUCA) zip-code database. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test. OS was modeled with a COX proportional hazards model, adjusting for several covariates including race, age, gender, HPV status, smoking, treatment received (RT, chemotherapy, surgery) and stage. Results: 230 patients with Stage I-IVB HNSCC who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed, of which 136 were categorized as residentially urban and 94 were categorized as rural. Approximately 83% were male, 87% were Caucasian and 71% were smokers (52% current smokers and 19% former smokers). In addition to RT, 42% patients had undergone surgery and 57% received chemotherapy. There was no statistically significant difference in OS for patients residing in rural vs urban zip-codes (HR 1.36, p = 0.24). Rural patients were less likely to undergo surgery (34% vs 44%, p = 0.04), and more likely to receive chemotherapy (67% vs 54%, p = 0.0325), likely indicating more advanced tumor stage at diagnosis. Conclusions: Rural and urban patients had similar OS when treated with similar treatment protocols. Improving access to uniform treatment regimens may help mitigate the widening gap in cancer-related outcomes between rural and urban populations.

Exploring the issue of asymmetry in analysing educational poverty using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA)

This article discusses the issue of conceptual asymmetry and associated analytical challenges, with the concept of educational poverty serving as an empirical example. The notion of educational poverty has been introduced by Allmendinger to describe, analogously to material poverty, a severe shortage or complete lack of educational qualifications. Poverty may be considered to be the opposite of wealth, but absence of poverty is not so obviously the same thing as wealth – in fact, it almost certainly is not. Neither is absence of wealth the same thing as poverty. However, both poverty and wealth are measured using the same raw measure, monetary resources in the case of material poverty or wealth and educational certificates in the case of educational poverty or wealth. This asymmetry and related issues lead to interesting conceptual and methodological challenges in analysing factors contributing to the twin outcomes of educational poverty and wealth, as well as the absence of each. These conceptual or methodological challenges are the focus of this article. Given that both poverty and wealth are experienced by only a minority of individuals, the article also addresses the question of whether explaining relatively rare events requires a different approach than explaining more commonly occurring events or outcomes. The analysis of asymmetry requires the use of a method which is able to distinguish between the presence of an outcome and its absence. This capability is one of the features of Qualitative Comparative Analysis, making it an eminently suitable method for this issue. The empirical example draws on the German National Educational Panel Study. The analyses focus on the four outcomes of educational poverty and its absence and educational wealth and its absence, demonstrating that different pathways are associated with each.

Study of the economic behavior of an individual: correlation between psychological characteristics and monetary attitudes

The subject of this research is the monetary attitudes (financial prudence, money worship, money as socioeconomic status, money anxiety) and monetary relations (attitude to money, representations of monetary behavior). The goal of this article is to examine the specificity of monetary attitudes of an individual, and trace their correlation with psychological characteristics of an individual (risk tolerance and resilience). The research involves 371 respondents, median age of 34.5 years. Research methodology is based on the following instruments: “Scale of Monetary Attitudes” adapted by D. A. Bayazitova and T. A. Lapshova; “Reselience Test  adapted by E. N. Osin and E. I. Rasskazova; “Diagnostics of the Level of Individual Readiness for Risk” adapted by E. P. Ilyin; Zuckerman Sensation-Seeking Scale; essay “My Monetary Behavior”. As a result of the conducted research, description is given to the concept of “monetary behavior”, characteristics of value-semantic attitude towards money of the respondents, and the level of risk behavior in monetary terms. It is established that risky consumer behavior of a person implies the tendency to making “uncontrolled” purchases in the context of systematic money scarcity and pattern of debt (credit) behavior. The author determines that high value of monetary resource is negatively interrelated with the resilience indicators. It is demonstrated that such monetary attitudes as “excessive prudence”, “money worship”, “money anxiety”, “strive for higher socioeconomic status " are accompanied by self-doubt and disbelief in oneself in the situations of risk and uncertainty.

Multidimensional Analyses Reveal Unequal Resource, Economic, and Environmental Gains and Losses among the Global Aluminum Trade Leaders

Disputes around trade inequality have been growing over the last 2 decades, with different countries claiming inequality in different terms including monetary deficits, resource appropriation and degradation, and environmental emission transfer. Despite prior input-output-based studies analyzing multidimensional trade consequences at the sector level, there is a lack of bottom-up studies that uncover the complexity of trade imbalances at the product level. This paper quantifies four types of flows, monetary, resource, embodied energy use, and embodied greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, resulting from aluminum trade for the four economies with the highest aluminum trade, that is, the United States, China, Japan, and Australia. Results show that the United States has a negative balance in monetary flows but a positive balance in resource flows, embodied energy use, and GHG emissions. China has a positive balance in monetary and resource flows but a negative balance in embodied energy use and GHG emissions. Japan has a positive balance in all flows, while Australia has a negative balance in all flows. These heterogeneous gains and losses along the global leaders of aluminum trade arise largely from their different trade structures and the heterogeneities of price, energy use, and GHG emission intensities of aluminum products; for example, Japan mainly imports unwrought aluminum, and its quantity is 3 times that of the exported semis and finished aluminum-containing products that have similar energy and GHG emission intensities but 20 times higher prices, while Australia mainly exports bauxite and alumina that have the lowest prices, the quantity of which is 25 times that of imported semis and finished products. This study suggests that resource-related trade inequalities are not uniform across economic and environmental impacts and that trade policies must be carefully considered from various dimensions.

Making with Shenzhen (Characteristics)—Strategy and Everyday Tactics in a City’s Creative Turn

This paper investigates the government-led maker movement in Shenzhen, China by deploying Michel de Certeau’s concepts of “strategy” and “tactics”. While there is a growing body of literature surrounding the maker movement, the discrepancy between the maker movement presented in urban policies and its participants’ actual practices is underexplored. Situating the exploration in the Chinese context, this article looks into how state intervention shapes the maker movement and actors’ participation. This work starts with considerations of political economy to demonstrate how the “Make with Shenzhen” campaign as a strategy fits into the government’s creative city agenda. It then draws upon the findings of a longitudinal ethnographic study to illuminate how discourses, institutions and apparatuses are tactically appropriated by individuals to mobilize symbolic, monetary, social and political resources to serve their interests. We argue that these tactical practices can potentially lead to meaningful changes in the city of Shenzhen and the everyday life of its people. By juxtaposing the strategy of the “Make with Shenzhen” campaign with the tactical practices surrounding it, this study offers insight into the challenges and possibilities brought about by the city-wide learning and making in the Chinese context.

Особенности экологической политики Словении

In Slovenia, there is an urgent problem of limiting the harmful effects of economic activities that deteriorate the living conditions of people, animals and fl ora. The state is taking measures to encourage residents to stay in their home towns and take care of their arrangement and development, the preservation of natural resources and a comfortable environment for people. Numerous public organizations of civil society play an important role in this. This article outlines the features of the modern environmental policy of Slovenia, carried out within the framework of the general line of the European Union, aimed at the phasing out of carbon fuels and the transition to renewable energy sources. The article analyzes Slovenian official documents, setting out the country's environmental strategy, progress in the implementation of plans for energy and climate measures until 2030, the current state of the energy sector and its compliance with the planned tasks. The author's assessment of the efficiency of the environmental policy carried out in Slovenia and its possible results is presented. It is stated that although the indicators of improving the environmental situation are gradually increasing, the emission of harmful gases is decreasing, and the efficiency of the use of energy and raw materials is improving, Slovenia still lags behind the European average in most of these indicators. Meanwhile, it has a relatively high share of renewable energy sources in its total production. This is achieved through budget subsidies for the energy produced from renewable energy sources so that its price does not exceed the market level. Significant monetary resources are spent to apply a wide range of incentive measures. Therefore, the government is forced to seek opportunities to further increase the funding for environmental activities, in particular through European Union funds, including assistance to fight the coronavirus pandemic. English version of the article on pp. 317-324 at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/features-of-the-environmental-policy-in-slovenia/66114.html

Performance and emission characteristic studies on CRDi diesel engine fuelled with jatropha green diesel

The Use of the fossil fuel power increments regular that leads towards the consumption of fossil fuel along with emissions from diesel or pressure ignition engine contributes development of disease on individuals, thus global government’s arrangements orders call for emissions decline. The expanding comprehension of the above made environmentally agreeable and monetary invaluable resource of green diesel gas become more alluring lately. As a rule, Biodiesel and bioethanol are acknowledged because of the reality planned sustainable transportation fuels. Fatty substances are formed related with the long and direct hydrocarbon spine having a decreased volume of oxygen when contrasted and sugar, starch, and biomass that is cellulosic. It truly is, thusly, thought to be the engaging biomass for assembling hydrocarbon biofuels. Pyrolysis, synergist breaking, and hydro de oxygenation (HDO) are achievable channels for assembling diesel-range hydrocarbons from fatty oils, regularly comprehended as ‘green diesel’. Among these methodology, HDO could be the usually acknowledged course attributable to the high return of green diesel. Also, this course is associated with negligible absence of unsaturated fat’s carbons as unpredictable hydrocarbons. This course further offers the probability of co-handling of fatty substances with raw petroleum parts inside the current hydrotreatment item. in the daily life utilizatation of the fossil fuel

Reframing the experiences of travellers with mobility impairments: Enhancing the leisure constraints model

This paper offers a descriptive enhancement of the leisure constraints model through a qualitative, interview-based study of constraints and facilitators experienced by travellers with mobility impairments. Closely corresponding to the tripartite leisure constraints model and its acknowledgment of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural constraints, four themes emerge in relation to the presence of both constraints and facilitators: psychology, people, place, and payment. These four “Ps” demonstrate the complexity of travel with mobility impairments: barriers and enablers that exist within the mind (psychology), the importance of other individuals who both encourage and discourage participation (people), the role played by the physical environment (place), and the significance of access to monetary resources (payment). The four “P” approach adds to the leisure constraints model by building on its scale-based focus – intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural factors – with descriptive terms that speak more pointedly to specific categories of constraints and facilitators. This study contributes to knowledge through adding to previously identified constraints and facilitators as well as introducing a new way to categorise them.

Диференціація доходів населення в сучасних умовах розвитку економіки

Income generation is a problem that cannot leave anyone indifferent. It is known that income in a market economy is a fee for the use of production resources or a reward for the contribution to the creation of the product. It is the main source of meeting the needs of consumer goods and services, due to their accumulation and consumption, and the level and quality of life is determined by the quantity and quality of goods that can be purchased for their income. Income determines the level and quality of life of the population and is an indicator of its well-being. In Ukraine, the differentiation of incomes is growing every year, which weakens the economic development of the country. Half of the country’s population lives below the poverty line, and skilled labor emigrates abroad as a result of growing social tensions. Political instability, military confrontation in the east, low living standards, the epidemiological situation associated with the coronavirus pandemic, the development of the shadow economy, high levels of corruption, low wages, and impoverishment have led to income differentiation. Therefore, the state should focus all its activities not only on socio-economic development of the country, finding effective methods, norms, standards to improve the quality and quality of life, but also pursue a reasonable and balanced income regulation policy that will reduce the ratio between poor and rich. The income of the population should reflect the social status of the individual or household. However, currently incomes do not show the real standard of living of the population, so they are studied and studied together with the costs. It should be noted that in Ukraine in recent years there has been deterioration in living standards population, which leads to a reduction in household savings (accumulation of non-financial assets). The results of the study show that the population spends most of its income on consumption, namely on food and do not have the opportunity to make savings, which can be investment resources. Therefore, the lack of monetary resources in the domestic market forces the government and economic entities to attract them abroad, which leads to an increase in external debt and a decrease in the welfare of the population. It is possible to overcome income differentiation, but it is difficult, it requires financial resources and an effective and competent socio-economic policy aimed at improving the standard and quality of life.

Accounts receivable from the chemical enterprises: factor analysis

This research analyzes the impact of certain factors upon the accounts receivable from chemical enterprises. The subject of this article is the accounts receivable, while the object is the Russian chemical enterprises. The goal lies in building a regression model of the dependence of accounts receivable from chemical enterprises on the explanatory factors selected in the course of analysis. The internal factors include sales revenue, net profit, accounts payable, management expenses, return on total assets, etc. The external factors include gross domestic product, monetary supply, and Networked Readiness Index. The author creates an econometric model based on the financial report data for 44 enterprises, and statistical information for the period from 2015 to 2019. The result of modeling reveals a considerable impact of such indicators as monetary resources, accounts payable, and management expenses upon the size of accounts receivable. The conclusion is made on the expansion of digital components of management expenses in the context of the goal of research. The novelty of this article is substantiated from the perspective of application of the acquired results for forecasting the level of accounts receivable and more effective management of the payables policy of the enterprise. It is noted that the internal financial and economic indicators have most impact upon the size of accounts receivable from chemical enterprises.

Organic agriculture and structural investment: innovative proportions of the food sector

Organic agriculture, ensuring food quality, is under competitive pressure from both high-intensity technologies and environmental requirements. In the agricultural economy, there are significant risks of reducing the investment attractiveness of agriculture, which is slowly but surely being transformed into a certain biochemical corporation. Investments in high-intensity agriculture, a priori having a high return, form a different industry structure from the traditional one and, as a result, a biochemical model of nutrition. It is necessary to establish parameters of structural proportions in the agricultural economy, the achievement of which would ensure the implementation of the strategic goal of food security. In this case, the investment sphere should be supplemented with a structural investment mechanism that will provide monetary resources for the specified structural transformations based on the principles of science-based planning.