Monetary Remuneration Research Articles

Challenges of Frontline health workers on reduction of anaemia among adolescents: A Qualitative enquiry

Purpose: High prevalence of anaemia is a severe public health problem in several low- and middle-income countries like India. In adolescents, anaemia has been linked to impaired physical and mental development and increases reproductive morbidities among adolescent girls during their womanhood. To tackle this high prevalence, number of government programs have been launched in India. However, a slow decline in the prevalence of anaemia has been reported in Indian adolescents over the recent past. Therefore, it is important to unfold the issues in reduction of prevalence of anaemia and the current study was carried out to identify challenges in reducing anaemia among adolescent girls. Methods: 33 frontline health workers were recruited from 6 randomly selected villages (out of 6, 2 villages were having population less than 2000, 2 villages were having population 2000 to 5000 and 2 villages were having more than 5000 population) of Kashi Vidyapeeth block, Varanasi. between January 2022 to April 2022. In-depth, face-to-face interviews were carried out in local language using an interview guide. All the interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcribed data was analysed manually for theme extraction. This study was granted ethical permission by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Results: Following major themes were extracted during the data analysis: (i) Poor knowledge about adolescent health-related issues; (ii) non-adherence to program guidelines; (iii) Irregularity in the supply chain; (iv) Beneficiary’s lack of interest in only education about anaemia in the community; (v) Excessive administrative burden; (vi) Dissatisfaction in terms of monetary remuneration. Conclusions: The emerging findings throw light on the knowledge & perspective of Frontline health workers about program guidelines and also highlights the different challenges in implementing anaemia prevention strategies faced by them at the grass root level.

Village Justice System Implementation and Performance among Selected Villages in Southern Leyte Province, Philippines

The successful implementation of the Village Justice System (Katarungang Pambarangay) relies on the effectiveness, efficiency, creativity, and resourcefulness of Village Justice Committees. With the enactment of the Local Government Code of 1991 (RA 7160), the authority to resolve community disputes was decentralized to the 42,025 villages nationwide. This study aimed to review and analyzed the implementation and performance of the Village Justice System in selected best perfoming villages of Southern Leyte Province. Specifically, it assessed the degree of law implementation, performance profile, significant relationships between variables, and the severity of problems. Employing both descriptive and inferential methods, the researcher selected top five best performing Village Justice Committees out of 500 in Southern Leyte, based on rankings provided by the DILG-Southern Leyte Provincial Office. The findings reveal excellent performance among the selected Village Justice Committees, demonstrated by high compliance with settlement procedures and deadlines, regular meetings, and quality case settlements. The study suggests a correlation between case settlement quality and committee performance in terms of adherence to procedures and meeting frequency. This exemplary performance is credited to the creative and resourceful approaches of committee members, utilizing best practices, innovative mediation techniques, robust communication strategies, and support system. However, there were problems due to lack of monetary remuneration and non-monetary incentive support as well as other administrative assistance given by Municipal/City Local Government Units (LGUs), National Government Agencies (NGAs), Non-Government Organizations (NGOs)/ Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and the Private Sector. A Development Action Plan is formulated to solve the problems.

TRENDS TOWARDS BUILDING A SYSTEM OF PERSONNEL INCENTIVES IN THE FIELD OF ADDITIONAL EDUCATION

The article voices the problems of multiple approaches to building a system of employee incentives from the positions of labor economics, psychology and management. An analysis of the content characteristics of the personnel incentives category used by the authors in the scientific literature is carried out, and in order to compile a holistic picture of the field of study, the categories of labor incentives and motivation are analyzed. Theoretical analysis revealed that there is no single approach to the interpretation of the concept of “stimulation”, which is often replaced by the category of “motivation” A list of factors that have a stimulating and motivating effect on work activity is proposed. The features of motivating incentives are highlighted in relation to the specifics of the activities of the organization of additional education. It was revealed that in order to stimulate personnel in the organization of additional education, increasing social status and seeing the prospects for personal development can serve as an element of motivation and should contribute to the development of professional competencies. The balance of coincidence of interests of the individual and the organization is included in the proposed concept of the mechanism for stimulating staff of the organization of additional education. A list of motivating factors for building a personnel incentive system was generated, and on its basis a study was conducted among 36 employees of an additional education organization. It was revealed that, along with traditional effective incentives (monetary remuneration based on work results, comfortable working conditions, benefits, gratitude, rewards, safety), it is important for employees of additional education organizations to feel involved in the employer and the opportunity for self-realization and self-development. As a study result, three groups of psychological, social and non-material incentives were proposed as the basis of a generalized model of stimulating staff of an additional education organization, based on the harmonization of the interests of the subjects of the study: the individual and the organization.

Высшие суды на страже прав и законных интересов военнослужащих: недвусмысленное напоминание ст. 37 Конституции РФ — закон прямого действия

The article analyzes the recent practices of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the Judicial Chamber on Cases of Military Servicemen of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The focus is on the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of specific servicemen who were illegally convicted and/or deprived of the right to appropriate monetary remuneration based on the decisions of military courts. The analysis includes specific examples.

Dependency and Social Recognition of Online Platform Workers: Evidence From a Mixed‐Methods Study

This article is about those who need or want to make a living from working on online platforms. Moreover, questions of financial dependence are related to why this work is done and what social recognition the workers expect from it. Our mixed‐methods approach captures this heterogeneous field of online platform work by dividing it into three categories: (a) microwork, (b) mesowork, and (c) macrowork. Microwork involves offering short, repetitive tasks to an anonymous crowd, such as human intelligence tasks. Macrowork consists of market‐based freelance platforms offering highly skilled professionals complex and more extensive tasks. In between, mesowork covers platforms offering specialized tasks such as software testing or content creation. While income opportunities and working conditions vary widely between these platforms, common features include self‐employment and the ability to work from anywhere. Quantitative results show that only for a few highly skilled workers does income from platform work account for a crucial share of their household income. Surprisingly, workers’ household incomes do not differ by skill level. Qualitative results complement this picture by giving us a more contextual understanding of the significant variation among workers. We find cases in which monetary remuneration is not the only reason for doing platform work. So, despite all the criticism of precarious working conditions, platform work does have some positive aspects and can also hold the potential for the social inclusion of people who cannot participate in traditional labor markets. This article contributes to these discussions by providing workers’ perspectives on the risks and challenges of online platform work, acknowledging their different living situations, socioeconomic status, and health issues.

Robust optimal consensus feedback mechanism with private interest in the context of uncertain cost

During the process of obtaining a consensus, the moderator may recommend modifications based on his personal interests to steer decision-makers (DMs) toward modifying their viewpoints so that the consensus evolves in the desired direction. In the process of revising opinions, the moderator must provide sufficient monetary remuneration to those who are willing to modify their opinions. Nevertheless, there is a lot of uncertainty and both internal and external factors affect the adjustment cost of decision-making. This paper proposes two robust optimal consensus feedback mechanisms with private interests in the context of uncertain cost (UCRFM), taking into account the moderator’s private interests and uncertain cost, minimizing the consensus cost under the established consensus threshold, and maximizing the fuzzy consensus measure under the given cost budget. Initially, two types of UCRFMs are presented by employing two uncertainty sets to characterize the uncertain cost, and then two UCRFMs are turned equivalently into a 0-1 programming model. Secondly, based on different uncertainty sets, the corresponding robust counterparts of UCRFMs are constructed to obtain the optimal total consensus cost and the maximum fuzzy consensus. Finally, comprehensive experimental research is conducted to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach, and a comparison between the models is given.

Free Digital Labor as a New Form of Exploitation: A Critical Analysis

The notion of Free Digital Labor has emerged at the center of scientific debate with the advent of platform capitalism. This notion denotes the apparently free activity that users perform on digital platforms, producing, often unknowingly, data without any monetary remuneration. It is therefore particularly useful in signaling the progressive loss of a clear distinction between working time and leisure time. The paradigmatic example of the valorization of these activities is provided by Google and Facebook. Their accumulation system is based on a multi-sided market logic, in which the extraction of user data is combined with online advertising. Recent debate has raised several objections to the notion of Free Digital Labor. Our aim is to clarify the terms of the debate and to revive the relevance of the notion of Free Digital Labor through a historical and theoretical analysis of the transformations of the relationship between capital and labor.

Surrogacy (Regulation) bill 2020 and its implications on the reproductive tourism industry in India

Surrogacy in India is an unfettered and unregulated practice which is being carried out blatantly without any legal sanction. The guidelines issued by the Indian Council of Medical Research to regulate clinics running Surrogacy arrangements under the umbrella of Artificial Reproductive Technique are the current driving force of this Fertility Tourism Industry. The codified law is yet to be adopted and implemented. The growth in the assisted reproductive technology (ART) methods is the recognition of the fact that infertility as a medical condition is a huge impediment in the overall well-being of couples and cannot be overlooked, especially in a patriarchal society like India. A woman is respected as a wife only if she is a mother of a child so that her husband's masculinity and sexual potency is proved and the lineage continues. The practice of nourishing another's fetus in the womb is known as surrogacy. Surrogacy has been the most contentious use of ARTs. These include the possibility of finding substitutes not only for parental genetic material but also for the womb. Surrogacy is a tripartite agreement which includes the intending parents, the surrogacy clinics, and the surrogate woman who agree to commission a pregnancy on behalf of another woman, ready to relinquish all her rights on the child born out of the arrangement for a monetary remuneration. The practice of surrogacy involves social, moral, legal, ethical, and scientific issues in an attempt to harmonize conflicting interests. This paper will focus on the new Surrogacy Bill 2020 and its implications on the medical infertility tourism industry in India.

СПІВРОБІТНИЦТВО СУБЄКТІВ ПРИВАТНОЇ ДЕТЕКТИВНОЇ (РОЗШУКОВОЇ) ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ З ПІДРОЗДІЛАМИ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІЦІЇ

Arguments in favor of the introduction of the institute of private detective activity in Ukraine, its formation and development at the present stage are given. The necessity of legislative regulation of issues of private detective (search) activity in the context of cooperation with law enforcement agencies, in particular with units of the National Police of Ukraine, is determined. The author's definition of private detective activity is presented, which is proposed to be defined as allowed by the National Police of Ukraine professional business activities of private detectives and private detective companies (agencies) to provide clients with detective services to protect their legal rights and interests on the grounds and in the manner prescribed by law. It is noted that the author's interpretation provides for the inclusion in the definition of the term that characterizes private detective activity as one of the types of business activities, as such activities are carried out on a contractual basis, profit and should be taxable under current Ukrainian legislation. Ways of cooperation between subjects of private detective (search) activity and divisions of the National Police of Ukraine are also offered. It is noted that the basis for effective cooperation between the subjects of private detective (investigative) activities and state law enforcement agencies should be the exchange of information regulated by law. This will allow not only to carry out separate (independent) activities, but also to carry out joint planning and joint measures to prevent offenses. The author notes that the most promising cooperation between private detectives and operational search units of the National Police may be in the field of search for missing persons, including children. However, in such cooperation, private detectives may have certain advantages. Compared to police officers, private detectives themselves determine the size of their workload, which will contribute to the greatest focus on a particular case. Also, the provision of paid services will promote a conscientious attitude to the assigned duties, as the amount of monetary remuneration of a private detective may vary depending on the results of his work. The author presents arguments in favor of granting supervisory powers in the field of private detective work to the internal affairs bodies of Ukraine.

How a compensated kidney donation program facilitates the sale of human organs in a regulated market: the implications of Islam on organ donation and sale

BackgroundAdvocates for a regulated system to facilitate kidney donation between unrelated donor-recipient pairs argue that monetary compensation encourages people to donate vital organs that save the lives of patients with end-stage organ failure. Scholars support compensating donors as a form of reciprocity. This study aims to assess the compensation system for the unrelated kidney donation program in the Islamic Republic of Iran, with a particular focus on the implications of Islam on organ donation and organ sales.MethodsThis study reviews secondary documents for philosophical argumentation and ethical analysis of human organ donation and sale for transplantation.Results and discussionAccording to Islamic law, organ donation is an act of sadaqatul jariyah, and individuals are permitted to donate organs with the intention of saving lives. The commercialization of humans as organ sellers and buyers is contrary to the Islamic legal maxim eethaar, undermining donors of ‘selfless’ or ‘altruistic’ motivations. Such an act should be considered immoral, and the practice should not be introduced into other countries for the sake of protecting human dignity, integrity, solidarity, and respect. I, therefore, argue that Iran’s unrelated kidney donation program not only disregards the position of the Islamic religion with respect to the provision or receipt of monetary benefits for human kidneys for transplantation but that it also misinterprets the Islamic legal proscription of the sale of human organs. I also argue that the implementation of Iran’s unrelated kidney donor transplantation program is unethical and immoral in that potential donors and recipients engage in a bargaining process akin to that which sellers and buyers regularly face in regulated commodity exchange markets. Conversely, I suggest that a modest fixed monetary remuneration as a gift be provided to a donor as a reward for their altruistic organ donation, which is permissible by Islamic scholars. This may remove the need to bargain for increased or decreased values of payment in exchange for the organ, as well as the transactional nature of ‘buyer and seller’, ensuring the philosophy of ‘donor and recipient’ is maintained.ConclusionsOffering a fixed modest monetary incentive to organ donors would serve to increase organ supply while protecting donors’ health and reducing human suffering without legalizing the human organ trade.

Making IT.Integrator a woman-friendly company

Learning outcomes The learning outcomes are as follows: Identify obvious and hidden impediments to women’s careers; offer initiatives that change women’s career opportunities; explore available instruments to change the corporate culture to deal with gender issues management; and identify tools that help secure changes in these uncertain times. Case overview/Synopsis The case is based on the situation that Nadia Omelchenko, Vice President of IT.Integrator, the leading Ukrainian systems integration company, faced in 2021, when COVID-19 put her thus-far successful initiatives aimed at promoting women’s careers at risk. In 2020, lockdowns were being imposed and lifted, and remote-work practices were evolving. Most women in the IT sector opted for working from home and infrequent attendance at in-office, face-to-face meetings offices because of increased family responsibilities. Her executive team members had become disgruntled about continuing to invest resources in women’s development programs. They believed that the whole idea of women’s promotion was a waste of time because in critical situations they prioritized family obligations and neglected their managerial responsibilities. One of Omelchenko’s main tasks was to secure the company’s ability to recruit and retain the best talent and reinforce the company’s position in the market. As in many emerging economies, a serious skill shortage was the common refrain in Ukraine. Many employers were facing the need to offer more than just monetary remuneration. Moreover, many Ukrainian IT companies were competing with international companies that had more financial resources and policies in place for retaining talent. This case study examines the Ukrainian IT sector, its legal and regulatory framework, and the implication of COVID-19 for the sector. The gender-equality situation is reviewed. Omelchenko's personal journey toward fostering opportunities for women and diversity, as well as her programs and initiatives to change the corporate culture and unlock women’s potential, are discussed. Complexity academic level MBA and Masters students or senior BBA and participants of the executive development programs Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 6: Human Resource Management.

Perceptions of Teachers about Effects of Sexual Harassment on Academic Performance of Students with Hearing Impairment

When it comes to sexual harassment, it is defined as any sort of sexual harassment or manipulation and the unwelcome or improper offering of monetary remuneration in return for sexual favors. The impacts of sexual harassment on the students' academic performance with hearing impairment were explored in this study, which looked at teachers' impressions of the consequences. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to investigate special education teachers' impressions of the incidence of sexual harassment and the consequences of such harassment on the performance of students with hearing impairment. The data for this study was gathered through the use of a questionnaire. Several types of statistics were employed to address the study questions,including descriptive and inferential statistics. According to the findings of the data analysis, sexual harassment is a frequent practice in special academic institutions for children with hearing impairments, and sexual harassment has a negative impact on the academic performance of students with hearing impairments.

Legal nature of monetary reward under surrogacy agreement

The article is devoted to the consideration of the current problem of insufficient regulatory regulation of relations in the field of surrogacy in relation to the monetary reward of a surrogate mother. It should be noted that the action of the legislator largely lag behind the needs of practice, which causes many legal disputes over the nature of the surrogacy contract, subjective rights and obligations of the parties, the consequences of improper fulfillment of obligations taking into account the specifics of legal relations. The purpose of this article is to identify the gaps in legislation that the parties to the surrogacy agreement face when it is executed when disputes arise over the monetary remuneration of the surrogate mother. Legal status of the parties to the contract, features of payment for surrogate mother services under various circumstances taking into account the booming practice depend on the legal nature of the surrogacy contract.

MOTIVATION OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES OF MANAGERS OF SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN KYIV

The article presents the results of a research of the features of the motivational sphere of of the administrators (principals and their assistants) of Institutions of general secondary education, conducted by the Chair of Educational Leadership of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University in October-November 2021. This was a pilot phase of the study, which covered 208 people holding senior positions in secondary schools in Kyiv. The purpose of the pilot phase was to study the motivational sphere of managers, which involves identifying the most common motives, the ratio of internal and external motivation of respondents, the dynamics of changes in motivational complexes depending on seniority, as well as the interaction of motives with their attitude to innovation in education. Regarding the tasks, the method «Motivation of professional activity» by K. Zamfir in a modification of A. Rean, was chosen. The research showed that the most important motives of professional activity for the leaders of secondary schools are: satisfaction with the process and results of their work; opportunities for self-realization in management; the receiving of adequate monetary remuneration for their work. The key determining factor for the respondents is the internal motivation for the managerial activity. Internal motivation remains dominant throughout the period of activity. Most respondents have a positive attitude towards innovation, combined with a high level of internal motivation. A further perspective of the study may be the creation of an appropriate psycho-correctional program aimed at increasing internal motivation and further improving the reform steps in the field of education. Also, a separate task may be to study the dynamics of the motivational sphere under the influence of the challenges of the war in Ukraine.

ОПЛАТА ТРУДА В БЮДЖЕТНОЙ СФЕРЕ: СОСТОЯНИЕ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ

The object of the study is the new system of remuneration (NSOT) in the public sector of the Russian Federation and its main elements. The goal is to analyze the system of remuneration for employees of public sector institutions and develop proposals for its improvement. Methods of quantitative and qualitative and critical analysis of scientific, regulatory and legal sources and statistical data were used. The results of the study revealed a number of problems in the application of NSOT in the public sector, which leads to an outflow of personnel from organizations, a deterioration in the quality of services provided to the population. One of these problems is the decentralization of the organization of the salary payment process when institutions received the right to determine the structure of earnings, the system of remuneration themselves. As a result, a situation arose when compensation and incentive payments began to account for more than half of the monetary remuneration, which led to the strongest differentiation in salaries, its differences across regions, i.e. violations of the principles of «equal pay for equal work» and «social justice». Fixed official salaries of public sector employees in most cases did not ensure the implementation of the reproductive function of remuneration. As a result, the authors concluded that it is necessary to strengthen state regulation in the field of remuneration, reduce the number of compensation and incentive payments and ensure the unity of their calculation. The obtained theoretical and practical results of the study can be used in the implementation and development of the policy of remuneration in the public sector, staffing and improving the efficiency of their use.

ВИПЛАТА ВИНАГОРОДИ АРБІТРАЖНОМУ КЕРУЮЧОМУ У СПРАВІ ПРО БАНКРУТСТВО: ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ І ПРАКТИЧНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ

The arbitral trustee faces many problems in his work, but the most important is question about pay for his services. The purpose of the article is to study the legal regulation of remuneration to the trustee in bankruptcy, identify problems that arise in practice in the application of the relevant provisions of the Code of Ukraine on Bankruptcy Procedure and highlight on this basis the author’s vision of the remuneration of the trustee in bankruptcy. The authors argued the introduction of a provision on the appointment of an arbitral trustee to perform the powers of the administrator of property in the event of bankruptcy proceedings on the application of the initiating creditor as a permanent one, which will work after the launch of the Unified Judicial Information and Telecommunication System. This will allow to adhere to the principle of dispositiveness, as one of the principles of the Code of Ukraine on Bankruptcy Procedure, according to which the bankruptcy procedure is carried out. Based on the results of the study, the authors conclude that the arbitral trustee should be able to choose in which bankruptcy case to participate, and which to refuse, what amount of remuneration he should receive and so on. In reorganization and liquidation proceedings, only creditors (through the creditors’ committee) should elect an arbitration trustee to perform the powers of the reorganization trustee and liquidator. Creditors must pay a fee to the trustee if they are interested in settling their claims. The arbitral trustee shall exercise his / her powers for a fee, which shall consist of a principal and an additional fee. The arbitration trustee may also receive funds from creditors from the fund to advance the monetary reward. It is necessary to distinguish between the concepts of “the emergence of the right to monetary remuneration” and “payment of monetary remuneration”. The emergence of the right to monetary remuneration means that only the first condition has come — the payment deadline. However, the payment of monetary remuneration is not automatic, as only creditors can assess the effectiveness of the arbitral trustee in the procedure of disposition of property.

Graduate Tracer Study of the Faculty of Nursing University of Tripoli, Libya: An Evidenced-Based Information for Curriculum Update and its Implications in Quality Assurance

The Faculty of Nursing ensures the quality of education it provides is suitable to the health needs to meet the demands and challenges of health care in the country. Deemed to produce future nursing leaders and educators, the faculty has undertaken its first graduate tracer study. Graduate tracer studies obtain both intrinsic and extrinsic results and benefits. Intrinsic results can be used to point at areas for improvement in study programs and service delivery at universities. The study, based on the Commission on Higher Education-adapted survey questionnaire filled in by the Bachelor of Science in Nursing graduates batch 2011-2017. With descriptive-normative research design and snowball sampling technique, smoothed the way for 126 respondents out of 189 graduates. Data showed a predominance of females over males, single over married, mostly within 2528 years of age. Majority were employed as full time in a government health facility, as well as with satisfaction in their work as a nurse ascribable to monetary remuneration. The job placement rate of the graduates is 65%, filling in the shortage of nurses in Libya. The competency-based curriculum is consistent, aligned and relevant to the nursing job requirements in Libya. Accorded well to the World Health Organization’s patient safety curriculum, ‘Safe and Quality Nursing Care’ competency appraised as the most used in their area of nurse work. Followed by ‘communication’, ‘human relations’, ‘research’, ‘problem solving’, and ‘leadership’. ‘Critical thinking’ however deemed as least used competency in the care of patients. The study recommends regular graduates tracking, further curriculum development and policy on educational achievement as one of the criteria for remuneration. Furthermore, researches on topics related to extent of knowledge and application of the learned competencies in nursing education, employability and the employers’ preferences on employability of the graduates, job satisfaction and its factors among graduates and competencies used by nurse-employed and non-nurse employed nursing graduates. Lastly, an assessment of the faculty’s program and learning is essential for teaching innovations’ upgrade and development not to disregard strategies to improve critical thinking abilities and use among nurses in their area of practice. This is to achieve the end goal of this present study, to entrench quality assurance within the faculty from the evidenced-information in distinction to the voice of its graduates.

Управление развитием талантов

Developing the talents of the organization’s employees is becoming an increasingly important component for the formation of the organization’s competitive advantages since it is aimed at attracting and retaining high-quality specialists. The concept of talent can be described as a multifaceted phenomenon, including person’s abilities acquired from birth, skills obtained throughout life, and involvement in a favorite type of occupation. The article describes the main ways to identify employees’ talents, such as: “Tricky questions”, “Matrix for determining talent”, and analysis of employee’s personal life. The author recommends paying special attention to the context and examples of difficult situations from the employee’s work activities, the made-up decisions in these conditions, as well as to analyze the most successfully mastered areas. The author also identifies key positions regarding the motivation of talent development and emphasizes that the main driving force in creative activity is not monetary remuneration or evaluation of human efforts but opportunities for employees to show an aptitude to research, learn and develop. As a result of analyzing the experience of talent management in the public service of the city of Singapore, the article highlights such methods of working with talented employees as allocating working time for training, staff rotation, participation in inter- structural project teams, and mentoring. Also, the author considers the trend of introduction and use of artificial intelligence in the organization’s activities and its impact on the work of talented employees. It allows automating routine work and creating conditions for shifting the focus of employees to work creatively.

ЦІННІСНА ОРІЄНТАЦІЯ ПРАЦІ: ГЕНЕЗИС І РОЗВИТОК

The value orientation of labor is the main component of its further efficiency. It is what determines the employee’s attitude to the tasks being performed, to coworkers, and to the enterprise as a whole. Value is considered as a monetary remuneration for certain results of labor as an economic category. In a more detailed sense, this category is defined as a set of external factors and personal qualities of an individual that contribute to obtaining a certain level of labor return. The influence of these factors on the value orientation of labor varied depending on the level of development of production technology. The decisive indicator was the desire to have the necessary things to meet the needs of the levels І, ІІ, and ІІІ. People’s interests and aspirations for self-improvement changed the course of civilizational progress, made adjustments, and contributed new needs and things to realize them in the future. Humanity at the stage of the post-industrial and information and technological society has a full range of commodity values due to the progress of the technological method of production as the result of the value orientation of labor. This article is devoted to the description of the nature of the elements of the value orientation of labor and its evolution in parallel with the evolution of civilization. It is not possible to consider the nature of the formation of the value of labor as something established, static and non-changing. Since human society is characterized by a multiplicity of characters and behaviors, there are many personal attitudes toward work and combinations of factors that shape these attitudes. These include elements of upbringing, the educational system, moral standards, culture and traditions in society, and each individual’s personal perception of his or her own self, which is not very important. These components, both individually and collectively, contribute to the formation of a certain stereotype of behavior in relation to work, its results and personal participation in this process, consumer or constructive relationships in this process. It is the value orientation of labor, which is inherent in a certain stage of transformation of social and production relations.

Еволюція законодавства про банкрутство в Україні

The article is aimed at defining the main changes in the bankruptcy legislation in Ukraine, as well as the stages of evolution of the bankruptcy institute. The dynamics of bankruptcies of enterprises is considered, stages of evolution of the bankruptcy institute in Ukraine are systematized. Despite the small number of real bankruptcies so far, this problem in the context of quarantine measures is very significant and requires sufficient attention, since mass bankruptcies have an immoderate impact on the country’s economy. As a result of the study, the main changes in the legislation of Ukraine on bankruptcy procedures are determined. These are the criteria for opening a debtor’s bankruptcy procedure; approach to establishing and paying monetary remuneration of the insolvency receiver; term of sanitation; deadline for filing an application by the creditor for debt repayment after publication about opening a bankruptcy procedure; norm on limiting the participation of interested parties in voting at a meeting of creditors when approving a sanitation plan; term for filing an application by the creditor for the repayment of debt after publication about opening a bankruptcy procedure, as well as the possibility of bankruptcy of an individual – not a business entity. The new Code of Ukraine on Bankruptcy Procedures has enacted a set of innovations designed to improve the State regulation of the process of rehabilitation of potentially capable enterprises through their sanitation or reorganization, as well as to simplify the liquidation procedure for those enterprises whose opportunities have already been exhausted, and establishing their activities is impossible. The positive consequences of the introduction of the Code should be a reduction in the terms of application of property management procedures and sanitation measures while increasing the efficiency of these measures.