Monetary Donations Research Articles

기업주도형 축제 인지도가 기업의 사회적 책임과 기업이미지에 미치는 영향 : 2019 계족산 맨발축제를 중심으로

Corporate has changed its approach to CSR(Corporate Social Responsibility) from corporate philanthropy including monetary donation and aid into supporting cultural and arts activities as a strategic marketing so as to satisfy customers who seek quality of life and value and to build strong emotional connections with the customers. On the other hand, municipal governments have competitively held regional festivals using its local assets for place marketing in order to contribute to the competitiveness of the region. Therefore, community-based corporate can sponsor or hold local festivals to contribute to communities where place marketing is needed while practicing CSR at the same time. The Gyejoksan Barefoot Festival is a corporate-driven local festival that has been held by Mackiss Company since 2006. The Chungnam based company has built red clay road around Geyjok mountain which is a public place. The Gyejoksan Barefoot Festival is differentiated from other private local festivals in some ways; it has a unique content such as walking barefoot on the red clay road and Geyjoksan became a famous place while Mackiss Company has been practicing CSR. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of awareness about corporate-driven festivals on CSR and corporate image focusing the Gyejoksan Barefoot Festival. As a result, it was found that awareness of corporate-driven festival affects corporate image and SCR. The characteristics of corporate-driven festival can be changed according to the role of CSR in addition to the improvement of corporate image.

The invisible identity in a visible world: how religiosity mediates consumer culture and the marketplace

Purpose This paper aims to offer a systematic view of religious consumption and its iterative influences on consumers, as well as their differences in attitudes, values and behaviors. Design/methodology/approach Using a mixed-method approach – both qualitative and quantitative – the study develops religious self-transformation and self-categorization scales to empirically evaluate the hypotheses. Findings The convergence of consumption, self-identification and religious attitudes and behaviors proffer an essentially subjective concept useful in understanding the existential reflection and supernatural orientation that individuals may seek through consumption. Cluster analysis (based on product, services, media and practices) reveals four quadrants. The non-religious (religious) group has low (high) consumption in all four consumption categories Self-categorization (self-transformation) group has high (low) level of product consumption, but low (high) in all three other categories. This research presented four invisible identities that are visibly different in terms of life satisfaction, religious brand preference, dollars spending on religious products and monetary donation. Research limitations/implications This research only considers one medium-size city as opposed to all types of cities. All religious affiliated and nonaffiliated respondents are included in the total sample. Practical implications The study offers new insights into the triadic relationship between religious self-identification, religious consumption, and the marketplace that can be used in branding, segmentation, targeting, positioning, and persuasive advertising, public relation and social media, and services marketing. Social implications Religion addresses the nature of existence. In this religion–consumer–brand nexus, consumption is a way for consumers to experience and immense themselves in the sacred to solidify, communicate, transform, improve and transport who they are capitalizing on religious self-identification can affectively promote positive social change. Originality/value This work proposes four invisible identities that are different in consumption of religious products and services in terms of patterns and purposes. These groups of consumers shape the marketplace through the derived utility of their religious consumption based on their self-identification, which in turn influences their religious brand preference.

Comportements pro-environnementaux et exposition à la nature : une étude expérimentale

L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser si les comportements pro-environnementaux peuvent être renforcés par le simple fait de mettre les individus dans un cadre qui rappelle la nature. Pour ce faire, nous avons réalisé une expérience en laboratoire où nous avons créé des cadres de décision dits de nature vs urbain (à travers le visionnage de vidéos), et nous avons observé deux types de comportements : une donation monétaire à une organisation non gouvernementale (ONG) environnementale (éco-don) et un effort pour recycler sous la forme d’un geste vert (éco-geste). Nous montrons que les participants mis dans un contexte de nature sont plus incités à donner, donnent en moyenne plus et recyclent en plus grand nombre comparativement aux participants ayant été mis dans un contexte urbain. Les résultats mettent également en avant qu’il n’existe pas de lien entre le comportement de don et la décision de recyclage. Notre travail donne de nouvelles pistes pour concevoir des politiques de préservation de l’environnement.

Reward crowdfunding contribution as planned behaviour: An extended framework

Reward crowdfunding is a popular channel for entrepreneurial fundraising, whereby backers receive non-monetary benefits in return for monetary contributions while accepting risks of non-delivery on campaign pitch promises. To understand contribution behavior in this context, we apply the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) for analyzing contribution intentionality and behavior, as well as their antecedents. We use survey data from 560 users of Finland's leading reward crowdfunding platform– Mesenaatti. Our findings show that an extended TPB model holds for reward crowdfunding and that both financial-contribution intentions and information-sharing intentions predict behavior. This highlights the dual nature of reward crowdfunding-contribution intentions and behavior, where information sharing helps reduce information asymmetry and serves as a quality signal in support of financial contribution. This paper also presents significant differences in attitudes, self-efficacy, financial contribution and information-sharing intentions between high-sum and low-sum contributors.

Early exposure to community service learning in the medical curriculum: A model for orientation week introduction

Community service learning programs in pre-clerkship medical education are increasingly recognized as important in creating physicians who recognize the effects of one’s environment on their health and further strive to advocate for these patients to receive access to social programs that can improve their outcomes. The University of Ottawa Aesculapian Society recognized that an excellent method for providing early exposure to service opportunities in one’s new community is through Orientation Weeks. Prior to this year, no Orientation Week across Ontario had a philanthropy focus. Philanthropy in most students’ eyes refers to monetary donation. Understandably, Orientation Week directors continuously make the decision that asking medical students to donate money during the first week of one of many financially demanding yeas is unrealistic. Ottawa decided to incorporate philanthropy into our Orientation Week in the more inclusive form of community service, allowing students to donate their time, rather than donating their money. In addition to ensuring that philanthropy still has the opportunity to be a fundamental component of bonding during Medical School Orientation Weeks, as it does at the Undergraduate degree level, our initiative also served to facilitate early exposure to the various organizations students could complete their community service learning placements with later in their first year. Here we present our model, uO-Serves (“uOttawa-Serves”) of an Orientation Week philanthropy initiative of time-based community service in hopes that other Medical Schools will consider implementing a similar initiative within their Orientation Weeks

When Inequality is Good for Groups: The Moderating Role of Fairness

Many societies today are experiencing growing inequality in terms of wealth, income, health, education, resources or opportunities, trends that have negative effects upon well-being, trust, and motivation. We investigated whether inequalities –– particularly those perceived as fair –– can have positive effects upon individuals and groups. Using cross-national survey data (Study 1) and experimental data (Study 2), we find that inequalities arising from merit-based processes are perceived as fairer and as less acute. Further, in two experimental studies, using both monetary and real-effort social dilemmas, we demonstrate that inequalities perceived as procedurally fair can promote cooperation and trust. Participants received payments based on a fair (merit-based) or unfair (luck-based) process prior to being assigned to a group in which the other members’ payments were either equal or unequal to their own. We then measured positive contributions to the group via monetary contributions to a public good (Study 3) or a real-effort cooperation task (Study 4). Compared to conditions of equality, participants were more likely to cooperate when inequality of initial payments was perceived as fair, and less likely to contribute when inequality was perceived as unfair. We disentangle the effects of inequality and fairness on behavior, and underscore the importance of understanding how people construe the systems that give rise to inequality to an understanding of inequality’s effects on motivation and cooperation.

Charities Can Increase the Effectiveness of Donation Appeals by Using a Morally Congruent Positive Emotion

Abstract Prosocial organizations have different moral objectives. Some seek to promote welfare (e.g., Red Cross), but others seek to promote justice and equality (e.g., ACLU). Additionally, these organizations can induce different positive emotions to motivate donations. If organizations are seeking to promote different moral objectives using positive emotions, which positive emotion will be the most effective for their respective campaigns? We demonstrate how the congruency between the moral domain of an emotion and the moral objective of an organization plays a role in influencing prosocial behaviors. Charities that seek to increase care in society (e.g., disaster-relief charities) should utilize compassion in their promotion campaigns, but charities that seek to promote fairness and equality in society (e.g., human rights charities) should utilize gratitude in their promotion campaigns. One field study (N = 2,112) and four experiments (N = 2,100) demonstrate that utilizing a positive emotion congruent with the charity’s moral objective increases monetary donations and preferences. The preferences are driven by the moral concerns made salient by the respective emotions. Further, the preferences attenuate when exchange norms are made salient. Altogether, these results underscore the importance of considering moral congruence in consumption contexts.

Mainstreaming biodiversity: A review of national strategies

Biodiversity is suffering dramatic declines across the globe, threatening the ability of ecosystems to provide the services on which humanity depends. Mainstreaming biodiversity into the plans, strategies and policies of different economic sectors is key to reversing these declines. The importance of this mainstreaming is recognized by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and its Aichi targets. Individual countries can implement the goals of the CBD through their National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs), which aim to, inter alia, support the mainstreaming of biodiversity into the policies of key economic sectors, such as agriculture, forestry and fisheries. This paper investigates the performance of countries at incorporating biodiversity mainstreaming into their post-2010 NBSAPs. We conduct a large-scale review of 144 NBSAPs against five criteria and calculate a national-level indicator for comparing levels of mainstreaming among countries. Our results show that developing countries, particularly those in Africa, have higher scores, indicating that they have a higher awareness of the importance of biodiversity mainstreaming. Developing nations were also more likely to involve a greater range of stakeholders in the NBSAP development process, whilst developed nations were less likely to give specific details about the monetary contributions of biodiversity to their economies. Overall, our findings suggest that biodiversity mainstreaming remains a challenge across much of the world, but that progress in some areas can provide direction and momentum in the future.

Two sides of the same coin? An investigation of the effects of frames on tax compliance and charitable giving

Despite tax compliance being mandatory and charitable giving being voluntary, both can be seen as two sides of the same coin. Paying taxes and making monetary donations are two complementary ways to financially provide for the common good. Using goal-framing theory, an experimental study with a mixed-factorial design (N = 435) was conducted to test the effects of different frames on the intention to pay taxes and make charitable donations. Our results showed that for real taxpayers (i.e., for employees, self-employed, and entrepreneurs, but not for students) using a gain goal frame as a support to the normative goal frame was only effective in increasing intended tax compliance, whereas a supporting hedonic goal frame was only effective in increasing donation intention. In addition, it was found that gain and hedonic goal frames worked differently according to the prevailing motivation behind tax compliance and charitable giving. When the intrinsic motivation was already high, frames were ineffective (in the tax context) or even counter-productive (in the charitable giving context). In the presence of extrinsic motivations, instead, frames are especially effective.

Financial planning for retirement: the role of income

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the driving forces of both the decision to participate in individual pension plans and the amount of money allocated to such plans. Moreover, this paper evaluates the potential role that income plays, which has not previously been considered in depth in the financial literature.Design/methodology/approachBased on a sample of the Spanish population over the period 2008–2015, this paper estimates probit and tobit models, using 165,791 observations. The driving forces of private retirement savings comprise demographic, financial and socio-economic characteristics.FindingsThis paper confirms the impact of socio-demographic and economic variables on participation and monetary contributions to pension plans. It also confirms that income plays a non-negligible role. Moreover, empirical evidence reveals that the effect of gender is related to the income stratum to which the individual belongs.Originality/valueRetirement planning plays a key role in retirees’ future income and several countries have emphasised the importance of private individual savings to supplement the minimum provided by public pension schemes. The previous literature has concluded that those who plan their retirement end their working lives with three times the wealth of non-planners. Consequently, analysis of whether people are saving enough for their retirement can contribute to avoiding future wealth inequalities among retirees. Spain is one of the countries with the greatest inequality in income distribution, so this issue is of even greater interest.

Changes in household use and sale of locally collected environmental resources over a 15-year period in a rural village, South Africa

ABSTRACTMany rural areas are experiencing rapid social-ecological changes, impacting livelihoods and creating less certain futures. Despite several decades of research on the use of locally collected environmental resources there have been few repeat studies, especially in South and Southern Africa, to consider how households may be altering such use alongside other changes. This paper explores changes in the use of environmental resources by communities in the Kat River Valley, South Africa over a fifteen-year period, between 2000 and 2015, using a repeat survey, key informant interviews and other data from a larger study relating to social-ecological change. The proportion of households collecting different environmental resources was similar between the two periods. However, the mean quantities used per household had declined for several resources . Consequently, the monetary contribution or worth of these to livelihoods also declined, except for fuelwood and river sand. These changes can be related to, amongst others, transformations in both the local landscape and socio-economic environment, such as increases in state social welfare, a decline in agricultural production, woody plant encroachment, generational preferences, and the expansion of supermarket retailers. Understanding such trends is important for considering the sustainable management of landscapes and livelihoods into the future.

The Common Good Provision Scale (CGP): A Tool for Assessing People’s Orientation towards Economic and Social Sustainability

Many governments and institutions are currently challenged with insecurity, economic instability, and ongoing turbulence which may undermine the quality of life of each human being and the sustainable development of civil society. As this kind of sustainable development is strictly related to the promotion of the ‘common good’, it is of paramount importance to understand the different motives that lead people to give their contribution to the common good, in order to sustainably align individual needs with the needs of the society. By adopting a psychological perspective for the promotion of the sustainable development, the aim of this study is to develop and validate a new metric, the Common Good Provision scale (CGP), to assess people’s orientation towards economic and social sustainability. Items were generated from a preliminary qualitative study investigating meaning and representations on the common good and its provision. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were undertaken to validate and improve the scale. The final scale, which consists of seven items, contains two dimensions: Accessibility (i.e., making the common good accessible to anyone and fulfilling people’s basic needs) and Personal Gain (i.e., getting a return and personal advantage in exchange for one’s contribution). In addition, we tested a model in relation to a specific form of contribution: Paying taxes and making charitable donations, that are two complementary ways to financially provide for the common good. It was found that when the Accessibility motive prevails, people are more willing to pay taxes and make donations, whereas when the Personal Gain motive prevails, people are more likely to commit tax evasion and less willing to make monetary donations. The study is novel in that it represents the first attempt to develop a metric to assess people’s motives towards the common good provision. Potentialities and further applications of the CGP scale to other contexts are discussed in relation to the promotion of people’s wellbeing and sustainable development.

The Dog that Didn't Bark: The Curious Case of Lloyd Mints, Milton Friedman and the Emergence of Monetarism

Lloyd Mints has long been considered a peripheral figure in the development of monetary economics at the University of Chicago. We provide evidence showing that the standard assessment of Mints's standing in Chicago monetary economics -- and in American monetary economics more broadly -- is mistaken. In light of the originality and the breadth of his monetary contributions, and given the degree to which those contributions shaped part of Milton Friedman's monetary framework and were pushed forward by Friedman, we argue that, far from being a peripheral figure in the development of Chicago monetary economics, Mints played a catalytic role.

Getting to Equal: Resolving the Judicial Impasse on the Weight of Non-Monetary Contribution in Kenya's Marital Asset Division

Marital property law reforms and changing international human rights standards in the late 20th and early 21st century prompted Kenya to end certain discriminatory practices against women, especially in the area of property rights. For 50 years, Kenya relied on England’s century-old law, the Married Women’s Property Act of 1882, to regulate property rights. In 2010, Kenya adopted a new Constitution that called for equality between men and women, and in 2013, Kenya enacted independent legislation in the form of the Matrimonial Property Act (MPA). The MPA provides a basis for trial courts to divide marital property upon divorce. Specifically, it provides that monetary contribution and non-monetary contribution are the only factors for dividing marital property on divorce. The Kenyan courts have issued contradictory decisions on the weight of nonmonetary contribution in long-term and short-term marriages. Without guidance on the weight of non-monetary contribution during divorce proceedings, the courts have left potential litigants, especially women, to navigate the unsettled waters of marital disputes in the legal system. Kenya’s Parliament should take steps to clarify the legislation, develop regulations on the weight of non-monetary contribution, and provide statutory factors for consideration during division of marital property. This will ensure that courts meet the overriding objective of achieving a fair outcome in marital property disputes. Because of the constitutional guarantee of equality, the courts must begin analysis of property division by assuming each spouse is entitled to half of the marital property.

Volunteer Now or Later: The Effect of Effort Time Allocation on Donations

We study the effect of time flexibility on volunteering. Using an online experiment, we tested predictions of a model of inter-temporal volunteering. Consistent with our theoretical predictions, we find that flexibility in choosing when to allocate effort donations increases overall donations despite the added incentive to renege on a promise to donate. Furthermore, compared to monetary donations, donation rates are higher when people donate effort. We provide a framework for understanding these results.

Economic Impact of McNenny State Fish Hatchery, Spearfish, South Dakota, USA

McNenny State Fish Hatchery, rural Spearfish, South Dakota, USA produces trout and salmon for stocking into public recreational fishing waters in South Dakota. Hatchery operations at McNenny are funded solely by the sale of hunting and fishing licenses and an excise tax on fishing equipment. This study evaluated the monetary contribution of hatchery expenditures and fish production to the local economy of South Dakota for calendar year 2017. The economic value of the fish raised at McNenny State Fish Hatchery in 2017 was calculated to be $6,609,576.03 USD. When added to the estimated McNenny share of angler expenditures in the Black Hills National Forest, the total local monetary impact of McNenny State Fish Hatchery operations and fish stocking was slightly more than $22 million. Based on annual hatchery expenditures, McNenny operations generated $51.68 of local economic output for every budgetary dollar spent in 2017.

Dary finansowe jako transfery rodzinne w świetle wyników badań własnych

The article presents the following research hypothesis: A young generation of adult children of Poles is a net beneficiary of family financial transfers of a non-returnable nature. The article purposes are as follows: analyzing the scale, frequency, and directions of transferring and receiving financial gifts by akin households. The applied research methods included: critical analysis of the subject literature, simple statistical methods, method of a diagnostic survey. The survey studies, conducted in 2018, have shown that 39.9% of Poles provided financial support to their relatives in the last 6 months, while a smaller percentage (28.6%) of respondents declared that in the same period received a monetary donation from the family. Population under the age of 24 represents the only age group which receives more financial support than actually provides. Private financial transfers are predominantly of an intergenerational nature, as the majority of transfers occur between parents and adult children.

The effect of recipient contribution requirements on support for social programs

A large literature examines the use of recipient contribution requirements in social programs to target people who most need and value aid. Yet little is known about public support for such requirements. In a field experiment with a nationally representative sample, we examine the effect of recipient contributions on charitable donations to a food aid program. The response to recipient monetary contributions is non-monotonic: donations increase when recipients make small monetary contributions and return to baseline under large recipient contributions. Recipient time contribution requirements also increase program support. Results from additional treatments suggest that individuals use contribution requirements to increase both allocative efficiency (screening recipients who most value the good) and targeting efficiency (screening recipients most in need). Our work informs the design of social programs, which must respond to the preferences of voters and donors who provide political and financial support.

The Impact of Peer, Politician, and Celebrity Endorsements on Volunteering: A Field Experiment with English Students

ABSTRACTEndorsement is used by charitable organizations to stimulate public support, including monetary donations. This article reports a field experiment that examined the effect of leader and peer endorsement on student volunteering. The experiment was conducted with over 100,000 students from five UK universities and compared the effect on volunteering rates of email endorsements by politicians, celebrities, and peers, to a control group that received an email but no endorsement. We examined outcomes seven weeks after the original e-mails, including click-throughs to volunteering unit websites, attendance at volunteering training, registration with volunteering units, and actual volunteering. Peer endorsements reduced click-throughs to volunteering unit websites. There were positive treatment effects for endorsement by politicians on subsequent training but no significant effects of any of the endorsements on our other outcome measures. Overall, we found little support for the provision of leader and celebrity endorsement, and confirm negative effects for peer endorsement.

The effects of Virtual Reality (VR) on charitable giving: The role of empathy, guilt, responsibility, and social exclusion

As Virtual Reality (VR) continues to have an increased presence in the consumer marketplace, charitable and non-profit organizations are looking to VR to stimulate charitable giving (monetary or volunteering). The objective of this research is to investigate the effects of VR on empathy, guilt, responsibility, and donation of time and money in the social marketing context. Supported by the media richness theory (MRT) and the social presence theory (SPT), the results of three experimental studies suggest that content viewed on a VR platform, when compared against a traditional two-dimensional video media platform (VM), increases empathy, increases responsibility, and instigates higher intention to donate money and volunteer time towards a social cause. For socially excluded individuals, VR enhances the level of guilt and social responsibility, ultimately leading to a higher intention to volunteer. Although, this did not manifest for monetary donations.