Monetary Compensation Research Articles

Cultivating Relationships as a Community-Based Recruitment Strategy in Transdisciplinary Aging Research: Lessons From an Academic-Community Partnership.

Participation of Black American older adults in community-engaged research remains challenging in health sciences. The objectives of this study were to describe the specific efforts, successes, and challenges in recruiting Black American older adults in research led by the Health and Wellness in Aging Across the Lifespan core, part of the Virginia Commonwealth University Institute for Inclusion, Inquiry, and Innovation (iCubed). We conducted a cross-case analysis of 6 community-engaged research projects using the community-engaged research continuum model. Successful recruitment strategies comprised a multifaceted approach to community-based collaboration, including a wellness program with a long standing relationship with the community, engaging key stakeholders and a community advisory board, and building a community-based coalition of stakeholders. Posting flyers and modest monetary compensation remain standard recruitment strategies. The cross-case analysis offered critical lessons on the community's nature and level of engagement in research. Relationship building based on trust and respect is essential to solving complex aging issues in the community.

Reparatory Justice for the 1971- Bangladesh Genocide

The 1971 conflict in Pakistan caused tremendous damage to both people and property. As a result, Pakistan has a responsibility to reimburse Bangladesh. In some cases, several countries may pay for damages without admitting guilt, making the concept of reparatory justice difficult to establish. Reparation must be carried out in accordance with the victim nation's demands. The prosecution of war criminals after World War II brought attention to humanitarian law and customary international law, which recognizes the global repercussions of genocide. Reparations are actions done by the state to address ongoing transgressions of "Human Rights Law" and "Humanitarian Law" through monetary compensation and restitution. They are used in the framework of transitional justice. Victims of transgressions of international or humanitarian law may pursue restitution. Pakistan must still pay compensation even though it was responsible for the slaughter in Bangladesh in 1971. The tragedy of 1971 and the crimes against humanity it entailed were recognized as genocide by the international community. In order to mend relations, Pakistan should apologise to Bangladesh and find a peaceful settlement.

EFFECTS OF BIAS, GAMIFICATION AND MONETARY COMPENSATION ON MOOC DROPOUTS

The dropout rate is the most significant disadvantage in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC); most of the time, it exceeds 90%. This research compares the effect of cognitive bias, gamification, monetary compensation, and student characteristics (gender, age, years of education, student geographical location, and interest in the course certificate) on dropout. We use survival analysis to identify the predictors of dropout and its related factors. The results showed the lowest dropout (74.2%) for cognitive bias and gamification. The results showed that the Peanut effect bias favors the lowest risk of drop up. Likewise, the findings showed the interest in the final certificate as a predictor of retention to complete a four-week MOOC.

Проблемные вопросы возмещения экологического вреда: замечания на полях Обзора судебной практики Верховного Суда РФ

Author analyses some positions of the Review of judicial practice on the application of environmental legislation, approved by the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on 24 June 2022. This review is the first dedicated entirely to environmental issues, and prepared as a result of the seminar of the Supreme Court on the practice of courts in the field of environmental protection. The author notes the presence of disputable interpretations in this review, and also highlights the various facets of the views taken by the Supreme Court and the problems of their practical implementation. Among such problems, there is a lack of uniformity in understanding the harm to the environment, the absence of many environmental quality standards as an obstacle to fair compensation for damage to nature, compensation for environmental damage for lawful activities on general terms with illegal users of natural resources, an extremely high standard of proof in cases of environmental compensation for users of natural resources, the difficulty of holding state bodies accountable, etc. The author also highlights the trends in legal regulation and law enforcement practice in the field of nature management and environmental protection outlined by the Supreme Court (“pro-state” bias in resolving disputes, strengthening the priority of monetary compensation over in-kind compensation for harm and the fiscal function of the compensation, etc.).

Ущерб окружающей среде в интерпретации российских судов

The article discusses the legal problems of compensation for environmental damage on the basis of judicial acts of the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, as well as the practice of arbitrazh courts. Trends such as the priority of monetary compensation for damage over recovery in kind and the lack of correlation between the amount of compensation and the costs of recultivation have been noted. Assessment of the damage using calculating methods, as well as the way of spending the amounts recovered, in the author’s opinion, deprives monetary redress of its compensatory nature. As a result, the civil law remedy performs an improper fiscal function and provides only general prevention, but not the restoration of the disturbed state of the environment. The author proposes to change approaches to environmental damage redress, taking into account the rules on “colouring” of environmental payments that have already entered into force.

Urban travel time and residential location choice: The impacts of traffic congestion

The rapid growth of urban transportation has led to increased pressure on transportation infrastructure in many urban areas. In this paper, we examine the relationship between urban travel time and decision-making on the spatial mobility of the labor force to optimize the labor space distribution pattern. Using Gaode map traffic congestion delay data, China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) data, and a conditional logit model, we conduct the first study to examine the relationship between travel time and residential location choice in 100 major cities in China, specifically from the perspective of traffic congestion. Our research finds that extended urban travel time significantly promotes population outflow, particularly among individuals with light family burdens, low job loyalty, and more choices. The population outflow effect formed by the extension of travel time shows the law of decreasing in line with the size of cities, with medium-sized cities experiencing the most serious inhibition effect. We also propose the concept of transportation accessibility wage bargaining and estimate the monetary compensation value to be ¥22.50 ($3.33) per day. This finding provides a quantitative reference for the design of a corresponding compensation mechanism to improve residents' willingness to stay in cities.

Putting a price on pain: The monetary compensation needed to offset welfare losses due to violence

Efficiency calculations of violence prevention are likely to be severely biased if the hard-to-measure value of utility reductions due to victimization is not included. We measure the monetary compensation needed to offset the welfare loss associated with being subjected to violence, by applying the compensating-income-variation method to data from an Icelandic health-and-lifestyle survey carried out in 2017. We examine differences in the monetary compensation needed by (i) types of violence, (ii) duration since the exposure, and (iii) the relationship with the perpetrator. Our results show that the average compensation needed to offset the welfare loss due to psychological violence is $43,750 per year, $22,202 per year for sexual violence, and $10,938 per year for physical violence. Further, we find that the monetary compensation needed is highest when the perpetrator is a spouse or an ex-spouse, and when the violence happened recently.

Features of conducting a forensic commodity examination of furniture products

The scientific article defines the methodological aspects of conducting a forensic commodity examination of furniture products, outlines the theoretical and practical problems of commodity research of furniture products, reveals the commodity characteristics of furniture and its defects, and proposes a systematisation of information data on the peculiarities of conducting a forensic commodity examination of furniture products with regard to the characteristic defects of goods. The stages of forensic examination of furniture are presented.
 The main identification tasks of a commodity expertise are to determine the type, name and assortment group of the product; what materials and components were used in its manufacture; what technology was used to manufacture the furniture product; whether the design parameters and consumer properties of the product under investigation correspond to those stated in the regulatory and technical documentation.
 The peculiarity of a trade examination of any product is that a defect may arise both through the fault of the manufacturer (seller) and the fault of the buyer (consumer). In practice, there are cases of fraud on the part of companies and individuals, for example, when users intentionally damage parts or components of a product in order to return a product under warranty and receive monetary compensation for an allegedly defective product. This is also relevant for foreign trade agreements, when, by spoiling the delivered goods, the counterparty seeks to receive liquidated damages after termination of the contract, and further, material compensation for lost income according to the arbitration court decision.
 The article reveals the peculiarities of conducting a forensic commodity examination of furniture products, systematizes the characteristic defects of goods that are most often detected by experts, presents some stages of conducting a forensic commodity examination of furniture. Recommendations regarding furniture quality assessment for participants in external economic activity, expert organizations and consumers are also provided.

Beading Librarianship

Beading Librarianship weaves together the stories of Indigenous librarians through conversational method interviews and shares those stories online. The Beading Librarianship website serves as a place of connection for Indigenous librarians who have come before and those who will come after. Indigenous peoples are underrepresented in librarianship, with percentages often described as "too small to count."
 In addition to serving as an oral history project designed to increase the number of Indigenous librarians, this project also seeks to model collaborative research practices. Research and educational institutions have a long history of harm toward Indigenous Peoples. Indigenous Research Methods that incorporate Indigenous Ways of Knowing need to be the standard when working with Indigenous Peoples to prevent continued extraction and harm. This includes reciprocity, relationship-based research, and Indigenous Knowledge Organization.
 To model collaborative research practices, each Beading Librarianship interview participant has full control over the webpage where their interview lives. They can choose to remove their interview at any point for any reason. Participants are included in every step of the process, including editing their interview and transcripts. In addition to receiving monetary compensation, each participant receives a hand-beaded QR code made by the PI that links to their respective interview, a physical reminder of kinship, connectedness, and mindfulness.
 Drawing on Diné scholar Amanda Tachine’s (2018) weaving framework, this project implements a beading framework for interviews with Indigenous librarians that allows for reflexivity, responsibility, epistemic sovereignty, technological mindfulness, and reciprocity.

Status quo and future directions of digitalization in gynecology and obstetrics in Germany: a survey of the commission Digital Medicine of the German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics

PurposeDigitalization plays a critical role and is beginning to impact every part of the patient journey, from drug discovery and data collection to treatment and patient-reported outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the status quo and future directions of digital medicine in the specialty of gynecology and obstetrics in Germany.MethodsAn anonymous questionnaire was distributed via the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics newsletter in December 2022. The questionnaire covered the domains baseline demographic information, telemedicine, digital health applications (DIGAs), and future expectations.ResultsIn all, 91 participants completed the survey. Median age was 34 years; 67.4% (60 of 89) were female and 32.6% (29 of 89) were male. About 10% (9 of 88) have prescribed DIGAs to date and 14% (12 of 86) offer telemedical appointments. Among those who do not use digital medicine, very few plan to do so in the near future. Reasons include missing software interfaces, lack of time to try out new things, lack of knowledge, lack of monetary compensation (66.3%), and employee concerns. A majority agreed that digitalization will help to save time and improve patient care and that intelligent algorithms will aid clinicians in providing patient care to women.ConclusionsThe status quo and future directions of digital medicine in gynecology and obstetrics in Germany are characterized by contradicting expectations regarding the benefits of digital medicine and its actual implementation in clinical routine. This represents an important call to action to meet the requirements of modern patient care.

Professional responsibility in obstetric-gynecological nursing: Update of the case law of the High Court of Justice of Andalusia (Spain).

Obstetric-Gynecological Nursing is articulated as one of the specialities with the greatest responsibility in the field of health care, due to the involvement of being in care not only for the life of the pregnant woman, but also for the future neonate. Settling down as a profession with a high number of legal claims, there are not many studies in Spain on legal claims in the field of Nursing in general, and Obstetric-Gynecological Nursing in particular. Retrospective analysis of judgments against midwives in the period from 2010 to the present through the CENDOJ database, with the aim of searching for criminal, civil and contentious-administrative judgments. Quality was assessed using the STROBE critical appraisal tool for observational studies. 19 judgments were selected from the 197 found that were related to the objective of the study. Fifty-three percent of the judgment analyzed resulted in acquittals, while the remaining 47% were upheld to varying degrees. Most of them were motivated damage to the newborn (79%), processed entirely through the contentious-administrative route. Most of the legal claims in the field of Obstetric-Gynecological Nursing are related to adverse events with fetal damage, most of them receiving higher monetary compensation as the contentious-administrative route is the jurisdiction with the highest number of claims filed, due to breaches of the lex artis ad hoc.

Public Perceptions, Factors, and Incentives Influencing Patient Willingness to Share Clinical Images for Artificial Intelligence-Based Healthcare Tools.

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) as a diagnostic and decision-support tool is increasing in dermatology. The accuracy of image-based AI tools is incumbent on images in training sets, which requires patient consent for sharing. This study aims to understand individuals' willingness to share their images for AI and variables that influence willingness. In an online survey administered via Amazon Mechanical Turk, sketches of the hand, face, and genitalia assigned to two use cases employing AI (research vs. personal medical care) were shown. Participants rated willingness to share the image on a 7-point Likert scale. Of the 1010 participants, individuals were most willing to share images of their hands (81.2%), face (70.3%), and lastly genitals (male: 56.8%, female: 46.7%). Individuals were more willing to share for personal care versus research (OR 0.77 [95% CI 0.69-0.86]). Willingness to share was higher among males, participants with higher education, tech-savvy participants, and frequent social media users. Most participants were willing to share images if offered monetary compensation, with face images requiring the highest payment (mean $18.25, SD 20.05). Only 38.7% of individuals refused image sharing regardless of any monetary compensation, with the majority of this group unwilling to share images of the genitals. This study demonstrates overall public support for sharing images to AI-based tools in dermatology, with influencing factors including image type, context, education level, technology comfort, social media use, and monetary compensation.

Financial Literacy among Women: An Analysis of the Etikoppaka Toy Industry

Numerous scholarly works have thoroughly investigated the disparity in financial risk-taking between genders. It has been observed that women exhibit a lower propensity to invest in high-risk financial assets, which can be attributed to their relatively slower accumulation of wealth over an extended period of time. It aims to understand how financial literacy can enhance women's economic empowerment and independence. The research delves into the imperative need for financial literacy among women in the two-centuries-old Etikoppaka handloom industry. It explores their socio-economic transition within the internationally acclaimed toy industry of Etikoppaka in India. The study focuses on the Etikoppaka handloom industry, comprising two categories of women: formal employees earning wages and informal workers supporting their husbands without monetary compensation. An exploratory research design was applied to arrive at the inferences. Data is collected from 40 females actively engaged in the toy industry, supplemented by two focus group discussions with stakeholders. The data was analyzed using two financial models, i.e., Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2011 (OECD) basic principles of money. Financial literacy is crucial for women's empowerment in the Etikoppaka handloom industry. Formal sector women have better understanding of financial concepts than informal sector women. Customized programs that consider local culture and involvement of civil society organizations and grassroots initiatives are necessary for positive economic outcomes. This study's outcomes have significant implications for policymakers, industry leaders, and civil society organizations working towards women's economic development in the handloom industry.

Compensation for Moral Damage Caused By a Crime

The modern development of social relations cannot be considered in isolation from the ethical component of human life. Questions of morality also concern many areas of state activity. One of them concerns investigation and trial. The implementation by the investigator, inquirer and court of the functions fixed in the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation concerning many criminal cases involves the performance of activities related to compensation for moral damage caused by the crime. This issue is superficially regulated in the criminal procedure legislation. The conceptual complex considerably suggests taking into account the content of other branches of law. It is necessary to assess the content of the norms of civil legislation during the research of relations. Multiple influence on the nature of criminal procedural activity is shown. To solve this problem, issues related to the definition of the content of the concept of “moral harm” caused as a result of a crime are examined in the article. The features of establishing the amount of his monetary compensation to the victim, the civil plaintiff are reflected. The judicial practice of the considered sphere of legal regulation is analyzed. The analysis of the decisions of the Constitutional and Supreme Courts of the Russian Federation is also done in the present paper. The ratio of moral and other types of harm caused by the crime is carried out. Due to its ambiguity, the question of the relationship between moral and property damage is highlighted. Approaches to solving the problems identified by the Authors are formed taking into account the positions of other researchers in the legal literature. The analysis of peculiarities of assessment of moral harm is connected with the lack of clear normative criteria for its definition. The paper concludes that the high proportion of subjectivity in this area of legal regulation harms the solution of this issue. The increased attention in this area of relations to the content of a civil claim is determined. The necessity of substantiation of the amount of the relevant requirements on the part of interested parties in view of the implementation of the investigator, inquirer of security activity is reflected. A range of issues related to the definition of the procedural regime for the implementation of claims for material compensation for moral harm has been established. Proposals aimed at optimization of law enforcement activity on ensuring by the investigator, inquirer of the monetary compensation of the relevant moral and physical suffering and subsequent judicial activity are formulated.

Plight of migrant construction-site workers during the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020: A qualitative exploration in Bhavnagar, Western India.

During the unexpected lockdown implemented in early 2020 in reaction to the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a considerable section of India's population of migrant construction-site workers were stuck. Our objective was to explore the lived experiences and consequent perceptions of migrant workers related to the COVID-19 lockdown and the consequences on their lives. We conducted structured in-depth interviews (IDIs) with twelve migrant construction-site workers in Bhavnagar, Western India, from November to December 2020, using qualitative research methods. All IDIs were conducted with participant's consent, audio-recorded, transcribed in English, inductively coded, and thematically analyzed. The primary financial challenges mentioned by the migrant workers in the interviews were unemployment, monetary issues, and a difficult sustenance. The social concerns were described as anxious migrant exodus, discrimination, mistreatment, lack of social assistance, inability to fulfil their family's expectations, lack of safe transportation arrangements by the authorities during the exodus, inadequacies in the public distribution system, law and order, and apathy of their employers. The psychological repercussions were described using terms like "fear," "worry," "loneliness," "boredom," "helplessness," and "trapped." Monetary compensation, job opportunities at the native place, and a well-managed migrant exodus were reportedly their key expectations from the government. Healthcare issues mentioned during the lockdown included a lack of facilities to treat common ailments, substandard care, and repeated COVID-19 testing prior to departure. The study highlights the need to have rehabilitation mechanisms such as targeted cash transfers, ration kits, and safe transportation services for migrant workers through inter-sectoral coordination for mitigating hardship.

Star CEOs and investment efficiency: Evidence from China

This study investigates whether star chief executive officers (CEOs) make more efficient investment decisions after winning a prestigious media award. Using data from Chinese A-share listed firms, we find that CEO awards significantly reduce the probability of corporate overinvestment and mitigate the magnitude of investment inefficiency; this effect is more pronounced for CEOs with high monetary compensation and in firms with weak internal governance and loose external monitoring. Additional evidence shows that star CEOs attract more media coverage than matched CEOs after winning awards, and CEO awards improve investment efficiency by reducing information asymmetry and enhancing reputation incentives. Collectively, our findings suggest that media-granted CEO awards encourage winning CEOs to boost their investment efficiency by reducing overinvestment.

The distribution of industry payments among pediatric dermatologists from 2015 to 2021.

To understand the landscape of industry payments to pediatric dermatologists to foster transparency and identify potential disparities in funding. Using the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Open Payments database, a national cross-sectional study was performed examining payments to pediatric dermatologists from 2015 to 2021. Of the 147 pediatric dermatologists who received industry funding, 35 were male and 112 were female. $9 million in payments was amassed, with 10% of pediatric dermatologists accounting for 94% of total industry payments. Consulting was the most common service, with Pfizer Inc., Amgen Inc., and Regeneron Healthcare Solutions Inc. representing the top three companies. Mean payment was $143,836 for males and $35,943 for females (p < .001). Eight female and seven male pediatric dermatologists received payments in the top 10th percentile, with different average payment in this subgroup (females $447,588 vs. males $698,746, p = .03). 11 states did not have a pediatric dermatologist receiving industry payments, while California (19) and Texas (12) had the most. There are approximately 400 board-certified pediatric dermatologists in the United States and fewer than 40% are receiving monetary compensation from private industry. A fraction of physicians accounted for a majority of total industry payments and industry payments to male pediatric dermatologists were higher despite nearly triple the number of female pediatric dermatologists. With the rise of valuable partnerships between healthcare and industry in modern medicine, the implications of geographic, gender, and financial disparity of industry payments in pediatric dermatology are worthy of further study.

The Influence of Aging Population in Rural Families on Farmers’ Willingness to Withdraw from Homesteads in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China

Population aging presents a significant global challenge. In China, the aging of the rural population coincides with inefficient rural homestead utilization. While the Chinese government has enacted policies to address this, their impact remains limited. Utilizing survey data from 403 rural families in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, this study applies the binary Logit and mediating effect models to analyze the impact of rural family population aging on farmers’ willingness to withdraw from homesteads with compensation and their compensation preference. Key findings include: (1) Family population aging intensifies farmers’ willingness to withdraw from homesteads, with a stronger preference for non-monetary compensation as aging increases. (2) Regarding the willingness to withdraw with compensation, farmers’ cognition of homestead security value masks the effect by 4.71%, while asset value cognition has no mediating effect. (3) With regard to promoting non-monetary compensation choices, farmers’ homestead asset value cognition fully mediates at 16.01%, but security value cognition is without mediating effect. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the government crafts tailored homestead withdrawal policies considering farmers’ family age structure. Further, efforts should aim at refining farmers’ understanding of homestead values, promoting a blend of non-monetary and monetary compensations.

Contentment of Employee on Monetary and Non-Monetary Compensation at KAVIKA Ltd

Employee satisfaction is described as if employees are happy and fulfilling their desires and needs at work. Compensation is the total cash and non-cash payments that you give to an employee in exchange for the work they do for business. The research study examines employee satisfaction on monetary and non-monetary compensation. It includes primary data it has been collected through structured questionnaire on 122 employees from various department of the KAVIKA Ltd. The data has been tested through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and correlation using SPSS. Employee are content with infrastructure provided to them are satisfactory. But it is found that employee are satisfied with monetary and less satisfied with non-monetary compensation. Keywords: employee satisfaction, monetary compensation, non-monetary compensation.

Work commitment among teachers: The roles of compensation and performance appraisal in Ikenne Local Government, Ogun State

The purpose of this study was to examine the potential influence of compensation and performance appraisal on work commitment among teachers in Ikenne, Ogun state. Descriptive research design was adopted and the sample size of one hundred and forty-one (141) teachers from five (5) secondary schools in the area of study were selected through total enumeration technique. Three validated instruments namely Work Commitment scale, Compensation scale and Performance appraisal scale with reliability coefficient of 0.53, 0.898 and 0.788 respectively were adopted and used for data collection. One research question was analyzed using descriptive statistics while four hypotheses postulated were tested at 0.05 level of significance using multiple regression analysis. The finding of this study revealed significant combined influence of compensation and performance appraisal on teachers work commitment (F (2,138) = 59.855, P &lt; .05). It further revealed that compensation and performance appraisal jointly accounted for about 46% of variance in teachers work commitment (Adj. R2= .457). A significant relative influence of the independent variables on work commitment was also discovered while findings also show that monetary compensation is the package mostly available to teachers. Based on the findings, it was concluded that teachers should be compensated for their hard work as it makes them more committed to their work. It was recommended that that school administrators should administer performance appraisals to ensure teachers are more productive in their work. Compensations such as promotions, monetary rewards and awards should be based on the results of these performance appraisals so as to ensure commitment of the teachers.