Momentum Boundary Layer Thickness Research Articles

Study of Casson nanofluid flow over a wedge with variable magnetic effect, thermal radiation, and melting effects

In this article, we investigated the flow of a Casson nanofluid on a wedge considering the external effects of magnetic effects, thermal radiation, and melting effects. Also, thermophoretic and Brownian effects were being considered in our study. Similarity transformations were implemented to the governing set of nonlinear PDE’s to obtain coupled nonlinear set of ordinary differential equations. A fourth-order accurate MATLAB bvp4c routine was applied for solving the given boundary value problem. An excellent agreement to previously published results was found, which validates our study. Graphically, the consequences of pertinent parameters on dimensionless velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration have been presented along with streamline visualizations for some of the parameters while the values for local skin friction, heat transfer, and mass transfer rates are presented in a tabular form. An augmentation in melting parameter augments momentum, thermal and concentration boundary layer thickness while skin friction, heat and mass transfer rates report a decrease. Wedge angle parameter, radiation, and Casson nanofluid parameters also enhance fluid velocity though the effects of magnetic field and permeability of the medium shows a reverse trend to their usual behavior.

Radiation and Nanoparticles Shape Effect on Aligned MHD Jeffrey Hybrid Nanofluids Flow and Heat Transfer over a Stretching Inclined Plate

The study through a stretching medium is a topic in the field of fluid dynamics and heat transfer. It involves investigating the behaviour of fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena in situations where a medium, such as a solid surface, is continuously stretched or deformed. Jeffrey fluid are found in the applications in various fields, including engineering, materials science, and biomedical engineering. Water was combined with copper (Cu) and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) is used in this study by considering the influence of nanoparticles shape which are spherical, brick, cylindrical, platelet and blade. The Keller Box method is used to solve numerically the Jeffrey hybrid nanofluid's governing nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) to nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity transformation. The results for both the velocity and temperature profiles of Jeffrey hybrid nanofluids (Deborah number, β) as well as the skin friction and Nusselt number are presented graphically and in tabulated form. The result shows that the momentum boundary layer thickness is decrease for any increment of the value alignment angle of the magnetic field parameter, the interaction of the magnetic field parameter, alignment angle of the incline plate, the mixed convection parameter, the radiation parameter, and the nanoparticles shape except the value of the volume fraction of the nanoparticles for the increasing value of Deborah number (β). The skin friction is increases as any increment value of an alignment angle of magnetic field, interaction of magnetic parameter, radiation parameter and volume fraction of nanoparticles increase, while the Nusselt number is decrease for the value of radiation parameter. It also observed that the factor of nanoparticles shape result is significant with the Jeffrey hybrid nanofluids which is the nanoparticles shape with the highest skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number is blades shape.

Keller box computation for entropy generation analysis in the coating flow of magneto viscoelastic polymer nanofluid over a circular cylinder

PurposeThe need for precise synthesis of customized designs has resulted in the development of advanced coating processes for modern nanomaterials. Achieving accuracy in these processes requires a deep understanding of thermophysical behavior, rheology and complex chemical reactions. The manufacturing flow processes for these coatings are intricate and involve heat and mass transfer phenomena. Magnetic nanoparticles are being used to create intelligent coatings that can be externally manipulated, making them highly desirable. In this study, a Keller box calculation is used to investigate the flow of a coating nanofluid containing a viscoelastic polymer over a circular cylinder.Design/methodology/approachThe rheology of the coating polymer nanofluid is described using the viscoelastic model, while the effects of nanoscale are accounted for by using Buongiorno’s two-component model. The nonlinear PDEs are transformed into dimensionless PDEs via a nonsimilar transformation. The dimensionless PDEs are then solved using the Keller box method.FindingsThe transport phenomena are analyzed through a comprehensive parametric study that investigates the effects of various emerging parameters, including thermal radiation, Biot number, Eckert number, Brownian motion, magnetic field and thermophoresis. The results of the numerical analysis, such as the physical variables and flow field, are presented graphically. The momentum boundary layer thickness of the viscoelastic polymer nanofluid decreases as fluid parameter increases. An increase in mixed convection parameter leads to a rise in the Nusselt number. The enhancement of the Brinkman number and Biot number results in an increase in the total entropy generation of the viscoelastic polymer nanofluid.Practical implicationsIntelligent materials rely heavily on the critical characteristic of viscoelasticity, which displays both viscous and elastic effects. Viscoelastic models provide a comprehensive framework for capturing a range of polymeric characteristics, such as stress relaxation, retardation, stretching and molecular reorientation. Consequently, they are a valuable tool in smart coating technologies, as well as in various applications like supercapacitor electrodes, solar collector receivers and power generation. This study has practical applications in the field of coating engineering components that use smart magnetic nanofluids. The results of this research can be used to analyze the dimensions of velocity profiles, heat and mass transfer, which are important factors in coating engineering. The study is a valuable contribution to the literature because it takes into account Joule heating, nonlinear convection and viscous dissipation effects, which have a significant impact on the thermofluid transport characteristics of the coating.Originality/valueThe momentum boundary layer thickness of the viscoelastic polymer nanofluid decreases as the fluid parameter increases. An increase in the mixed convection parameter leads to a rise in the Nusselt number. The enhancement of the Brinkman number and Biot number results in an increase in the total entropy generation of the viscoelastic polymer nanofluid. Increasing the strength of the magnetic field promotes an increase in the density of the streamlines. An increase in the mixed convection parameter results in a decrease in the isotherms and isoconcentration.

Inspection of Couette and pressure-driven Poiseuille entropy-optimized dissipated flow in a suction/injection horizontal channel: Analytical solutions

Abstract The main aim of this study is to analyse the electrically conductive flow of compressible liquids by two infinitely permeable surfaces. The distance between the two surfaces is h h . Thermal relation consists of viscous dissipation. The entropy features along with magnetic force and dissipation are taken into account. The x-axis extends in the flow path along the bottom stationary plate, whereas the y-axis is orthogonal to the surfaces. The channel plates are subjected to a consistent transverse magnetic field that is implemented perpendicularly. Herein, two scenarios are investigated: the first is the Couette flow, and in the second scenario, both porous surfaces are parallel and fixed at a distance of 2h, and the motion is a Poiseuille flow controlled by pressure. The flow across the x x -axis is supposed to be generated and dependent on y y exclusively. The governed system is solved using analytical solutions. It is found that the entropy formation is higher near the cloud porous plate in comparison to the hot porous plate and the increasing values of the suction/injection parameter increase the fluid temperature. The increase in the magnetic field parameter decreases the momentum boundary layer thickness. The Brinkman number improves the thermal boundary thickness. The magnetic field parameter, suction/injection, and the Brinkman number accelerate the entropy formation in both cases.

Thermophoresis, Brownian Diffusion, Porosity, and Magnetic Parameters' Effects on Three-Dimensional Rotating Ag-CuO/H2O Hybrid Nanofluid Flow across a Linearly Stretched Sheet with Aligned Magnetic Field

Nanofluids are crucial to explore since they have substantial industrial applications and their rapid heat transfer rates. A brand-new category of nanofluid called "hybrid nanofluid" is now being employed to speed up heat transfer even further. The objective and novelty of this study investigates the impact of different parameters on the flow of a rotating, three-dimensional Ag-CuO/H2O hybrid nanofluid over a linearly stretched sheet with an aligned magnetic field. These parameters include thermophoresis, Brownian diffusion, porosity, magnetic parameter, and Forchheimer number. The study revealed that when temperatures decrease, CuO and Ag nanoparticle volume fractions lead to improved concentration and velocity profiles, correspondingly, momentum and concentration boundary layer thickness are enhanced while thermal boundary layer thickness is reduced. The investigation also reveals that while temperature rises with higher levels of some parameters, the velocity profile and concentration fall, correspondingly, momentum and concetration boundary layer thickness are reduced. The effects of different factors on the rates of skin friction, heat, and mass transmission can also be explored. Higher values of K and cause the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers to rise, whereas Fr,ϵ,M,α and Nb cause them to fall. The nonlinear ODEs formed from the governing system of nonlinear PDEs are solved in the study using MATLAB and the BVP-5C shooting method. The contribution of this work is to the understanding of the behaviour of hybrid nanofluids and its potential applications in the development and optimization of nanofluid-based systems for various engineering applications.

Computational investigation of homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions in fluid with transport mechanisms: A finite element simulations approach

There are numerous applications in engineering and industry for homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions in fluid regimes under the influence of nanoparticles and hybrid nanoparticles. This article models homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions in the flow of polymer liquid (glycerin) containing Cu-Al2O3 in the presence of heat and mass transfer. The finite element method is used to quantitatively solve these models. A 76% increase in wall shear stress for the case of simultaneous dispersion of Cu and Al2O3 in comparison of only dispersion of Cu is noticed. Similarly, 44% increase in wall heat flux in noticed due to dispersion Cu and Al2O3 in comparison of dispersion of Cu only. The vortex parameter is responsible for a significant increase in the macro-motion of the fluid particles. Macro-motion gets more influence of micro motion than the influence of micro-motion on the macro-motion of Cu-Al2O3- polymer. To control momentum boundary layer thickness, reduce the diameter of the circular pipe. Magnetic force has the opposite direction of flow. Therefore, fluid motion is a decreasing function of magnetic field intensity. Further, the Lorentz force (magnetic force) for the case of Cu-Al2O3 - polymer is stronger than that for the case of Cu- polymer. Additionally, it can be seen that Cu-Al2O3- polymer experiences more Joule heating than Cu- polymer does. The micromotion is compromised when the curvature parameter is increased. As a result, convective transport slows down and the temperature of Cu- polymer and Cu-Al2O3 - polymers decreases. The result, the rate of conversion of electrical energy into heat speeds up intensity of magnetic field increase as and therefore, fluid temperature increases.

Numerical investigation of rotational speed effects on flow separation and boundary layer dynamics in ducted wind turbines

In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive numerical investigation of a ducted wind turbine under various rotational speeds, focusing on aspects such as boundary layer thickness and momentum thickness. Our study utilizes advanced computational fluid dynamics techniques to assess the intricate flow characteristics and aerodynamics of the ducted wind turbine, providing a detailed understanding of its operation under different speed conditions. The primary objectives are to comprehend the effect of the wind turbine’s rotational speed on the boundary layer thickness and the momentum thickness, two crucial parameters influencing the turbine’s performance and efficiency. Our findings reveal a significant correlation between the increase in rotational speed and the growth of flow separation, a phenomenon typically indicated by an expansion in the area of negative wall shear stress. This research contributes valuable insights into the behavior of ducted wind turbines at varying rotational speeds, and the acquired knowledge could potentially be utilized in designing and improving wind turbine systems to achieve better performance and enhanced operational efficiency.

Numerical Investigation on Suction Flow Control Technology for a Blunt Trailing Edge Hydrofoil

The generation of hydro-mechanical resonance is related to the transition of the boundary layer and the development of vortex shedding. The application effect of suction control in hydrodynamics is equally deserving of consideration as an active control technique in aerodynamics. This study examines how suction control affects the flow field of the NACA0009 blunt trailing edge hydrofoil using the γ transition model. Firstly, the accuracy of the numerical method is checked by performing a three-dimensional hydrofoil numerical simulation. Based on this, three-dimensional hydrofoil suction control research is conducted. According to the results, the suction control increases the velocity gradient in the boundary layer and delays the position of transition. The frequency of vortex shedding in the wake region lowers, and the peak value of velocity fluctuation declines. The hydrofoil hydrodynamic performance may be successfully improved with a proper selection of the suction coefficient via research of the suction coefficient and suction position on the flow field around the hydrofoil. The lift/drag ratio goes up as the suction coefficient goes up. The boundary layer displacement thickness and momentum thickness are at their lowest points, and the velocity fluctuation amplitude in the wake region is at its lowest point as the suction coefficient Cμ = 0.003. When the suction slots are at the leading edge, the momentum loss in the boundary layer is minimal and the velocity fluctuation in the wake zone is negligible.

Investigation of Oldroyd‐B fluid flow and heat transfer over a stretching sheet with nonlinear radiation and heat source

AbstractThe given investigation concerns the study of non‐Newtonian Oldroyd‐B fluid flow across a permeable surface along with nonlinear thermal radiation, chemical reactions, and heat sources. Equations modified are thus numerically evaluated by employing bvp4c‐technique. Obtained outcomes are exhibited graphically. Pictorial notations are used to investigate the consequences of necessary parameters of velocity, energy, and mass. Acquired outcomes provide promising agreement with already established consequences provided in the open literature. The obtained results guided that magnetic field parameter (), porosity parameter (), Deborah number reduce momentum boundary layer thickness, furthermore, growth in the relevant Deborah number improves the corresponding momentum boundary layer.

Numerical study of Cattaneo‐Christov heat transfer in MHD Carreau‐Yasuda hybrid nanofluid subjected to Buoyancy force

AbstractHybrid nanofluids (HNFs) have potentials applications in automotive industry, heating and cooling systems, biomedical and other fields due to their ability to introduce higher thermal conductivity than standard nanofluids. The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the thermal transport performance (in the presence of buoyancy force) of two sets of HNFs. The hybrid nanoparticles which is the combination of titanium carbide and aluminium oxide, and the combination of titanium carbide‐copper oxide are taken into account. Both types of hybrid nanoparticles are dispersed in as a subjective fluid over a vertical nonlinear stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium. This will be the first study on the MXene base material , making it possible for MXene‐based materials to enter the fluid dynamics field. Further, MXene material as heat transporting material is studied less and much more is needed for explore its various aspect. The specific combination of , and is considered because of their promising thermophysical and thermal transport properties. Moreover, considered combination of nanoparticles and the base fluid form a mixture which has thermal relaxation characteristics due to which its deviates from classical Fourier law of heat conduction. Therefore, instead of conventional Fourier's law of heat conduction, the non‐Fourier law of heat conduction is used to formulate the energy equation. It is first time that fhe finite element of method (FEM) is used for such a coupled and nonlinear complex problems of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The numerical and graphical impacts of magnetic fields, Grashof number, permeable parameter, and thermal relaxation time parameter on velocity, and heat transport are investigated by applying FEM on formulated boundary value problems. In each studied system, increasing the Hartmann number causes an increase the skin friction coefficient and a decrease in the Nusselt number. Moreover, by increasing the thermal relaxation parameter, the temperature of the fluid decreases significantly. The velocity of the modified nanofluids is directly proportional to the Grashof number. The thermal boundary layer thickness (TBLT) and momentum boundary layer thickness (MBLT) of Carreau‐Yasuda (CY)‐HNF (Set II) is greater than CY hybrid nanofluid (CY‐HNF) (Set I) and CY‐Nanofluid (NF), respectively. We believe that the current research work provides new insights to improve the heat transport of nanofluid using appropriate combination of hybrid nanoparticles for practical application.

Hybrid Nanofluid Flow with Multiple Slips Over a Permeable Stretching/Shrinking Sheet Embedded in a Porous Medium

Including slip boundary conditions in the study involving the flow of foams, emulsions, polymer solutions, and suspensions over moving surfaces are crucial for real-life applications. The current study analysed the multiple slips effects on the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow of Ag-CuO/water hybrid nanofluid past a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet embedded in a porous medium. Appropriate similarity variables are introduced for transforming the governing equations and boundary conditions into ordinary differential equations before being solved using the bvp4c solver. Dual solutions are yielded from the numerical computation of flow over a shrinking sheet, and the first solution is identified as stable through a stability analysis. It is found that the imposition of velocity, thermal, and mass slips promotes the reduction of momentum, thermal, and concentration boundary layer thickness, respectively. The hybrid nanofluid around the sheet is observed to flow at a different velocity from the sheet due to the imposition of velocity slip. Thermal and mass slips, meanwhile, obstruct the flow's ability to transport heat and mass. An increased suction parameter, however, can aid in enhancing the rates of heat and mass transfers.

On wall pressure fluctuations in conical shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction

The structure and the frequency spectra of wall pressure fluctuations beneath a planar turbulent boundary layer interacting with a conical shock wave at Mach number $M_\infty =2.05$ and Reynolds number $\textit {Re}_\theta \approx 630$ (based on the upstream boundary layer momentum thickness) are examined to elucidate the effects of pressure gradient and flow separation on the characteristics of the wall pressure fluctuations, by exploiting a direct numerical simulation database. Upstream of the interaction, in the zero pressure gradient region, wall pressure statistics compare well with canonical compressible boundary layers in terms of fluctuation intensities and frequency spectra. Across the main interaction zone (APG1), the root-mean-square of wall pressure fluctuations becomes very large (corresponding to approximately 173.3 dB), with maximum increase approximately 12.7 dB from the incoming level. In the second adverse pressure gradient zone (APG2), the root-mean-square of wall pressure fluctuations attains a second peak (corresponding to $164.7$ dB), with an increase of 8.4 dB from the upstream level. Both the APG1 and APG2 regions feature a substantial fraction of flow reversal events, which are, however, scattered and interspersed with regions of attached flow. The wall pressure power spectral density exhibits a broadband and energetic low-frequency component associated with the global unsteadiness of the separation bubble/conical shock system. Analysis of the two-point correlations and wavenumber/frequency spectra of wall pressure fluctuations further suggests that the typical eddies become more elongated along the spanwise direction, as the flow in the separated region tends to escape the centreline, and the convection velocity is significantly reduced.

MHD micro polar fluid flow over a stretching surface with melting and slip effect

Objective of the present analysis is to represent the phenomenon of Heat–mass transfer on MHD micro polar fluids caused by permeable and continuously stretching sheet along with slip impacts fostered in a porous medium. Consequently, the equation of energy includes the term of non-uniform heat source/sink. The equation regarding species concentration in cooperates the terms indicating order of chemical reaction to characterize the chemically reactive species. The application software MATLAB with governing syntax of bvp4c technique are employed to reduce equations of momentum, micro-rations, heat, and concentration into suitable required simplifications to derive necessary arithmetic manipulations of available non-linear equations. Various dimensionless parameters are portrayed in the available graphs with essential consequences. Analysis discovered that micro-polar fluid improves velocity and temperature profile while it suppresses micro-rations profile also magnetic parameter (M) and porosity parameter (K_p) reduces the momentum boundary layer thickness. The acquired deductions verify remarkable correspondence with already reported in an open literature.

Effect of nonlinear thermal radiation on second order slip flow and heat transfer of Jeffrey nanofluid over a stretching sheet with non-uniform heat source/sink

The flow and heat transfer of Jeffrey nanofluid over a stretching sheet with non-uniform heat source/sink is considered in the present analysis. Effects of nonlinear thermal radiation and second order slip are taken along with uniform magnetic field. System of partial differential equations governing the described problem is reduced to nonlinear ordinary differential equations with aid of similarity transformations. Further, reduced equations are solved numerically using Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg 45 order method with shooting technique. Effects all flow pertinent parameters are recorded in terms of tables and graphs. The results are studied with help of plotted graphs, tables. Results are compared with existing one for some limiting cases and are found to be excellent agreement. It is found that both first, second order velocity slip parameters reduces the thickness of momentum boundary layer and hence decrease the velocity as a result of this one can find the increase in thermal boundary layer.

Enhancement in the efficiency of heat recovery in a Williamson hybrid nanofluid over a vertically thin needle with entropy generation

The purpose of the present research is to conduct an examination of entropy generation in a 2D magneto Williamson hybrid nanofluid flow that contains cobalt ferrite and titanium oxide nanoparticles and undergoes surface-catalyzed reactions through a thin vertical needle. The consequences of joule heating and viscous dissipation are considered to elaborate the features of heat transport. Further, the influence of thermal stratification, thermal radiation, and homogeneous-heterogeneous reaction is also taken into account. Through the application of appropriate similarity variables, the dimensionless system of coupled ordinary differential equations is achieved. The coupled system of equations is numerically solved by the usage of the bvp4c technique in the MATLAB algorithm. The current investigation also compared the existing outcomes with the available literature, which shows great harmony between the two. The consequences of the physical parameters are discussed graphically and with numerical data. It is worth noting that larger values of homogeneous reaction strength and the surface-catalyzed parameter diminish the concentration field. Further, the velocity distribution and their related momentum boundary layer thickness, diminishes with the enlargement of the Weissenberg parameter.

Modeling and Analysis of Unsteady Casson Fluid Flow due to an Exponentially Accelerating Plate with Thermal and Solutal Convective Boundary Conditions

We intend to analyze the consequence of considering thermal radiation on time-dependent flow of the Casson fluid due to an exponentially accelerated inclined surface along with thermal as well as solutal convective boundary conditions. Fundamental equations governing an isotropic incompressible radiative Casson fluid flow are defined through a set of linear partial differential equations, and exact solutions are derived by using the Laplace transform approach. The numerical findings, obtained using MATLAB software, are presented in graphical and tabular representations based on the obtained analytical solutions of the fundamental equations. This investigation shows that the increment in thermal radiation results in the increment in fluid velocity and temperature distribution including thermal and momentum boundary layer thicknesses. Most interestingly, increasing the mass transfer coefficient results in an increment in the species concentration, velocity profiles, and mass transfer rate. However, the fluid velocity diminishes near the plate upon the increase in plate inclination. The scientific community will benefit greatly from this work since the findings can serve as benchmark solutions using numerical approaches to solve fully nonlinear flow governing problems.

Computation of EMHD ternary hybrid non-Newtonian nanofluid over a wedge embedded in a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium with zeta potential and wall suction/injection effects

The field of engineering is witnessing an increasing number of applications for intelligent electromagnetic nano-coatings. These recent advancements serve as the impetus for an investigation into a theoretical and computational study of an unsteady electro-magneto-hydrodynamic (EMHD) incompressible two-dimensional tangent hyperbolic non-Newtonian ternary hybrid nanofluid boundary layer coating flow external to a two-dimensional porous wedge geometry adjacent to a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium. Both aligned electrical and transverse magnetic field effects are included. The effects of zeta-potential and surface injection/suction are included. The ternary composite nanofluid comprises three nanoparticles ( A l 2 O 3 , T i O 2 and S i O 2 ) with aqueous base fluid ( H 2 O ) The governing conservation partial differential equations for continuity and momentum and associated boundary conditions at the wedge surface and free stream are transformed with appropriate similarity variables. The emerging ordinary differential nonlinear boundary value problem is numerically solved in MATLAB. Validation with earlier studies is included. A significant deceleration is induced in the flow of a ternary hybrid nanofluid with an increase in the electric field parameter. An increment in Falkner-Skan power-law constant (moving wedge angle parameter) boosts the local skin friction coefficient for both the ternary hybrid nanofluid (THNF) and unitary A l 2 O 3 nanofluid (UNF) cases. The flow is boosted with an increase in the power-law rheological characteristic, which ranges from shear-thinning n < 1 to shear-thickening n > 1.

Hypersonic Conical Shock-Wave/Turbulent-Boundary-Layer Interaction at High Reynolds Number

A parametric study of hypersonic impinging conical-shock-wave/turbulent-boundary-layer interaction (CSBLI) is carried out at hypersonic high-Reynolds-number conditions (Mach number 6.0, , based on the freestream momentum boundary-layer thickness and wall viscosity) by means of numerical simulation of the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations, with the eventual goal of establishing wall temperature effects. Comparison with available experimental data shows that RANS is capable of predicting the main features of hypersonic oblique shock-wave/turbulent-boundary-layer interaction, namely, typical size and distribution of the wall properties. A large number of flow cases, especially at high Reynolds number, were computed to examine the scaling of the heat transfer over a wide range of wall temperatures. As expected, the interaction zone of hypersonic CSBLI is reduced as the wall is cooled. A simple power of heat transfer originally introduced by Back and Cuffel (“Changes in Heat Transfer from Turbulent Boundary Layers Interacting with Shock Waves and Expansion Waves,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 8, No. 10, 1970, pp. 1871–1873) for planar shock-induced interactions is here considered to account for hypersonic CSBLIs, which is found to successfully collapse the data to the distributions obtained for supersonic/hypersonic, cold/hot interactions. The value range of the power exponent is within 0.75–0.95.

Sutterby hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer over a nonlinearly expanding sheet with convective boundary condition and zero-mass flux concentration

This paper examines the impacts of a nonlinearly expanding sheet on velocity, heat and mass transport for a Suttery hybrid nanoliquid (mixture of Sutterby fluid and [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The zero-mass flux concentration and convective boundary conditions are considered. Nondimensionalization of governing equations may be achieved through similarity conversions. The governing equations are solved utilizing the Optimal Homotopy Analysis Method. Graphs and tables were used to document the effects of different variables. The numerical values for skin friction, Sherwood number and Nusselt number are provided in a table for diverse relevant factors. Comparisons were made to a previous study’s findings. The results obtained are in agreement with the findings of the prior study. The outcome is that the occurrence of hybrid nanoparticles ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in ethylene glycol liquid enhances its thermal conductivity thereby increasing the thermal boundary layer thickness. The presence of hybrid nanoparticles ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in ethylene glycol liquid also increases the momentum boundary layer thickness.

Mechanism of hydrodynamic viscosity variation and convective boundary for flow of micropolar nanofluid within porous medium

Micropolar fluids have microstructures and have applications in lubricating theory and porous media. This study inculpates the Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of micropolar nanofluid past the stretching sheet enclosed in a permeable medium. The fluid is flowing through convective boundary and is thought to be constant and laminar. Velocity slips through the surface is considered in conjunction with temperature effected viscosity and thermal radiation. Through a similarity transformation, governing model's pde's are converted to a set of nonlinear odes which are then attempted numerically by RK-5 technique along with shooting skills. Different non-dimensional parameters are examined graphically for velocity, micro-rotation, temperature and concentration profiles. The magnetic field parameter shows a decrease in the velocity profile, while opposite results are shown for temperature and concentration profile. The graphical outcomes also show that the momentum boundary layer thickness increases with the values of stretching ratio parameter. The temperature is growing due to enhancing the Eckert number and radiation parameter. The thermal boundary layer and concentration upsurge for rising values of thermophoresis parameter while for Brownian temperature profile rises whereas reduction in concentration is shown. Computed values of physical quantities like wall shear stress component, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are given through bar charts. Results include the increasing value of Biot number causes an increment in the magnitude of temperature gradient. Moreover, comparison of results with previous work gives the compatibility of adopted techniques for solution.