Moment Of Departure Research Articles

Bubble growth on a smooth metallic surface at atmospheric and sub-atmospheric pressure

Bubble growth rate is one of the most important parameters required for the development of accurate mechanistic nucleate boiling heat transfer models. It is also very important for understanding the hydrodynamic forces and the mechanism of bubble departure. This paper presents an experimental study on bubble growth measurements in saturated pool boiling of deionized water on a plain copper surface at atmospheric and sub-atmospheric pressure. The measurements were conducted using a high-speed, high-resolution camera with a microscopic lens. The mechanisms of bubble growth are discussed, while the microlayer evaporation mechanism has been evaluated and discussed using the measured bubble growth curve. The estimated contribution of microlayer evaporation to a single bubble growth is about 70 %, while the contribution of latent heat transfer (evaporation) to the total heat transfer rate from the surface is about 30 %. The remaining 70 % is due to other mechanisms, i.e. conduction and convection. These values were obtained based on the analysis of the bubble growth curve only and agreed with some researchers who conducted local heat transfer measurements using integrated sensors or infrared thermography. These detailed measurement techniques cannot be used with the thick copper block tested in the current study, which was also tested by many researchers in literature and is representative of industrially used surfaces. It was also found that the bubble departure mechanism at atmospheric pressure is due to a static balance between surface tension and buoyancy forces while at sub-atmospheric pressure, it was between buoyancy and liquid inertia forces. The pressure did not have a significant effect on the characteristics of the dynamic contact angle, which was also measured from the instantaneous images of the bubble. It was concluded also that the force balance required for the accurate prediction of departure diameter should be conducted when the two forces are equal, which occurred at time less than the departure time and dynamic contact angle of about 45. In most bubble departure models, researchers recommended the balance to be conducted at the moment of departure when the bubble forms a neck with contact angle of 900 (underestimation to the surface tension force). The analysis of one of the commonly used homogeneous growth models indicated that for homogeneous bubble growth models to be applicable in nucleate boiling, an allowance must be made for the fact that the degree of superheat varies with time during a bubble growth period.

Desire, Death and Sexual Politics in Gustave Flaubert’s Madame Bovary

This paper examines the interface of desire, sexual politics and death through a literary-critical study of Gustave Flaubert’s Madame Bovary. The study focuses on the characterization of Emma which allows for a more in-depth and thorough exploration of her psychology vis-à-vis the concepts of desire and death. Firstly, the study extensively explores the Girardian models responsible for Emma Bovary’s desire within the novel. It brings out to the surface the models or mediators (such as romantic fictions, or fashion magazines, or the luxurious life of the rich) responsible for Emma’s desire. These mediators create a void or vacuum in Emma, which need to be filled. This, as the study has shown however, is difficult to do because of sexual politics. Flaubert here suggests that a woman’s desire ends only with death – a patriarchal creed that preordains woman to live without desire. Here, then, lies the intersection between Emma’s desiring pleasure and the instinct of death drive. Therefore, the study examines, from Jonathan Dollimore’s paradigm, the extent to which Emma Bovary’s desire, as portrayed by Girard, creates an “ideal” in her mind and causes her death. The implication of this is that a woman only ascertains a freedom from the trauma of unfulfilled desire in death, a tragic irony that surrounds Emma’s moment of departure from the world as a conscious being.

Another Orientalism? the Case of Eva De Vitray-Meyerovitch and Rumi

This article turns to the trajectory of an often ignored figure in the history of French Islamology, Eva de Vitray-Meyerovitch. Through the trajectory and circuits of de Vitray's life and thought, it explores the ambiguity of a forgotten variety of twentieth-century French Islamology, one which attempted to make itself into a mystical study of mysticism and follow the internal logic of its object of study. This article considers the aspects of de Vitray's life and thought that cannot be purely reduced to the circuits of imperialism, or predestined to be a spiritualist search for the “mystical East” as the inferior other of the “rational West.” It looks at the possibility of partial disidentifications from the Orientalist commitment to the European imperialist project, “moments of departure” from classic Orientalism. These can be found in the moments of identification with the mystics who are studied by Islamologists like de Vitray. The East, here in the form of Islamic mysticism, no longer functions as “a career” but rather enables possessive and colonial epistemological attitudes to be defied. Through de Vitray's biography, trajectory and works, I suggest that the Orientalist “type” she represents introduces a form of double-translation that does not make the studied object immediately available for colonial use or scholarly possession, but rather generates a transformative conversion of the translator and scholar whose position of mastery is “cast into dust,” to use Rumi's words, and is transformed into a position of discipleship.

Совершенствование организации работы локомотивных бригад (на примере участка Петровский Завод – Карымская Забайкальской железной дороги)

On the Trans-Baikal Railway, the search for appropriate areas for circulation of locomotive crews is underway. Short shoulders lead to inefficient use of locomotive crews, and long ones lead to the need to change crews at intermediate stations (without reaching the shift points). We need to develop new ways to optimize the work of locomotive crews. The article analyzes the effective shoulder lengths for compliance with the optimal values. It is established that traction shoulders are optimal, but locomotive crew service shoulders require optimization. The analysis of working hours of locomotive crews on active shoulders showed that shortage of locomotives and locomotive crews is caused by problems of exceeding the overhead time, cancellation of locomotive crews due to exceeding two hours from the moment of appearance to the moment of departure, change of locomotive crews at intermediate stations (i.e., not reaching the points of turnover or place of residence). The main causes of these problems are identified and measures aimed at solving them are proposed. It is proposed to use two variants of technology of using warm-up teams to perform operations between the arrival of a train at the shift point and the departure after all technological operations are completed, which will reduce the overhead time. The technology is considered by the example of the Karymskaya junction station. Technical and economic comparison of the options was carried out, proving their feasibility.

The InflateSAR Campaign: Evaluating SAR Identification Capabilities of Distressed Refugee Boats

Most of the recent research in the field of marine target detection has been concentrating on ships with large metallic parts. The focus of this work is on much more challenging targets represented by small rubber inflatables. They are of importance, since in recent years they have largely been used by migrants to cross the Mediterranean Sea between Libya and Europe. The motivation of this research is to mitigate the ongoing humanitarian crisis at Europe’s southern borders. These boats, packed with up to 200 people, are in no way suitable to cross the Mediterranean Sea or any other big water body and are in distress from the moment of departure. The establishment of a satellite-based surveillance infrastructure could considerably support search and rescue missions in the Mediterranean Sea, reduce the number of such boats being missed and mitigate the ongoing death in the open ocean. In this work we describe and analyze data from the InflateSAR acquisition campaign, wherein we gathered multiple-platform SAR imagery of an original refugee inflatable. The test site for this campaign is a lake which provides background clutter that is more predictable. The analysis considered a sum of experiments, enabling investigations of a broad range of scene settings, such as the vessel’s orientation, superstructures and speed. We assess their impact on the detectability of the chosen target under different sensor parameters, such as polarimetry, resolution and incidence angle. Results show that TerraSAR-X Spotlight and Stripmap modes offer good capabilities to potentially detect those types of boats in distress. Low incidence angles and cross-polarization decrease the chance of a successful identification, whereas a fully occupied inflatable, orthogonally oriented to the line of sight, seems to be better visible than an empty one. The polarimetric analyses prove the vessel’s different polarimetric behavior in comparison with the water surface, especially when it comes to entropy. The analysis considered state-of-the-art methodologies with single polarization and dual polarization channels. Finally, different metrics are used to discuss whether and to which extent the results are applicable to other open ocean datasets. This paper does not introduce any vessel detection or classification algorithm from SAR images. Rather, its results aim at paving the way to the design and the development of a specially tailored detection algorithm for small rubber inflatables.

The sumplokē of the narrating voice in A la recherche du temps perdu

ABSTRACT This article contends with a primary, yet unresolved, problem in Proust criticism: just who is the narrator of A la recherche du temps perdu? Rather than answering, I seek to de-legitimise the ‘who is’ of this contention. Applying Derrida’s famous critique of ontological presence (parousia) and incorporating his notion of iterability offers a reading by which the narrating ‘voice’ of Proust’s fiction disperses across different characters even in the work of a sentence – a possibility invited by Proust’s elusive style of narration. Proust’s novel in turn foregrounds the instability of subjectivity which is typified by the iterability of language. As language organises to form a text, deconstruction privileges the interstices that work between words and engender context, or restance, and these become the moments of departure and appropriation for any Proustian narrator. In that regard, I argue that Derrida’s adoption of the sumplokē (the weaving, or conjunction of being and not-being that renders discourse) aptly describes the fluctuation in and out of appropriated ‘self’ of the narrating Proustian sentence that never fixes a static present, or presence.

On Departures

The Performance Research issue devoted to ‘Departures’ appeared as the first in the sixth year of publication in 2001. In this essay I return to the theme of the issue around ‘the migrations of people’ and ‘writing around differing geographies and histories of travel’ especially responding to Nicolas Whybrow’s piece ‘Leaving Berlin’ as a point of departure for writing about migrations connecting with my family history to try to explore the topic of departure through the prism of family memory and the efforts others have made to leave Berlin in times when leaving wasn’t an option for most people, especially the famous case of Heiner Müller. I think about Tegel airport as a site of departure and also try to connect my memories with the larger context of forced migration (it is only a thread but it needs to be followed) and try to draw some illogical conclusions about the logics of departure and how difficult it is to capture the moment of departure.

‘She gets the job done’: Entrenched gender meanings and new returns to essentialism in India’s elite professional firms

Using the case of elite Indian professionals, this article offers a contrast to the robust literature suggesting collinearity between gender essentialism and inequality in organizational settings. Analyzing 139 interviews with professionals in India’s elite litigation, transactional law, and consulting firms, it reveals that while gendered meanings and hierarchies certainly infiltrate all workspaces, not all trajectories for Indian women in high-status work are prematurely disadvantaged. Particularly, it suggests an unlikely positive valorization in the case of women working in new and elite law firms doing global transactional work. While other female professionals were dismissed or overlooked for not performing maleness in an organizational setting, it was the reverse for transactional lawyers who were regarded positively for similar traits. Instead of being passed over for opportunities or dismissed by their clients, many of these women were seen as best suited for handling the important, global work they were entrusted with and often requested on transactions. The limited case of these professionals reveals how in some new contexts, gendered assumptions about work can further rather than inhibit egalitarian outcomes. However, even as the theoretical extensions in highlighting this mechanism helps add nuance to our understandings of essentialism, it does so while confirming that even in moments of departure, equality is accessed within strictly patriarchal scripts in elite organizations.

Rural-to-urban Migration and Rising Evaluation Standards for Subjective Social Status in Contemporary China

People’s evaluation standards in rating social status may evolve when exterior living circumstances change, and studying whether and how migration process changes individuals’ evaluation standards in rating social status can shed new light on this issue. Utilizing the dataset from 2010–2012 China Family Panel Studies and by employing the anchoring vignette method, this study reveals for the first time that rural-to-urban migrants adopt higher standards than those who stay behind in the countryside, but their evaluation standards still remain significantly lower than those adopted by urban residents. Heterogeneity in transitions of reference points within the migrants group is also explored. Except for the eldest cohort, all other younger migrants employ significantly higher standards in rating social status than rural villagers; the new generation of migrants is not significantly different from the elder in terms of the evaluation standards. More importantly, the increase in evaluation standards of migrants becomes greater through the years, from the moment of departure from one’s hukou registration place. These findings challenge the prevalent practice of assigning or assuming an ad hoc reference group to migrants in many studies, and advance our understanding on the determinants of the reference points used to evaluate social status, on which little is known so far.

The Counterpoint Music of the Exile in Fulvio Tomizza’s La ragazza di Petrovia

Fulvio Tomizza, one of the most fascinating and yet most neglected writers of the Italian twentieth century, dealt extensively with exile. In picturing the dramatic Istrian diaspora that followed the Second World War Italo-Yugoslav border redefinition, he focused on the moment of departure from one’s own country of origins, pinpointing a broken cosmos, which comes together with the progressive split of the self. Thanks to Edward Said’s theoretical investigations, Tomizza’s novel La ragazza di Petrovia can be seen as shedding new light on the exilic condition and its dissonances. In particular, this analysis aims to develop a comparison between the musical dynamics of counterpoint (such as dissonance and simultaneity) and the narrative of the novel’s protagonist, in order to fully explore the controversial decision to remain in the country of one’s origin or move away.

International passanger survey at the Airport Debrecen – Main characteristics of departure visitors from AD

The main reason of the research is to make a survey of the habits of foreign visitors arriving in Debrecen by air and their satisfaction. What was experienced in 2013 regarding low foreign proportion is also noticable in 2014. In the examined two months, of the whole passenger traffic between London and Debrecen only 10-15% is tourism by foreign visitors. There was not any information before about consumption of tourists arriving in Debrecen by air. In the course of my research I was examining the main elements of consumptions. From the gathered infromation from the questionaires it can be ascertained that on many occasions service providers failed to accomplish satisfying levels, quality. Underachievement occured and the experience of the visitors was worse than their expectations. This gives reasons for the indicators detailed analysis. The results of the satisfaction test might be an essential basis to further develop the city’s tourist products and services in the future. Personal experience of either visitors satisfaction or dissatisfaction, gets stored as a memory which influences future decisions on travelling. Because of this the city has to make an effort to provide higher standards of quality to people travelling into Debrecen by air from the first moment of arrival till the last moment of departure and leave satisffied.

A life in books

A note from the Reviews Editor. How are intellectual and personal lives shaped through encounters with books? In this first instalment of our new occasional special feature, Tim Ingold responds to our invitation to select the five key books that most influenced his thinking. His selections illustrate the diversity of ways in which books can become meaningful: sometimes condensing an existing train of thought; in moments of inspiration; nagging away in languages that draw us in despite, or because of, the partial ways we understand; sometimes as points of arrival, redescribing what we already feel we know; at others as moments of departure, in new possibilities realized or glimpsed; in disagreement as much as assent; in the exhilarating revelation of a fleeting moment of discovery, or in the gradual evolution of new ideas over years or even decades.

Quality of interhospital transport of the critically ill: impact of a Mobile Intensive Care Unit with a specialized retrieval team

IntroductionIn order to minimize the additional risk of interhospital transport of critically ill patients, we started a mobile intensive care unit (MICU) with a specialized retrieval team, reaching out from our university hospital-based intensive care unit to our adherence region in March 2009. To evaluate the effects of this implementation, we performed a prospective audit comparing adverse events and patient stability during MICU transfers with our previous data on transfers performed by standard ambulance.MethodsAll transfers performed by MICU from March 2009 until December 2009 were included. Data on 14 vital variables were collected at the moment of departure, arrival and 24 hours after admission. Variables before and after transfer were compared using the paired-sample T-test. Major deterioration was expressed as a variable beyond a predefined critical threshold and was analyzed using the McNemar test and the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test. Results were compared to the data of our previous prospective study on interhospital transfer performed by ambulance.ResultsA total of 74 interhospital transfers of ICU patients over a 10-month period were evaluated. An increase of total number of variables beyond critical threshold at arrival, indicating a worsening of condition, was found in 38 percent of patients. Thirty-two percent exhibited a decrease of one or more variables beyond critical threshold and 30% showed no difference. There was no correlation between patient status at arrival and the duration of transfer or severity of disease. ICU mortality was 28%. Systolic blood pressure, glucose and haemoglobin were significantly different at arrival compared to departure, although significant values for major deterioration were never reached. Compared to standard ambulance transfers of ICU patients, there were less adverse events: 12.5% vs. 34%, which in the current study were merely caused by technical (and not medical) problems. Although mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score was significantly higher, patients transferred by MICU showed less deterioration in pulmonary parameters during transfer than patients transferred by standard ambulance.ConclusionsTransfer by MICU imposes less risk to critically ill patients compared to transfer performed by standard ambulance and has, therefore, resulted in an improved quality of interhospital transport of ICU patients in the north-eastern part of the Netherlands.

Rilke’s and Goldberg’s Prodigal Son: two modern interpretations of a Christian theme

The New Testament parable of the ''Prodigal Son'' has many interpretations in literature and art. In this article I focus on two poetic examples: Rilke's ''Der Auszug des Verlorenen Sohnes'' and Lea Goldberg's ''The Prodigal Son,'' a cycle of three poems: ''On the Road,'' ''In the House,'' and ''Repentance''. I will show the differences between the poets' approaches to the parable. ''The Parable of the Prodigal Son'' is part of a series of parables in Luke 15-19. Most traditional Christian exegeses regard the prodigal son's action as an act of sin and repentance. As we shall prove, Rilke and Goldberg employed the parable in different ways. Rilke used it as a springboard for his own ideas. He was interested in the moment of departure as a symbol of an infinite search for a new path. Goldberg remained closer to the biblical narrative, but she used the parable as a psycho- logical platform to explore the prodigal son's feelings on his return home, and his family's reaction to his absence and homecoming.

Diaspora’s “Dark Room”: Photography and the Vision of Loss in Jhumpa Lahiri’s “Hema and Kaushik”

In the long story “Hema and Kaushik” that comprises Part II of Jhumpa Lahiri’s most recent collection Unaccustomed Earth (2008), we find the recurrent trope of photographs and photography. Kaushik, the child of immigrants, becomes a photojournalist who visits war-torn areas documenting the destruction with his camera. The loss of homeland for second-generation immigrants like Kaushik is a phantom loss, since they cannot access the originary moment of departure in their memories. I argue that photography allows Kaushik to counter his unrootedness by providing him with a sense of presence. However, given photography’s double edge — its ability to capture a moment and preserve it for posterity and, conversely, its inalienable connection with absence, loss and even death — it ultimately renders his efforts false and exacerbates his sense of phantom loss and diaspora mourning. Using writings on photography theory by Roland Barthes, Susan Sontag and others, I posit a relation between the desire to photograph and the immigrant condition.

The Enchantment of Science in India

In critiquing methodologies of the "global" as a spatial unit of analysis or a receptacle for influence across the planet, this essay positions India so as to assess the role and forms of science in the modern world. By taking the mid-nineteenth century as a moment of departure, it asks why, under what conditions, and to what effects Indians accepted science, but not biomedicine, in the high noon of colonialism. Existing imperial histories of science that are primarily fixated on the eighteenth century cast science as a site of exchange and dialogue, thus replicating the narrative of European expansion overseas. Instead, the power of science is here understood in the context of the politics of religion and rationality. In a synoptic overview, the essay assesses the archaeology of science and the blurred practices between religion and science, described here as "insurgent." It argues that science in India was a form of enchantment, while religion had become a form of disenchanted but rational knowledge. Unlike in Europe, and contrary to orientalist positions, science in India neither declared the death of God nor became "spiritualized" via religion. Instead, science inflected religion; and religion, in turn, facilitated a rational mediation between science and man. This specific relationship accounts for the "soft landing" of science in India and its usurpation in the service of an unapologetic national modernity.

A Psychotherapy Model for Treating Refugee Children Caught in the Midst of Catastrophic Situations

A psychotherapy model for treating child and adolescent refugees caught in the midst of catastrophic situations is proposed. Empirical studies of the peri-traumatic period, comprised between the moment of departure and up to the moment of arrival of the refugees to the sheltering country, are scarce and difficult to complete. A review of the literature reveals that negative, long term mental health outcomes in these populations are related to autonomic dysregulation and impaired narratives of the events, which result from exposure to overwhelming stress. The author combines case material from his own clinical experience treating Cuban children and adolescents inside refugee camps, with the available literature, in order to design the model. The role of the therapist is threefold and involves: (1) intervening to decrease hyperarousal and protect the refugee's neuroendocrine integrity, (2) helping the patient construct a cohesive narrative of the events during the peri-traumatic period and, (3) becoming an advocate for the refugee children and their families, helping to empower them so they can attain mastery and control over the forces that threaten to overwhelm their coping capacities. This model addresses a neglected area of refugee studies: treatment interventions during the peri-traumatic period. It attempts to bridge the empirical research gap that exists, due to the inherent difficulties of studying refugee populations "in the field." This model could potentially be extrapolated to treat other similar populations.

The Violence of Development and the Migration/Insecurities Nexus: labour migration in a North American context

This article sets out to challenge the dominant perspective on the nexus between migration and security. In particular since the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001 the discourse on migrants has been increasingly ‘securitised’. Migrants are seen as potential terrorists and thus constitute a security risk for the state. Taking the vantage point of migrants the present article introduces another nexus: the migration–insecurities nexus. It argues that migration as a social process is embedded in violence and insecurities. To start, the mal- or underdevelopment in sending regions has caused many people to migrate—in other words, migration is in part a consequence of the ‘violence of development’. However, the insecurities related to the migratory process do not end with the initial moment of departure—they extend to the entire migratory experience, ranging from crossing borders to being subjected to abuse and discrimination at the workplace and the risk of being deported. Additionally, family members and communities of origin are not exempt from being exposed to multiple insecurities. In sum, the article presents a different take on migration as a potential security risk, using Mexican migration to the USA as example.

Proceedings of the British Academy, 117: 2001 Lectures (review)

Reviewed by: Proceedings of the British Academy, 117: 2001 Lectures Anthony Miller British Academy Proceedings of the British Academy, 117: 2001 Lectures, Oxford, Published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press, 2002; hardcover; pp. xii, 543; RRP £40; ISBN 0197262791; ISSN 00681202. This volume collects sixteen lectures, of which eight relate to medieval or early modern topics. This concentration gratifyingly recognizes the continuing importance of our area in the world of learning – though it is also induces discouraging thoughts about the lack of such recognition in Australia, not only in public discourse but even from our academic peers in other areas. The lecturers are of course selected because they are distinguished scholars in their fields, who present their work on a prestigious occasion and presumably with a broader audience than they would normally encounter. Some use the opportunity to take a general overview of their field; others to communicate their own current work. It is an unusual experience to read through a series of such writings, in fields adjacent to one's own, and I recommend it. It must have something in common with the experience of reading one of the great nineteenth-century quarterlies: one can imagine oneself in a world where it is feasible to keep up to date with work across a wider spectrum than is in practice the case. This review can only take up a sample of the medieval and early modern lectures in the volume. In 'The Life of Learning', Keith Thomas contributes a masterly overview of the rise and place of historical learning in early modern England. Thomas emphasizes the primacy of religion both in the patronage of scholarship and as the subject of scholarship, and he emphasizes the utility that was accorded to classical learning. To these well known areas he adds 'the study of the English past: its laws and institutions, its local antiquities, and the history and genealogy of its leading families… Most of it was designed to give legitimacy to ruling families, to foster pride in English distinctiveness and to enhance the sense of identity in the local communities' (p. 215). In all these cases, scholarship therefore had a public utility. Rather surprisingly, Thomas contrasts even this aspect of early modern with late modern learning, in which he claims that scholars follow the logic of their own interests or of their discipline, not of a 'political establishment'. It may be different for a Fellow of All Souls like Keith Thomas, but less exalted scholars surely find this freedom much curtailed by the definitions of national benefit mandated by research funding bodies. In this respect, the history of learning is tending to repeat itself. Another broad-brush lecture is J. R. Maddicott's 'Prosperity and Power in the Age of Bede and Beowulf', which reviews the evidence that England in the [End Page 202]seventh and eighth centuries enjoyed an exceptionally high level of prosperity. To a non-expert, a salient point about this lecture is the continuing expansion of knowledge through archeology. My assumption that knowledge in such a field would be modified only at the margins or through new interpretations of well-known evidence is altogether misplaced. A great number of Maddicott's references are to archeological findings of the past 20 years. A more detailed approach to a more delimited question is Paul Binski's 'How Northern was the Northern Master at Assisi?' What must be, at some 15,000 words, a much expanded version of his lecture deploys with impressive authority, precision, and range the traditional scholarly discourse of art history: comparisons between iconographical features, halo design, leaf forms, painted tracery. Binski also takes into account unexpected new evidence uncovered by the 1997 earthquake at Assisi. Marshalling all these kinds of evidence, he queries the role of a supposed 'Northern Master' in the paintings of the north transept of the Upper Church of San Francesco at Assisi. Richard Wilson's Shakespeare Lecture, 'A World Elsewhere: Shakespeare's Sense of an Exit' confirms the advent of a new tendency in Shakespeare studies. Beginning from moments of departure and evocations of exile in Shakespeare's plays, Wilson builds toward an argument that claims a close relation between...

Other(s) Worlds: Mysticism and Radicalism at the Fin de Siècle

Over time our understanding of the ‘political’ has been progressively shaped by the secular rational calculations of modern European political thought. This paper aims to critique these ‘calculations’ with reference to crucial moments of departure and flight within western philosophy itself. It concludes by reclaiming fin de siècle radicalism/philosophy as a forgotten instance of empirical-metaphysical hybridity: a form of politics or ethics capable of housing the imperatives of both desire and prayer.