Bright Moments Research Articles

Convolutional neural network classification of ultrasound images by liver fibrosis stages based on echo-envelope statistics

Introduction: Assessing the stage of liver fibrosis during the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with diffuse liver disease is crucial. The tissue structure in the fibrotic liver is reflected in the texture and contrast of an ultrasound image, with the pixel brightness indicating the intensity of the echo envelope. Therefore, the progression of liver fibrosis can be evaluated non-invasively by analyzing ultrasound images.Methods: A convolutional-neural-network (CNN) classification of ultrasound images was applied to estimate liver fibrosis. In this study, the colorization of the ultrasound images using echo-envelope statistics that correspond to the features of the images is proposed to improve the accuracy of CNN classification. In the proposed method, the ultrasound image is modulated by the 3rd- and 4th-order moments of pixel brightness. The two modulated images and the original image were then synthesized into a color image of RGB representation.Results and Discussion: The colorized ultrasound images were classified via transfer learning of VGG-16 to evaluate the effect of colorization. Of the 80 ultrasound images with liver fibrosis stages F1–F4, 38 images were accurately classified by the CNN using the original ultrasound images, whereas 47 images were classified by the proposed method.

Alone Together: Study of Adolescents' Psychological Health and Contemporary Social Media

As a very common way of communication, social media such as YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok and WeChat have deeply infiltrated the lives of teenagers. For teenagers, the use of social media has long been embedded in the following scenarios: talking with friends, arranging after-school life, getting news, following the news of friends and family, keeping up with the latest trends, sharing the bright moments in life, expressing yourself, etc. Over time, the role social media plays in the lives of teenage groups has become more complex, nuanced and diverse. It seems that long gone are the days when one could simply talk about the impact of social media on teens. Adolescents have always been the focus of society as they are the key sustainable factors for future generations. Hence, it is vital to address the phenomenon of "alone together", and then suggest suitable advice targeting the young people group.

ОБРАЗЫ КЛАССИКОВ В ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯХ ДМИТРИЯ БОРИСОВА «КАМЕР-ЮНКЕР» И «ПУШКИН У ГОГОЛЯ»

We analyze the novella “Chamber junker” and the short story “Pushkin at Gogol’s” by a Saratov writer D. M. Borisov, published in 1937. In these works the author tried to creatively comprehend the bright moments of the biography of the classical writers, but then he was subjected to severe ideological criticism. The article is devoted to the revision of those unfair assessments.

Conversations, Dreams and Desires of the Inhabitants of Besieged Leningrad. 1941–1944

The author explores non-classical sources on the social history of besieged Leningrad — conversations, dreams and desires of the inhabitants of the city. Conversations, dreams and desires testify what is passionately desired, illusory and at the same time the most important for people. In relation to the history of the Siege of Leningrad, this has a special meaning, since it is a study of the fears, aspirations and hopes of a person in a catastrophe. The sources of studying of such specific forms of communication and auto-communication are reflections recorded in diaries, letters, memoirs, interviews. The author concludes that the dreams and desires of the inhabitants of besieged Leningrad, often remaining unfulfilled, reflected obvious and secret thoughts, fears, aspirations. Leningraders often told each other about their dreams, which were a bright moment of salvation to overcome the aching loneliness and stress. Thinking, speaking, dreaming about food, many have experienced or deliberately aroused in themselves a blissful, ecstatic state, returning with incredible pain to a deadly hungry reality. Men, women, children, people of different levels of education and culture were prone to daydreaming. The blockade present was so unbearable that the imagination painted a picture of well-being, comfort, satiety, peace in the past, which was experienced, familiar and sometimes seemed more real than the present and the future. The danger, often the practical impossibility of evacuation, transferred the physical movement to the space of sleep and dreams, where only the blockade could “act”. Such escapism allowed a person to escape the tyranny of blockaded reality. A very personal, private space which is a dream with the beginning of the war and especially the blockade, shrank to a very limited circle, the main ones in which were the lifting of the blockade and food.

Musical Intentions of Austro-Hungarian Period in Bukovina

"During the period of Austro-Hungarian rule, Bukovina demonstrated a great breakthrough in both socio-economic and cultural development. We find a reflection of the peculiarities of musical culture in the writings of that time. Even though musicology in the region was not a priority during the reign of the Habsburg monarchy, a few scientific, pedagogical and cultural works were found. We consider the work of Anton Norst to be the most informative source about the culture of Bukovina as the book reveals the bright moments of the region’s musical life. A significant achievement in the field of music pedagogy is the book on harmony by Sydir Vorobkevych, which became a textbook on musical literacy for Bukovynian musicians. Therefore, the presence of such scientific music-theoretical investigations makes it possible to draw conclusions about certain achievements of the Bukovinians in the field of historical and theoretical musicology. After all, the scientific works of Bukovynian authors were in demand during the period of their creation and are of interest even today. Keywords: musicology of Bukovina, Bukovynian culture, musical harmony, Anton Norst, Sydir Vorobkevych. "

Pioneer Valley Jazz Shares, Connecticut River Valley, Western Massachusetts, United States

Pioneer Valley Jazz Shares, Connecticut River Valley, Western Massachusetts, United States

ВЛАДИМИР ИВАНОВИЧ ДАЛЬ – ВРАЧ, ВЛАДЕЮЩИЙ СЛОВОМ (К 150-ЛЕТИЮ СО ДНЯ СМЕРТИ)

The article is devoted to the medical activity of the great creator of the Russian dictionary V.I.Dal. Many of us are well aware of the merit of V.I. Dal before Russian literature, but only the true experts of his work are aware of the undoubted abilities of Vladimir Ivanovich in the field of medicine. Meanwhile, in the biography of V.I. Dahl has a lot of bright moments confirming his undoubted contribution to the development of medicine as a scientist and as a practicing doctor.

Opportunity after a Perfect Storm.

As we collectively experience this viral scourge, I (L.K.R.) am reminded of a famous Dickens quote: “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times ... it was the season of light, it was the season of darkness....”1 He could have written this quote yesterday. It may seem like the worst of times, but it can sometimes also offer the best of times, with unexpected bright moments in the life of our practices. To whit, the recent convergence of two of my ongoing passions—perfecting the video recording of my surgeries and improving resident aesthetic surgery education.2 There came to pass a kind of perfect storm, marrying these same endeavors: the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) social distancing, my video recording working model, the necessity for ongoing resident education, and our global adoption of the Zoom video conferencing platform (Zoom Video Communications, Inc., San Jose, Calif.). So, I donned my headlamp with a Pixel 4 cell phone (Google, LLC, Mountain View, Calif.) affixed and conducted a successful interactive live-surgery session with my co-author, Roger Cason, a Duke University Medical Center senior resident. [See Video 1 (online), which demonstrates an interactive live-surgery teaching session between the authors.] After a PubMed search, it surprised me to find only one article describing a similarly transmitted didactic meeting during COVID-19.3 {"href":"Single Video Player","role":"media-player-id","content-type":"play-in-place","position":"float","orientation":"portrait","label":"Video 1.","caption":"This video shows a Zoom-assisted live-surgery session. It demonstrates an interactive live-surgery teaching session between the authors.","object-id":[{"pub-id-type":"doi","id":""},{"pub-id-type":"other","content-type":"media-stream-id","id":"1_ebv4m5b7"},{"pub-id-type":"other","content-type":"media-source","id":"Kaltura"}]} What have we learned from this “experiment”? The Zoom-like platform can successfully facilitate an authentic, high-definition, live-surgery session—from the surgeon’s point of view—approximating the in-person, observer experience. This video conferencing app may be invoked easily, promising future surgical sessions at any time, from anywhere. When recorded, the sessions can be posted and on-demand online. This set-up, as the toy boxes used to say, “may require some assembly,” but it proves the concept of donning a cell phone for operative video. Figure 1 illustrates the headlamp fitted with the cell phone within a three-dimensionally printed holster affixed with extension arms. Note the photography diffusion paper in place to approximate the softer, wider field of a video camera lamp. A counterweight hangs posteriorly, effectively negating the added weight anteriorly, allowing for hours of video. Using this high-end cell phone allows for the highest quality compact video on the market (4K with advanced image stabilization and zoom), a full day of battery life (with a battery pack in place), a large internal memory [128-GB Pixel phone and 256-GB iPhone (Apple, Inc., Cupertino, Calif.)], video streaming (Chromecast by Google or iPhone’s AirPlay by Apple) to a monitor, and automatic cloud video backup. [See Video 2 (online), which shows a Pixel Phone 4K video sample and demonstrates the impressive video quality of the mounted cell phone’s camera.] Their most compelling feature is the relentless incremental improvements, in weight and quality, as compared with every other camera on the market. {"href":"Single Video Player","role":"media-player-id","content-type":"play-in-place","position":"float","orientation":"portrait","label":"Video 2.","caption":"This video includes a Pixel Phone 4K video sample. The video demonstrates the impressive video quality of the mounted cell phone’s camera.","object-id":[{"pub-id-type":"doi","id":""},{"pub-id-type":"other","content-type":"media-stream-id","id":"1_pp5tk4jt"},{"pub-id-type":"other","content-type":"media-source","id":"Kaltura"}]} Fig. 1.: The headlamp fitted with the cell phone within a three-dimensionally printed holster affixed with GoPro (GoPro, Inc., San Mateo, Calif.)-like extension arms.The costs of my assembly (i.e., cell phone and holster) is less than $1500 and dwarfed by all the turnkey systems on the market, which still do not offer all the integrated benefits and photographic quality, in one compact unit. Most critically, only these cell phones allow for seamless Zoom-like live-streaming. I would encourage the adoption of this powerful and practical strategy for ongoing resident education during this time of COVID-19. Even after the cloud has lifted, this potent didactic tool should become standard practice in our educational quiver. DISCLOSURE The authors have no conflicts or disclosures to declare.

ВАТАНПАРВАРЛИК, МИЛЛИЙ ҒУРУР ТУЙҒУЛАРИНИНГ БАДИИЙ ИФОДАСИ

The article analyzes the poetic interpretation of the image of the Motherland in the works of the poet Sirojiddin Sayyid. The subject of most of his poems is Vatan. The poet cannot imagine himself apart from his homeland. Every bit of it, every in chis precious. In the work of Jadids, who considered as his duty to sing the feelings of nationalism and patriotism on the high degrees, the poems glorifying the Motherland, honoring the nation, proud of its bright moments in its history, suffering from the dreadful moments of the nation's histor

No Place for Monsters by Kory Merritt

Reviewed by: No Place for Monsters by Kory Merritt April Spisak Merritt, Kory No Place for Monsters; written and illus. by Kory Merritt. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2020 [384p] Trade ed. ISBN 9780358128533 $14.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9780358379294 $9.99 Reviewed from digital galleys R Gr. 5-7 Levi is still getting used to his new middle school after his parents separate and he moves with his mother and two sisters, and he mostly just passively watches the world going by. Perhaps it is those observation skills that help him remember his little sister, however, when she suddenly disappears and no one seems to know she ever existed. Such disappearances are happening all over town, and Levi and his classmate Kat quickly stumble onto an entire underworld of nightmarish monsters, the worst of whom is stealing children and erasing their loved ones' memories. Levi and Kat make a heartbreakingly great team, considering one of them won't emerge out of the underworld, and the other won't remember that their friend ever lived. It's an intense note for a middle grades novel, but so many children are saved by that powerful act of self-sacrifice (made in a moment when it was abundantly clear that all was nearly lost for everyone) that it at least seems necessary, if tragic. Detailed, vivid illustrations are essential, moving the story forward between the text. The monsters are tortured shapes, all angles, bones, and shadows, while the world above, filled with cranky adults and oblivious townsfolk, doesn't fare much better. It's a grim world all around, but at least there are moments of brightness, [End Page 37] as when Levi and his sister, reunited, rekindle their deep connection that was lost in the move. Sometimes monsters and darkness abound, but it is enough to have one person that you know has your back. Copyright © 2020 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

The Rise and Fall of the Southern Tenant Farmers Union in Arkansas by James D. Ross

Reviewed by: The Rise and Fall of the Southern Tenant Farmers Union in Arkansas by James D. Ross Kyle Wilkison The Rise and Fall of the Southern Tenant Farmers Union in Arkansas. By James D. Ross Jr. (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2018. Pp. x, 166. $55.00, ISBN 978-1-62190-352-9.) As the fiftieth anniversary of Donald H. Grubbs's Cry from the Cotton: The Southern Tenant Farmers' Union and the New Deal (Chapel Hill, 1971) draws near, James D. Ross Jr. offers a new take on the sharecropper uprising that—Ross asserts—complements and slightly revises, but does not replace, the work of Grubbs or a later interpretation by Pete Daniel. Ross contends that previous tellings have oversimplified the union's identity and origin story with competing caricatures of either forward-thinking leftists fighting for racial and human equality or forces of reaction fighting to conserve a customary political economy. Neither interpretation captures the complete picture, because each fails to consider "the views of the sharecroppers and the tenant farmers" who actually composed the union (p. 4). Ross's five short thematic chapters cover the lifetime of the Southern Tenant Farmers' Union (STFU) from 1934 to 1945, with most of the focus on its crucial formative period. Chapter 1 introduces the sorry tale of late-nineteenth-century southern cotton and its deleterious hold on the Arkansas Delta going into the Great Depression. Chapter 2 provides background for the union's radical milieu, with detailed descriptions of 1930s socialist-communist doctrinal disputes and a surprising amount of biography of leaders near (H. L. Mitchell), far (Norman Thomas), and farther (Henry Wallace). Chapter 3 covers the founding moment, acknowledging the role played by both elite actors and ordinary people. The very founding of the union and its maintenance thereafter were fraught with the crippling white supremacy of some of its white leaders and members. Chapter 4 introduces the promised voices of the union's ordinary members through the desperate letters they sent to the union's headquarters in Tyronza, Arkansas, and later Memphis, Tennessee. The letters reveal hungry, destitute people suffering the collapse of the only economic order with which they were familiar. Ross argues that the gut-wrenching excerpts he provides from about three dozen letter writers represent the typical concerns of most members. For Ross, the letters show that the members, far from being ideologues, were pragmatic people trying to find their children's next meal. They wanted work as sharecroppers; they believed the planters owed them a share of the government's crop reduction payments; they wanted to avoid the social slippage they saw as planters evicted tenants and hired day laborers; they frequently mentioned the ultimate goal of owning their own land. Chapter 5 seeks to explain the union's collapse by focusing on its own frailty. Ross acknowledges that externals—violence, official oppression, and mechanization—defeated the union, but he still pointedly dissects the union's internal weaknesses. His thesis is simple. The racial beliefs and practices of white STFU members and leaders doomed the effort. Where others have portrayed the STFU as another bright moment in the southern Left's pantheon of principled defeats, Ross sees the union as an ineffective organization whose ideologically oriented leadership failed to deliver what its members actually wanted: short-term emergency relief, the ability to continue cotton sharecropping under less [End Page 488] brutal conditions, and, ultimately, sufficient incomes to afford landownership. While Ross acknowledges the STFU's abstract challenge to Jim Crow, he also emphasizes that its white leaders and members manifested an everyday practice of white dominance, rejecting African American members' calls for equity and inclusion in decision-making. This, of course, mortally wounded any hope of solidarity. This work will not replace that of Grubbs or Daniel on the STFU. Nevertheless, it is a helpful companion to both as well as to later writings on the topic. As promised, Ross brings the tenant farmers back into the history of the Southern Tenant Farmers' Union and reminds southern historians to see what is there, not what they wish to see. Kyle Wilkison Collin College Copyright © 2019 Southern Historical Association

Совет молодых ученых Ростовского-на-Дону противочумного института: яркие моменты из прошлого, современный период и взгляд в будущее

Совет молодых ученых Ростовского-на-Дону противочумного института: яркие моменты из прошлого, современный период и взгляд в будущее

Conscience in Early Modern English Literature. Abraham Stoll. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. Pp. ix+216.

<i>Conscience in Early Modern English Literature</i>. Abraham Stoll. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. Pp. ix+216.

The Echo of Ice Letting Go by Julie Hungiville LeMay, and: Ghost Town Odes by Matt Schumacher

Reviewed by: The Echo of Ice Letting Go by Julie Hungiville LeMay, and: Ghost Town Odes by Matt Schumacher Michael J. Beilfuss Julie Hungiville LeMay, The Echo of Ice Letting Go. Fairbanks: U of Alaska P, 2017. 94 pp. Paper, $14.95; e-book, $14.95. Matt Schumacher, Ghost Town Odes. La Grande, OR: redbat books, 2016. 131 pp. Paper, $15. The opening poems of Julie Hungiville LeMay's collection announce the subjects that drift through her verse and never seem beyond reach or memory: a daughter's constancy, a son's addiction, friendship and heredity, cancer and its shadow of mortality, prayer and religion, and the creative struggle to make sense of our fractured lives and the places in which we find ourselves. The first poem suggests a theme: "I ride / with sadness. I am ripe with sorrow" (1). The closing poem of the first section offers a counterpoint of mercy and gratitude: Thank you for Incense Cedar memoriesof winter sweatersand dark worn pews, and for long-awaited greenof the Wild Ginger'sgenerous heart-shaped leaves. (18) Three of the four sections in LeMay's first book-length publication feature poems inspired by John Muir and include lines taken [End Page 475] from The Essential Muir. The epigraph to "Half-Found John Muir Poem #5" attests to the complexity of LeMay's verse: "But the darkest scriptures of the mountains are illumined with bright passages of love" (24). LeMay has called Alaska's Matanuska Valley home since 1978, and the long hours of the dark winters seem to keep vigil in these poems. She evokes an Alaskan winter with a simple image that ties up a poem about the death of a "young mother": "The pale sun never rises, only trolls / the cold horizon for echoes of our songs" (2). Funerals, prisons, hospitals, and feelings of ineffectualness are all present in The Echo of Ice Letting Go. But for all the melancholy, LeMay strives after the illumination that comes from bright moments of love. LeMay's love of poetic expression reaches out to touch the love of the natural world. The poet calls on Muir, the "old man of the Sierras," to be her muse: Talk to me, talk tome, tell me, and I will share scrub oak,fireweed that announcesabundant red, andcottonwood that fadesyellow like sun that skimsthis Chugach range in winter. (24) Muir's boundless capacity to witness the beauty and wonder of the natural world and to communicate it so lushly becomes not only a salve but also a challenge and inspiration for LeMay. There is a sense of powerful ecopoetics here—LeMay addresses Muir, but she also listens to and speaks for the earth itself. She filters Muir's words through her psyche, rinses them in Alaskan waters, and hangs them to dry in the "snow-/ pack, diamond light, cobalt sky" of her own mountain ranges (15). The image of a "soul-blue" sky (17) recurs in various iterations. The clarity and boundless potential of the Alaskan sky is even more poignant, given that it shares the same horizon that hides the winter sun. LeMay's poetry acknowledges the alternating fortunes [End Page 476] of day-to-day lived experience while also recognizing the earth as one constant, even in its shifting boundaries, in its ever changefulness. The poem "Remission" presents elements of the natural world standing out distinct, each offering assurance in its particular hue: "The sky extends / endlessly blue," "the snow on the mountain pretends purple against gray granite / all so clear // it seems I can reach across into valleys, stroke the spruce." But just as she attempts to hold on to the scene, "the snow / blows of the ridgeline and blurs into the clouds until there is no end / of mountain, no beginning of sky" (89). Boundaries shift, allowing the dark scriptures of cancer to be illuminated with bright passages of nature, and shift again, in the ceaseless interplay of struggle and peace. If LeMay's poems are introspective, introverted even, then Matt Schumacher's are extroverts. They thrive on the madcap tales of bandits and abandoned mining camps. They surround themselves with...

De-noising the galaxies in the Hubble XDF with EMPCA

We present a method to model optical images of galaxies using expectation maximization principal components analysis. The method returns de-noised images, it relies on the data alone and does not assume any pre-established model or fitting formula. It preserves the statistical properties of the sample, minimizing possible biases. The precision of the reconstructions appears to be suited for photometric, morphological and weak-lensing analysis, as well as the realization of mock astronomical images. As a case study, we discuss the latter because weak gravitational lensing is entering a new phase in which systematics are becoming the major source of uncertainty. Accurate simulations are necessary to perform a reliable calibration of the ellipticity measurements on which the final bias depends. The same is true for strong gravitational lensing where complex morphologies are required to simulate the substructures of strongly magnified galaxies. At this end, the clean images produced with this method can be deconvolved with other means. As a test case for a deep sample, we process 7038 galaxies observed with the Advanced Camera for Surveys Wide Field Channel (ACS/WFC) stacked images of the Hubble eXtreme Deep Field and measure the accuracy of the reconstructions in terms of their moments of brightness, which turn out to be comparable to what can be achieved with weak-lensing algorithms.

Book Review: Bakich,O. M. (2015). Valerii Pereleshin: Life of a Silkworm Toronto: University of Toronto Press

Book Review: Bakich,O. M. (2015). Valerii Pereleshin: Life of a Silkworm Toronto: University of Toronto Press

A demonstration of position angle-only weak lensing shear estimators on the GREAT3 simulations

We develop and apply the position angle-only shear estimator of Whittaker et al. (2014) to realistic galaxy images. This is done by demonstrating the method on the simulations of the GREAT3 challenge (Mandelbaum et al. 2014b), which include contributions from anisotropic PSFs. We measure the position angles of the galaxies using three distinct methods - the integrated light method, quadrupole moments of surface brightness, and using model-based ellipticity measurements provided by IM3SHAPE. A weighting scheme is adopted to address biases in the position angle measurements which arise in the presence of an anisotropic PSF. Biases on the shear estimates, due to measurement errors on the position angles and correlations between the measurement errors and the true position angles, are corrected for using simulated galaxy images and an iterative procedure. The properties of the simulations are estimated using the deep field images provided as part of the challenge. A method is developed to match the distributions of galaxy fluxes and half-light radii from the deep fields to the corresponding distributions in the field of interest. We recover angle-only shear estimates with a performance close to current well-established model and moments-based methods for all three angle measurement techniques. The Q-values for all three methods are found to be Q~400. The code is freely available online at http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/~mbrown/angle_only_shear/.

Classification of Sea Ice Types in ENVISAT Synthetic Aperture Radar Images

In this paper, sea ice in the Central Arctic has been classified in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from ENVISAT using a neural network (NN)-based algorithm and a Bayesian algorithm. Since different sea ice types can have similar backscattering coefficients at C-band HH polarization, it is necessary to use textural features in addition to the backscattering coefficients. The analysis revealed that the most informative texture features for the classification of multiyear ice (MYI), deformed first-year ice (FYI) (DFYI), and level FYI (LFYI) and open water/nilas are correlation, inertia, cluster prominence, energy, homogeneity, and entropy, as well as third and fourth central statistical moments of image brightness. The optimal topology of the NN, trained for ENVISAT wide-swath SAR sea ice classification, consists of nine neurons in input layer, six neurons in hidden layer, and three neurons in output layer. The classification results for a series of 20 SAR images, acquired in the central part of the Arctic Ocean during winter months, were compared to expert analysis of the images and ice charts. The results of the NN classification show that the average correspondences with the expert analysis amount to 85 $\%$ , 83 $\%$ , and 80 $\%$ for LFYI, DFYI, and MYI, respectively. The Bayesian pixel-based method can provide a higher resolution in the classified image and, therefore, better capability to identify leads compared to the NN method. Both methods may be effectively used in the Central Arctic where MYI is predominant.

MEASURING GRAVITATIONAL LENSING FLEXION IN A1689 USING AN ANALYTIC IMAGE MODEL

Measuring dark matter substructure within galaxy cluster haloes is a fundamental probe of the Lambda-CDM model of structure formation. Gravitational lensing is a technique for measuring the total mass distribution which is independent of the nature of the gravitating matter, making it a vital tool for studying these dark-matter dominated objects. We present a new method for measuring weak gravitational lensing flexions, the gradients of the lensing shear field, to measure mass distributions on small angular scales. While previously published methods for measuring flexions focus on measuring derived properties of the lensed images, such as shapelet coefficients or surface brightness moments, our method instead fits a mass-sheet-transformation-invariant Analytic Image Model (AIM) to the each galaxy image. This simple parametric model traces the distortion of lensed image isophotes and constrains the flexion fields. We test the AIM method using simulated data images with realistic noise and a variety of unlensed image properties, and show that it successfully reproduces the input flexion fields. We also apply the AIM method for flexion measurement to Hubble Space Telescope observations of Abell 1689, and detect mass structure in the cluster using flexions measured with the AIM method.

BRIGHT MOMENTS: The Life and Work of ST. CLAIR BOURNE

Research Article| November 01 2009 BRIGHT MOMENTS: The Life and Work of ST. CLAIR BOURNE Kathe Sandler Kathe Sandler Kathe Sandler is a Guggenheim Award–winning independent filmmaker whose work includes A Question of Color (executive produced by St. Clair Bourne), Remembering Thelma, The Friends, A Tale of Two Schools, Finding a Way: New Initiatives in Justice for Children, and the forthcoming When and Where We Enter: Stories of Black Feminism Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Nka (2009) 2009 (25): 144–149. https://doi.org/10.1215/10757163-2009-25-144 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Kathe Sandler; BRIGHT MOMENTS: The Life and Work of ST. CLAIR BOURNE. Nka 1 November 2009; 2009 (25): 144–149. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/10757163-2009-25-144 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsNka Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 2010 Nka: Journal of Contemporary African Art2009 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.