Product Moment Correlation Research Articles

Hubungan antara Gratitude dengan Subjective Well-being Guru Honorer Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) di Kecamatan Koto Tangah Kota Padang

This study aims to explore the connection between gratitude and subjective well-being among honorary special school teachers in Koto Tangah District, Padang City. Special education plays a crucial role in supporting the development of children with special needs, where special school teachers significantly contribute to their educational progress. Many challenges faced by honorary teachers, including an income that does not align with their workload, often lead to stress and fatigue, affecting their subjective well-being. Gratitude is one factor that may positively influence subjective well-being. The study employs a quantitative approach with a correlational design, using a sample of 50 honorary teachers selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a Likert scale and analyzed with the Pearson product-moment correlation test. The findings indicate that: a) the average level of gratitude among honorary special school teachers falls within the low category (42%), followed by moderate (40%) and high categories (18%); b) the average level of subjective well-being among honorary special school teachers is also low (62%), followed by moderate (34%) and high (4%); and c) the correlation analysis shows a Pearson coefficient of 0.740 with a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05, demonstrating a positive and significant relationship between gratitude and subjective well-being. The results suggest that a higher level of gratitude correlates with higher subjective well-being among teachers.

Relationships Among eHealth Literacy, Physical Literacy, and Physical Activity in Chinese University Students: Cross-Sectional Study.

eHealth literacy is critical for evaluating abilities in locating, accessing, and applying digital health information to enhance one's understanding, skills, and attitudes toward a healthy lifestyle. Prior research indicates that enhancing eHealth literacy can improve health behaviors such as physical activity (PA). Physical literacy (PL) refers to the ability to develop sustainable PA habits, taking into account various aspects of an individual. Notably, university students have shown a decline in PA and possess low PL levels. However, the connection between eHealth literacy and PL in this demographic has not been extensively studied, and it remains uncertain whether PA acts as a mediator between eHealth literacy and PL. This study examines the extent to which PA mediates the link between eHealth literacy and PL in Chinese university students and explores gender differences in these variables. In February 2022, a cross-sectional survey was administered to 1210 students across 3 universities in China. The instruments used were the Perceived PL Instrument, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the Chinese version of the eHealth Literacy Scale. Correlations between eHealth literacy, PA, and PL were analyzed using Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple linear regression, while mediation models helped elucidate the interactions among the 3 variables. The response rate for the study was 92.9% (1124/1210). In the mediation analysis, eHealth literacy showed a significant direct effect on PL, with a coefficient of 0.78 (β .75, SE 0.02; P<.001). Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) accounted for 2.16% of the total effect, suggesting that MVPA partially mediates the relationship between eHealth literacy and PL. Additionally, male students outperformed female students in terms of MVPA (t636=4.94; P<.001) and PL (t636=3.18; P<.001), but no significant differences were found in eHealth literacy (t636=1.23; P=.22). The findings indicate that MVPA serves as a mediator in the link between eHealth literacy and PL among university students. Students with low eHealth literacy or limited PA are less likely to be physically literate. Thus, eHealth literacy plays a crucial role in enhancing PL and PA, especially when interventions targeting PL are implemented. Our results also suggest a need for targeted health education interventions aimed at improving MVPA and PL among female students, while also recognizing that eHealth literacy is comparable across genders at universities.

Evaluation Of The Influence Of Reframing On Intermittentexplosive Disorder Among Female Inmates’ Violence Towards Male Partner In Selected Women Prisons, Kenya

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of cognitive restructuring strategies on intermittent explosive disorder among female inmates’ violence towards male partners in selected women prisons in Kenya. The study helped to evaluate the influence of reframing on intermittent explosive disorder. The study was anchored on Social cognitive theory by Albert Bandura and self-evaluation maintenance theory by Abraham Tesser. The study used an Ex Post Facto research design. The study was carried out at Langata and Thika Women Prisons. Quantitative data was obtained from the sampled inmates using questionnaires; while qualitative data was collected using interview guides from the prison key informants. The study incorporated 8 constables, 4 counsellors, 3 chaplains as key informants. Stratified and proportionate simple random sampling was used to select a sample size of 307 inmates. Quantitative data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential tests. Hypotheses were tested at p=.05 using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically according to the study objectives. The findings showed there was a statistically nonsignificant positive relationship between reframing and intermittent explosive disorder as, [r (257) = .051, p = .417]. Increase in intensity of frame shift, target thoughts and evidence of thoughts led to increased traits of intermittent explosive disorder. Based on these findings, the study recommends that prison management through the ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government, enhance provision of counselling programmes mbased on cognitive restructuring techniques in the prisons. Reframing as a technique would provide solutions on the past painful memories of the inmates; optimistically avoid violence and keep away from crime

The Influence of Learning Styles on the Learning Outcomes of IPS Students Semester II of PGSD Uhkbpnp Study Program

This study aims to determine the effect of learning styles on the learning outcomes of students of the second semester of the Elementary School Teacher Education Study Program, UHKBPNP. This study is a quantitative study that is correlational in nature, which involves a variable that is related between one variable and another. Location of the study This research will be conducted at HKBP Nommensen University, PEmatangsiantar on students of the second semester of the Elementary School Teacher Education Study Program. The data collection technique used is the Learning Style Questionnaire and Documentation. The data analysis technique uses statistical data with the product moment correlation formula, namely the correlation test used to determine the degree of closeness of the relationship between 2 variables with interval and ratio scales. In testing this prerequisite test, IBM SPSS is used. The results of the calculation of the analysis of variance on the differences in social studies learning outcomes between students who have a visual learning style and an auditory learning style with an average = 76.28 and = 70.35. Based on F h = 64.80 and the table value for a= 0.05 with dk (1) it is obtained F t = 3.97 so that it can be stated that F h (64.80) &gt; F t (3.97). Thus the research findings conclude the research hypothesis which states: the learning outcomes of social studies students who have a visual learning style are higher than the learning outcomes of students who have an auditory learning style at a confidence level a= 0.05 has been proven to be true.

Impact of Salary and Recognition on Job Performance: A study of Nangarhar University Lecturers, Afghanistan

Organizations seek to gain a competitive advantage by applying different strategies in today’s competitive environment. Due to intense competitive pressure, organizations attempt to gain a competitive advantage using employee skills, abilities, and expertise. Organizations offer different kinds of incentives, like salary and recognition, to ensure proper utilization and increase employee performance. Satisfied employees become more dedicated, committed, and loyal to organizations than other employees without a proper incentive system. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of salary and recognition on the job performance of university lecturers at Nangarhar University, Afghanistan. The questionnaire method was adopted to collect data using Likert scales ranging from 1 to 5. Data were collected from 210 respondents and analyzed using SPSS version 27. The Pearson product-moment correlation was applied to determine the impact of salary and recognition on job performance. The result of the study showed that there is a significant correlation between salary and employee performance. In addition, it was also found that there was a significant correlation between recognition and employee performance.

Long-axial field-of-view PET/CT improves radiomics feature reliability.

To assess the influence of long-axial field-of-view (LAFOV) PET/CT systems on radiomics feature reliability, to assess the suitability for short-duration or low-activity acquisitions for textural feature analysis and to investigate the influence of acceptance angle. 34 patients were analysed: twelve patients underwent oncological 2-[18F]-FDG PET/CT, fourteen [18F]PSMA-1007 and eight [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC. Data were obtained using a 106cm LAFOV system for 10min. Sinograms were generated from list-mode data corresponding to scan durations of 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 120, 240, 360 and 600s using both standard (minimum ring difference MRD 85 crystals) and maximum acceptance angles (MRD 322). Target lesions were segmented and radiomics features were calculated. To assess feature correlation, Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC) was calculated with respect to the full duration acquisition for MRD 85 and 322 respectively. The number of features with excellent (r > 0.9), moderate (r > 0.7 and < 0.9) and poor (r ≤ 0.7) correlation was compared as a measure of feature stability. Intra-class heterogeneity was assessed by means of the quartile coefficient of dispersion. As expected, PPMCC improved with acquisition time for all features. By 240s almost all features showed at least moderate agreement with the full count (C100%) data, and by 360s almost all showed excellent agreement. Compared to standard-axial field of view (SAFOV) equivalent scans, fewer features showed moderate or poor agreement, and this was most pronounced for [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC. Data obtained at C100% at MRD 322 were better able to capture between-patient heterogeneities. The improved feature reliability at longer acquisition times and higher MRD demonstrate the advantages of high sensitivity LAFOV systems for reproducible and low-noise data. High fidelity between MRD 85 and MRD 322 was seen at all scan durations > 2s. When contrasted with data comparable to a simulated SAFOV acquisition, full-count and full-MRD data were better able to capture underlying feature heterogeneities.

Learners’ Conduct and Educational Achievement

Learners’ conduct may be taken from several factors which may be the cause for their educational achievement. This study aimed to determine the level of learners’ conduct and educational achievement. This also determined the relationship between the learners’ conduct and educational achievement. The respondents of this study were the teachers (n=105) from the selected schools in the Division of Cagayan de Oro City. This study used descriptive correlational research design with documentary analysis and utilized an adapted and modified survey questionnaire as its instrument to gather the data from respondents. Statistical tools like frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient were used to find out the relationships between the variables. Results showed that the learners’ conduct was at moderate level on which family has the highest mean score while teacher has the lowest mean score. Learners’ educational achievement was at a satisfactory level. Learners’ conduct was negatively correlated with educational achievement. Though negatively correlated but it can be concluded that family plays an important role in molding learners’ conduct. Thus, the school may hold parenting seminars to remind parents of the importance of family in developing the learners’ conduct. If learners have desirable conduct, they would have good study habits that would improve their educational achievement.

Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Gang Participation Among Youth in Mombasa County, Kenya: From the Perspective of Household Challenges

Purpose: Gang participation has become a universal phenomenon attracting increasing attention in both developed and developing countries. Previous research denotes strong evidence that early life adverse traumas and events heighten the risk of delinquent behaviour among young people. This study aimed to find out whether there is a relationship between household challenges and gang participation among youth gang members in Mombasa County. This study was guided by the Interactional Theory by Terrence Thornberry (1987). Methods: This study employed a correlational research design within the context of Ex-post facto research. The study population consisted of alleged, convicted, and reforming gang members in Mombasa. They were drawn from a database accessed by the Nyali District Peace Committee (DPC) which has 358 members aged between 15-31 years. Purposive, and snowball sampling techniques were used to gather data from the sample. Descriptive statistics namely, frequencies, percentages, and measures of central tendency were used. Inferential statistics namely the Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient, linear, and regression was then employed to establish the relationship between household challenges and gang participation. Results: The findings revealed a strong positive correlation between gang participation and household challenges (r = 0.876, p &lt; 0.01). Implication: The findings of this study will guide the formulation of programs and interventions for the rehabilitation and reintegration of these gang members. These can be of help to Civil Society Organizations, law enforcement agencies, and probation officers.

The Influence of Political Culture on Youth Officials’ Leadership Styles and Civic Engagement

Recognizing the underlying cultural factors that influence political attitudes can aid in resolving conflicts and promoting social cohesion. This study explored the influence political culture on Youth Officials’ leadership styles and civic engagement. The study was conducted in one of the universities in Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental. The descriptive-correlational design was used in the study. There were 135 students who served as the respondents selected through a purposive sampling technique. The researcher-made Youth Officials Political Culture, Youth Officials’ Leadership Styles, and Youth Officials’ Civic Engagement Questionnaires were used as research instruments. Weighted Mean and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient were used as statistical tools to analyze the data gathered. Results revealed that the youth officials perceived political culture in their respective barangays was very highly participant. The youth officials’ leadership style was democratic, while their civic engagement was to a very great extent. The perceived political culture generally influenced the respondents’ leadership styles and civic engagement. Political culture holds a major factor on how the youth officials lead their constituents and engage themselves in civic activities. It is recommended that youth officials sustain their democratic practices in governance to encourage citizens to participate freely in collective political action and influence decision-making processes.

Parents’ Participation and Learners’ Educational Achievement

Parents’ participation plays a great role in a child’s learning development. This study sought to determine the relationship between the parents’ participation and learners’ educational achievement. It also identified which independent variable/s singly or in combination influenced the educational achievement of learners. This study used descriptive-correlational and causal design with content analysis. It utilized an adapted and modified questionnaire which was validity and reliability tested. Mean, Standard Deviation, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Linear Regression as the statistical tools. The study's respondents were the Grades 4,5 and 6 pupils from Naawan Elementary School, Naawan District of Misamis Oriental Division, who were elected though simple random sampling using Slovin’s Formula. Results reveal that parents are highly involved in all six dimensions namely, parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decision making and collaborating with community. Parenting as the highest and volunteering as the lowest. Pupils have the Very Satisfactory rating. Parents’ participation has low positive correlation between the pupils’ educational achievement while parenting and decision-making influence the pupils’ educational achievement. Thus, parents may continue to be involved in their children’s education and teachers may sustain parental participation by providing accessible avenues for parents to engage in their children’s academic journey

Mobile Banking: Drives Changes in The Consumptive Behavior of Generation Z in Batu Ampar Kramat Jati

AbstractThe rapid development of technology has led to various changes in the banking industry, including the rise of electronic payments such as mobile banking. This study aims to understand the impact of mobile banking on the consumption behavior of Generation Z in the Batu Ampar area of Kramat Jati. The study collected quantitative data through questionnaires distributed to 100 respondents with sampling techniques, namely non-probability sampling in the form of purposive sampling. The data was then analyzed using the SPSS 25 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) application. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between mobile banking and consumptive behavior. The regression test revealed that for every 1% increase in mobile banking usage, the value of consumption behavior increases by 1.471. Through the Product Moment Correlation Analysis, it is known that R count 0.05 ≥ 0.000 means that there is a significant relationship between Mobile Banking (X) and Consumptive Behavior (Y). In the F test, it is obtained that F count is 36.417&gt; F table, namely 3.94, which can be seen that variable X (Mobile Banking) has an effect on variable Y (Consumptive Behavior) which means Hα is accepted and H0 is rejected by having an influence value of 27.1% of the consumption behavior can be attributed to mobile banking, while the remaining 72.9% is influenced by other factors not considered in this study. Overall, these findings highlight the influence of mobile banking on the consumption behavior of Generation Z.

Family Support for Student Wellbeing of Migrant Students at Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar

study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between family support and the welfare of migrant students. Knowing the level of student well being, and knowing the effective contribution of family social support to student well-being. The research subjects were 115 overseas students at Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar. The method uses a quantitative approach. The data analysis technique used in this study is the Product Moment correlation of the person. Based on the results of data analysis, the correlation coefficient was obtained as ???????????? = 0.723 with sig. = 0.000; p &lt; 0.001, so that the proposed hypothesis is accepted, it can be said that there is a very significant positive relationship between family social support and student well-being. The effective contribution of family support to student well-being is 63.5% and the remaining 36.5% is influenced by other variables. The level of student well being of overseas students is included in the high category with an empirical mean of 69.20 and a hypothetical mean of 57.5. Family support is included in the high category with an empirical mean of 79.25 and a hypothetical mean family support scale of 62.5

The Effect of Tourist Attractions on the Progress of the Sipinsur Geosite Tourism Object in Pearung Tourism Village, Humbang Hasundutan Regency in 2024

This study aims to determine the positive and significant influence of tourist attractions (x) on the progress of tourist attractions (y) Geosite Sipinsur in Pearung Tourism Village, Humbang Hasundutan Regency in 2024. This research uses a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to 96 respondents by accidential sampling. To determine the answer score on the questionnaire which will be tested for validity and reliability using a Likert scale. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson Product Moment correlation, determination coefficient test and simple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of descriptive statistical analysis, the influence of tourist attractions on the progress of tourist attractions is in a good category, with an average of 4.5449 at the interval of the category very advanced. The test results of the correlation coefficient (r) = 0.586 with a sufficient category and compared with r table = 0.200, where r count&gt; r table (0.586&gt; 0.200) it can be said to be significant and the hypothesis is accepted.

Validity and reliability of the physical fitness test instrument for retired martial art athletes

Background and Study Aim. Developing exercise programs to maintain the fitness and health of retired athletes is crucial as a preventive measure against common health problems in this population. Equally important is the creation of an exercise evaluation tool to assess the effectiveness of these programs. This study aims to test the validity and reliability of a physical fitness test instrument for retired martial arts athletes. Material and Methods. This study used an evaluation approach with data collected through tests and measurements. A total of 147 subjects participated. For validity testing, there were 35 retired male martial arts athletes and 37 retired female athletes. For reliability testing, there were 36 retired male and 39 retired female martial arts athletes. The instruments used included body mass index (BMI) measurements with digital scales, flexibility measurements with the sit-and-reach test, muscle strength measurements with a leg and back dynamometer, and cardiovascular endurance measurements with the Cooper test. Validity was assessed using a concurrent validity approach. Reliability was tested using the test-retest method. The Pearson product-moment correlation was used for validity analysis, while Cronbach's alpha was used to assess reliability. The JASP software was used for the analysis. Results. For male athletes, the r-values for each test item exceeded the r-table value of 0.275, confirming the validity of the body mass index (BMI), sit-and-reach test, leg and back dynamometers, and the Cooper test. Similarly, female athletes demonstrated r-values above the r-table value of 0.267, confirming the validity of all test items. The reliability of each item was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha values, which were above the 0.7 threshold for both male and female athletes. The Cronbach's alpha value for BMI was 0.998 for both male and female athletes, indicating excellent reliability. Other test items, such as flexibility and muscle strength, also showed strong reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.742 to 0.985. Conclusions. The study highlights the importance of developing valid and reliable instruments to assess the physical fitness of retired martial arts athletes. Such instruments are essential for monitoring the effectiveness of training programs aimed at maintaining the health and fitness of retired athletes. The findings of this research confirm the value of structured fitness tests. These tests effectively evaluate key physical components such as body composition, flexibility, muscle strength, and cardiovascular endurance.

Functional status is associated with mean right atrial pressure derived from cardiac MRI

Abstract Background Right atrial pressure (RAP) is a key metric in haemodynamic assessment. Elevated RAP is associated with poor prognosis in heart failure and pulmonary hypertension and physiologically with fluid overload. RAP can be measured invasively or non-invasively, but Cardiac MRI (CMR) currently cannot estimate RAP. Purpose To develop a model to estimate RAP from CMR from paired right heart catheter (RHC) and CMR assessments. Assess correlation to WHO functional status prior to prospective clinical validation studies. Methods Patients were recruited to a registry of those referred for assessment of dyspnoea between 2012 and 2020. Inclusion criteria were age &amp;gt;18 years, signs and symptoms of heart failure and adequate CMR image quality. Patients diagnosed with pulmonary arterial hypertension were excluded. RHC and CMR were performed on the same day. CMR 2- and 4- chamber cines were used to measure chamber dimensions, strain, ejection fraction and stroke volume with operator reviewed AI contours in MASS research software. Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient (r ) was used to assess relationships between CMR metrics and invasive mRAP. Variables were then included in stepwise multiple linear regression models to predict mRAP. These were compared with receiver-operator curve analysis and DeLong’s test. Kruskal-Wallis test compared median mRAP between WHO functional class groups. Results The cohort of 672 patients was divided based upon invasive mRAP ≤ 8mmHg (44%) and mRAP &amp;gt; 8mmHg (56%). Higher mRAP was associated with increased age, male sex and a higher diastolic blood pressure but there was no difference in rates of heart failure types although the majority had preserved ejection fraction (51% vs 52%) with few having reduced ejection fraction (4.1% vs 8%). Right atrial (RA) dimensions, strain and ejection fraction had the strongest correlation with mRAP with moderate correlation to right ventricular (RV) measurements. Multivariable models contained simple RA dimensions (model 1), RA dimensions and strain (model 2), RA and RV dimensions (model 3) and RA end systolic volume corrected for body mass index and sex (model 4). All models had similar predictive capability (Figure 1 Panel A). RA end systolic volume was isolated in model 1 as the only variable required for mRAP prediction (coefficient = 0.06, p &amp;lt; 0.001). Using a threshold of mRAP &amp;gt;8mmHg ROC analysis demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.78 (95% Confidence interval 0.75 to 0.81) (Figure 1 Panel B). Worse WHO functional Class at time of assessment was significantly associated with increased CMR derived mRAP (P&amp;lt;0.001) (Figure 2). Conclusions mRAP can be estimated with moderate confidence from CMR RA end systolic volume. Limited available clinical data suggest functional status may be predicted by CMR derived mRAP. Further studies on wider populations are required to validate this model externally, refine it and determine its prognostic clinical significance.

Effectiveness of Abstract – Visual – Concrete Approach in Enhancing Students’ Level of Conceptual Understanding and Mathematical Self-Efficacy

This study was designed to transform mathematics instruction into a more engaging and practical learning experience, emphasizing real-world applications. The primary objective was to enhance conceptual understanding and mathematical self-efficacy among Grade 11 senior high school students in Statistics and Probability during the 2021-2022 academic year's second quarter. The findings demonstrated that mathematical self-efficacy positively correlates with conceptual understanding, with high-efficacy students showing greater confidence and positive attitudes toward mathematics. The Abstract-Visual Representation-Concrete (A-V-C) instructional approach proved effective in teaching Pearson product moment correlation and regression analysis. This method progresses from abstract concepts through behavioral modeling to exploratory concrete experiences, enabling students to develop comprehensive understanding through structured, hands-on learning.

Community-Based Tourism Implementation as Mediator on the Relationship between Community Participation and Socio-Economic Sustainability of Tourism

This study explored the mediating effect of community-based tourism implementation on the relationship between community participation and the socio-economic sustainability of tourism in Marilog District. This study employed a quantitative method and stratified random sampling to select the 380 respondents. The survey was distributed to two areas in Marilog District: Barangay Baganihan and Barangay Datu Salumay. The data was evaluated to ascertain whether the variables had a statistical relationship. This study used non-experimental quantitative research, the descriptive-correlation approach, and mediation analysis. The weighted mean, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis, and path analysis were used to analyze the data. The result revealed that the respondents have high levels of community participation, socio-economic sustainability, and community-based tourism implementation. The relationship between community participation and socio-economic sustainability, community participation and community-based tourism implementation, and socio-economic sustainability and community-based tourism implementation were statistically significant. However, the indirect effect of community participation in socio-economic sustainability through community-based tourism implementation is insignificant and statistically supported by this study, indicating no significant mediation. The study findings’ implications are presented.

The Relationship Between Peer Groups and the Learning Independence of Biology Education Students

Purpose of the study: This research aims to determine the relationship between peer groups and the learning independence of biology education students. Methodology: This type of research is quantitative with a correlation method. The population of this study was Biology Education Students, totaling 263 people with a sample size of 132 people. Sampling was carried out using Simple Random Sampling. The data collection techniques used are the learning independence scale and the peer group scale. The data analysis technique is descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis with product moment correlation techniques. Main Findings: The research results based on descriptive statistical analysis show that independence in learning is in the low category with an average value of 88.56 and the peer group is in the medium category with an average value of 87. Meanwhile, the results of inferential statistical analysis show that rcount is greater than rtable or 0.27 ≥ 0.24, H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, meaning that there is a relationship between the peer group and the learning independence of students. Where is the sig value. 2-tailed is 0.00 ≤ 0.05. Novelty/Originality of this study: This research contributes to explaining the social aspects of independent learning that are often overlooked in previous literature. While much research has explored internal factors that influence learning independence, the emphasis on the role of peer groups as external agents influencing students' motivation, mindset, and learning styles, is an innovative focus point. This enriches our insight into how social interaction with fellow students can have a significant influence on the level of learning independence of Biology Education students.

Hubungan Pola Makan dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Remaja Putri di SMK Batik 2 Surakarta

This study aims to determine the relationship between diet and the incidence of anemia in young women at SMK Batik 2 Surakarta. This research uses the Observational Analytical method with a Cross-Sectional approach. The sample consisted of 9 classes selected using the Proportional Random Sampling technique with inclusion criteria, namely young women who were not menstruating and not on a diet, with a total of 60 respondents. Dietary pattern data was obtained through interviews using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) form for the past month, then dietary patterns were determined based on food consumption scores. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels in adolescent girls were measured using the Cyanmethemoglobin method with the help of health workers. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test and the relationship between variables was tested using the Pearson Product Moment correlation test. The results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between diet and the incidence of anemia in young women at SMK Batik 2 Surakarta. Apart from that, this research also found that teenage girls with poor diets had a 0.004 times greater chance of experiencing anemia compared to teenage girls who had good diets.

Hubungan Kecanduan Game Online dengan Keterampilan Sosial Siswa

This research is motivated by the low social skills of students caused by online game addiction. Ideally, the lower the addiction to online games in students who use online games, the higher the social skills. However, it can still be found that students experience online game addiction, which affects their social skills in interacting with others. This study aims to determine the relationship between online game addiction and the social skills of students who use online games. This research uses quantitative methods with correlational research types. The sample in this study was 65 students selected using purposive sampling technique. The data were processed using descriptive analysis techniques and Pearson product moment correlation analysis. The results showed that students' online game addiction was in the high category with a percentage (38.5%), the social skills of online game users were in the low category with a percentage (35.4%) and there was a significant and negative relationship between online game addiction and social skills in online game users with a correlation value of r count of -0.348 with a significance level of &lt;0.04 at a weak level of relationship.