Moment Of Disclosure Research Articles

Rethinking rapes: men’s sex lives and feminist critiques

ABSTRACT The last quarter of the twentieth century saw significant innovations in theorisation and politicisation of sexual violence. This article examines the impact of feminist work on rape and male sexuality in Britain, witnessed through the ‘sex lives’ of male supporters of the women’s movement. I draw on oral histories, life writing and anti-sexist men’s magazines to investigate moments of disclosure and re-evaluation of men’s sexual encounters. The article investigates how men interpreted and acted on feminist ideas, noting their strategies of defensive intellectualism, laddishness and experiments with queering gender and sexuality. I argue that men found it hard to reconfigure their personal ‘sex lives’ and develop activist resources that would challenge gender-based violence, particularly in the context of rape becoming a key feminist concept. Nonetheless, men’s sexual experiences were shared with other men as a site of social and political scrutiny, offering historical insight into very intimate realms that are usually absent from historical archives.

Encountering our own whiteness: An autoethnographic conversation on the experience of putting together a journal issue around mission, race and colonialism

ABSTRACT This article emerged out of a debrief as a result of putting together a journal issue on race, mission, and colonialism. We found this to be a challenging, confronting, and learning experience where we encountered our whiteness, sometimes in unexpected ways. We were able to uncover this by a series of conversations during which we discovered new and troubling insights about the process which had made us deeply uncomfortable. The autoethnographic conversations really did provide a place for moments of disclosure or epiphanic moments as we began to unpick and analyse our own reactions, responses, and unease. These began to provide insights around systemic racism, structures of whiteness, tools of whiteness, our own white fragility and complicity. Drawing on scholars such as Willie James Jennings, bell hooks, John Hull, and Anthony Reddie helped us to deepen our reflection and begin to understand how we are enmeshed in a system of whiteness for which we have to take responsibility. Jennings’ metaphor of mastery was particularly helpful and revealing as we found ourselves so often pushed in this direction. This personal story of putting together a journal became a larger canvas for us to reflect more widely on systemic injustice of which we are all a part and how we can become stuck in it. We learned that we need to own this and to be more intentional in our efforts to dismantle whiteness.

CAREGIVERS’ EXPERIENCES IN CARING FOR HIV POSITIVE CHILDREN: A QUALITATIVE STUDY AT A COMPREHENSIVE CARE CENTRE IN KENYA

Purpose: Caring for HIV positive children poses various challenges and uncertainties depending on the disclosure of their status. To explore the caregivers’ experiences in caring for HIV positive children before, during and after disclosure of their HIV positive status.
 Methodology: A qualitative study was conducted a Comprehensive Care Centre in a national referral Hospital in Kenya. The study population included parents/guardians of HIV positive children with complete disclosure of their HIV status. Data was collected through in-depth interviews. The socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents were analysed using descriptive statistics. The qualitative data is analysed by use of content analysis and presented in themes and narratives.
 Results: The results revealed that caring for these children was more challenging before disclosure than after disclosure. The main challenge was in responding to the children’s questions in regards to their health status. The questions asked by the children before disclosures include the reason for treatment, clinic follow up and when treatment will stop among others. The study further established that the parents/guardians expressed diverse fears of how the children might react during disclosure; however, the children mostly did not display the feared reactions at the moment of disclosure. Finally, the findings of this study established that care after disclosure becomes easier and that the children become more engaged in their own care.
 Conclusion: The study found that caring for HIV positive children is less challenging after disclosure of their HIV status. Further, fears by caregivers are unfounded and there are minimal negative reactions by the children upon disclosure. In order to become actively engaged in their own care, children as early as 11 years old need to be informed about their positive HIV status.
 Unique contribution to practice, theory and policy: The healthcare providers should ensure early preparation of the caregivers for disclosure to the children of their HIV status. Further, community members and school teachers need to be educated about the beneficial effects of disclosure of an HIV diagnosis to a child or adolescent. Research is needed on the development and implementation of caregiver support groups similar to that of children living with HIV.
 Purpose: Caring for HIV positive children poses various challenges and uncertainties depending on the disclosure of their status. To explore the caregivers’ experiences in caring for HIV positive children before, during and after disclosure of their HIV positive status.
 Methodology: A qualitative study was conducted a Comprehensive Care Centre in a national referral Hospital in Kenya. The study population included parents/guardians of HIV positive children with complete disclosure of their HIV status. Data was collected through in-depth interviews. The socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents were analysed using descriptive statistics. The qualitative data is analysed by use of content analysis and presented in themes and narratives.
 Results: The results revealed that caring for these children was more challenging before disclosure than after disclosure. The main challenge was in responding to the children’s questions in regards to their health status. The questions asked by the children before disclosures include the reason for treatment, clinic follow up and when treatment will stop among others. The study further established that the parents/guardians expressed diverse fears of how the children might react during disclosure; however, the children mostly did not display the feared reactions at the moment of disclosure. Finally, the findings of this study established that care after disclosure becomes easier and that the children become more engaged in their own care.
 Conclusion: The study found that caring for HIV positive children is less challenging after disclosure of their HIV status. Further, fears by caregivers are unfounded and there are minimal negative reactions by the children upon disclosure. In order to become actively engaged in their own care, children as early as 11 years old need to be informed about their positive HIV status.
 Unique contribution to practice, theory and policy: The healthcare providers should ensure early preparation of the caregivers for disclosure to the children of their HIV status. Further, community members and school teachers need to be educated about the beneficial effects of disclosure of an HIV diagnosis to a child or adolescent. Research is needed on the development and implementation of caregiver support groups similar to that of children living with HIV.

Biblical Theology

Biblical Theology Fred W. Guyette, Christopher T. Begg, Thomas Hieke, Brent A. Strawn, and Atilla Bodor 875. [God Acting in History; Sinai] Craig G. Bartholomew, The God Who Acts in History: The Significance of Sinai (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2020). Pp. xxii + 265. $45. ISBN 978-0-8028-7467-2. In the Bible and in our liturgies we encounter claims that God is Creator and Ruler of the universe, and that God has acted in certain historical events in a decisive way. God's purpose in doing these things is to invite us into a relationship with him. On the basis of these actions, God wants us to join in the missio Dei. George E. Wright's book God Who Acts (1952) is one important landmark in the discussion. James Barr has probed and questioned these claims, however, and raised serious doubts about whether the miracles recounted in Exodus, particularly on Mt. Sinai, really happened. A similar argument is made by John Van Seters, "The Plagues of Egypt: Ancient Tradition or Literary Invention?" ZAW 98 (1986) 31-39. Benjamin Sommer examines both minimalist and maximalist approaches to the question of whether God speaks and acts in history in his Revelation and Authority: Sinai in Jewish Scripture and Tradition (2015). Maimonides (1138–1204) had his own pious and mystical reasons for believing that God did not "speak" at Sinai. B. Spinoza (1632–1677) read the Bible closely, and found that many of its rational ideas about law that had to be communicated by means of "events" that were imagined rather than historical. Kant, too, valued the Ten Commandments because they make us better human beings, but he doubted the historicity of the signs and wonders in Exodus. According to Michael Wyschogrod's book The Body of Faith: God in the People Israel, however, Scripture shows us a God who is a real character in a historically grounded narrative, with real emotions (anger, sorrow, great love), who engages in historical actions. B. gives special attention to the implications of Exodus 19–24, in which God enters into a covenant with Moses and Israel. Here, B. finds good reasons for concluding that God has spoken to us and that God does act in human history.—F.W.G. [End Page 315] 876. [God; Revelation] Richard Bauckham, Who Is God? Key Moments of Biblical Revelation (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2020). Pp. 120. $21.99. ISBN 97-1-5409-6190-7. This small volume originated as a lecture series delivered by B., a senior British NT scholar, in 2015 in Addis Ababa and in 2018 in Nova Scotia. In the introduction to the volume, B. gives (pp. 2-3) this account of the approach, content, and aim of his work: "The key moments of divine disclosure we shall reflect on in the book … are Jacob's dream at Bethel (Gen 28:10-22); the revelation to Moses at the burning bush (Exodus 3); the revelation to Moses on Mount Sinai (Exod 33:17–34:8); and the three key moments of revelation in the Gospel of Mark (1:9-11; 9:2-8; 15:37-39). In all these cases, our exploration of biblical theology will range more widely than these moments of disclosure themselves, but they will be our guiding stars by which to travel the related territory. "My approach in this book is to treat the Bible as a canonical whole. Here I do not engage in historical reconstruction behind and around the texts, though that is a task that greatly interests me and one I pursue elsewhere. Here I am interested in the texts as we have them and as belonging to the canon of Scripture—a collection of sacred writings that witness to God through the divine disclosures they contain. "I hope to show readers that the Bible's account of the identity of God is consistent both within and across the two testaments. I have no wish to discount the diversity of the various parts of Scripture, but I think that a theological interpretation of Scripture should seek the unity in the diversity. The approach is necessarily broad brush, but detailed exegesis is at its heart...

Violencia sexual en niños y adolescentes varones en el mundo: una revisión integrativa

Objetivo: recopilar, resumir y analizar la producción científica actual sobre la violencia sexual infantil (VSI) en niños y adolescentes varones en el mundo entre el 2014 y el 2019. Método: se realizó una revisión integrativa de literatura mediante una búsqueda sistemática de estudios publicados entre el 2014 y el 2019 en PubMed, LILACS e IBECS. Resultados: se identificaron 990 referencias, de las cuales se seleccionaron 31 artículos para la revisión. La mayoría se realizaron en EE. UU. (n = 18) y otros países desarrollados; solo cinco provienen de países en desarrollo (Brasil, China, India, Jamaica y Suráfrica). Dieciocho estudios usaron metodologías cuantitativas; quince, de tipo transversal. Dos trabajos abordaron menores de 16 años como su población objetivo. Respecto a los objetivos y hallazgos principales, se identificaron cuatro temas recurrentes: caracterización de la VSI, efectos en salud de la VSI (salud mental, salud sexual, comportamientos de riesgo y violencia), revelación de la VSI y análisis de intervenciones terapéuticas. Entre los hallazgos más sobresalientes se refirió que la divulgación del evento constituye un factor protector en el fortalecimiento de la resiliencia frente al abuso. Conclusiones: la VSI genera un impacto negativo en diferentes dimensiones de la salud de la víctima, que trascienden a lo largo de su vida y se profundizan en la medida en que se prolonga el momento de la revelación de los hechos. Más investigaciones son necesarias, principalmente en regiones y países en vías de desarrollo.

Sexual orientation disclosure in health care: a systematic review.

Significant health disparities between sexual minority individuals (that is, lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender [LGBT]) and heterosexual individuals have been demonstrated. To understand the barriers and facilitators to sexual orientation (SO) disclosure experienced by LGBT adults in healthcare settings. Mixed methods systematic review, including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods papers following PRISMA guidelines. Study quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and a qualitative synthesis was performed. Studies were included if their participants were aged ≥18 years who either identified as LGBT, had a same-sex sexual relationship, or were attracted to a member of the same sex. The review included 31 studies representing 2442 participants. Four overarching themes were identified as barriers or facilitators to SO disclosure: the moment of disclosure, the expected outcome of disclosure, the healthcare professional, and the environment or setting of disclosure. The most prominent themes were the perceived relevance of SO to care, the communication skills and language used by healthcare professionals, and the fear of poor treatment or reaction to disclosure. The facilitators and barriers to SO disclosure by LGBT individuals are widespread but most were modifiable and could therefore be targeted to improve healthcare professionals' awareness of their patients' SO. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the broad range of factors that influence SO disclosure and the potential disadvantageous effects of non-disclosure on care. The environment in which patients are seen should be welcoming of different SOs as well as ensuring that healthcare professionals' communication skills, both verbal and non-verbal, are accepting and inclusive.

Between transparency and surveillance

The recent wave of whistleblowers and cyber-dissidents, from Julian Assange to Edward Snowden, has declared war against surveillance. In this context, transparency is presented as an attainable political goal that can be delivered in flesh and bones by spectacular and quasi-messianic moments of disclosure. The thesis of this article is that, despite its progressive promise, the project of releasing classified documents is in line with the Orwellian cold war trope of Big Brother rather than with the complex geography of surveillance today. By indicting the US federal government as the principal agent of surveillance, the ‘logic of the leak’ obfuscates that today’s surveillance is conducted mostly by the private sector in the form of dataveillance. What should we think, then, of this new fetish of transparency? Is it a symptom of the castigation of a desire for surveillance, the wish to be constantly observed and closely inspected? I claim that the meaning of the ‘expository society’, as Bernard Harcourt calls it, depends on how we interpret secrets. For secrets are not only temporary conditions of occultation that can, and should, be indiscriminately exposed, but sites of agency. In this perspective, the emancipatory promise hangs on the right to the secret, assumed as the right not to answer and not to belong.

Effects of loss and trauma on sublime disquietude during literary reading

Two studies of literary reading described the effects of loss, trauma, and traumatic loss on moments of disclosure during expressive engagement with the text. Study 1 compared readers who had experienced recent loss, recent trauma or neither recent loss nor trauma. Study 2 extended this paradigm to include traumatic loss. Dependent variables included an index of sublime disquietude, specifically, the interactive combination of perceived discord, self-perceptual depth, and inexpressible realizations. Across both studies, (1) a combination of traumatic distress and separation distress predicted sublime disquietude; (2) dissociation (depersonalization, amnesia) predicted sublime disquietude; and (3) distress in response to loss, trauma, or traumatic loss motivated reading at the limits of expressibility. This pattern of results is described in relation to Heidegger’s (1962) characterization of how, within being-toward-death, an uncanny not-at-homeness (Unheimlichkeit) is the context within which an experiential process provides an unsettling and yet elevating disclosure of finitude.

Impact of the consensus statement and the new DSD classification system

In 2006, a task force of 50 specialists sponsored by the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE) and the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society (LWPES) devised a Consensus Statement outlining the recommendations for the management of disorders of sex development (DSDs; then referred to as 'intersex' disorders) as well as proposing a new nomenclature and DSD classification system. In the 2 years subsequent to its publication, the Statement has been widely cited and endorsed in the literature as a model for patient care. In addition, much of the scientific literature incorporates the newly proposed nomenclature and classification system as part of its own discourse. However, without a systematic analysis of the uptake of recommendations of the Statement, it is not possible to make valid conclusions regarding the uptake of the recommendations within clinical practice. Here we discuss the Consensus Statement and its impact with respect to the newly proposed nomenclature and psychosocial management according to a new study following 60 DSD centres throughout Europe. Finally, we discuss future directions for research in the management of DSD, beginning at the moment of disclosure.

Participation Cartography: The Presentation of Self in Spatio-Temporal Terms

In this paper, I focus on disclosures by one participant as enabled by a kind of artistic practice that I term “participation cartography.” By using “participation cartography” as a framework for the analysis of Running Stitch (2006), a piece by Jen Southern (U.K.) and Jen Hamilton (Canada), I demonstrate that disclosures by participants in this practice are to be seen as a form of self-mapping that positions the self in relation to a given performance space. These self-positionings present the self in spatio-temporal terms and by means of performative narratives that re-define the subject from an isolated individual into a participant within an unfolding live process.

A Dance Between the Reduction and Reflexivity: Explicating the "Phenomenological Psychological Attitude"

AbstractThis article explores the nature of "the phenomenological attitude," which is understood as the process of retaining a wonder and openness to the world while reflexively restraining pre-understandings, as it applies to psychological research. A brief history identifies key philosphical ideas outlining Husserl's formulation of the reductions and subsequent existential-hermeneutic elaborations, and how these have been applied in empirical psychological research. Then three concrete descriptions of engaging the phenomenological attitude are offered, highlighting the way the epoché of the natural sciences, the psychological phenomenological reduction and the eidetic reduction can be applied during research interviews. Reflections on the impact and value of the researcher's stance show that these reductions can be intertwined with reflexivity and that, in this process, something of a dance occurs—a tango in which the researcher twists and glides through a series of improvised steps. In a context of tension and contradictory motions, the researcher slides between striving for reductive focus and reflexive self-awareness; between bracketing pre-understandings and exploiting them as a source of insight. Caught up in the dance, researchers must wage a continuous, iterative struggle to become aware of, and then manage, pre-understandings and habitualities that inevitably linger. Persistance will reward the researcher with special, if fleeting, moments of disclosure in which the phenomenon reveals something of itself in a fresh way.

REFLECTIONS ON JANET ZUCKERMAN AND LISA HORELICK’S “THE AFFECTIVE EXPERIENCE OF THE ANALYST IN THE EXTRA-ANALYTIC MOMENT”

A review and amplification of the article by authors Horelick and Zuckerman regarding the clinical phenomena of encountering patients (analysands) outside of the physical boundaries of the consultation room. Their clinical examples and the literature used to buttress their position and in particular the open disclosure of the deeply personal reactions they experienced are examined and used as launching points for further understanding. Ferenczi, Balint, Freud and other luminaries are incorporated into the topic of extra-analytic encounter, in an attempt to further demystify this inevitable and unplanned moment of disclosure, which, much like resistance and countertransference offer more opportunity than obstacle.

The Emmaus Story: Necessity and Freedom

The Emmaus story, Luke 24:13-35, is a bifocal narrative. It pivots on two moments of disclosure and the puzzle is how they relate. The first is on the road, when Jesus interprets the Scriptures: ‘“Was it not necessary that the Christ should suffer these things and so enter his glory?’ And beginning with Moses and all the prophets, he interpreted to them in all the scriptures the things concerning himself” (v 26). The second is in Emmaus, when they recognise him in the breaking of bread, but Luke cleverly links it with the first by having the disciples immediately remember what happened on the road: “And their eyes were opened and they recognised him; and he vanished out of their sight. And they said to each other, ‘Did not our hearts bum within us while he talked to us on the road, while he opened to us the scriptures’” (v 3 If). Finally, the two climaxes of the story are brought together in the last line of the pericope, when they report back to the disciples in Jerusalem: “Then they told what had happened on the road, and how he was made known to them in the breaking of the bread” (v 35). The first moment of insight is in the perception of the necessity of Christ’s death; the second is in the repetition of the gesture of the Last Supper, Jesus’ free appropriation of that death in the breaking of bread.