Molten Antimony Trichloride Research Articles

Particular Vibration Spectrum of Antimony Trichloride Caused by Bond Fluctuation

Vibration spectra of solid and molten antimony trichloride were recorded. In the solid state, vibration frequencies in addition to those of the SbCl3 molecules with their C3, symmetry indicate bond fluctuations according to 2 SbCl3 ⇄Sb++ SbCl6 -.

Brillouin Scattering in Molten Antimony Trichloride

Abstract Brillouin spectra in molten Antimony Trichloride are investigated for the first time. Measurements are performed both in the normal and in the supercooled region. The acoustic velocity and absorption, obtained by a refined method of analysis of the experimental data, as function of frequency and temperature, show a dispersion that is characteristic of associated liquids. This acoustic anomaly is interpreted in terms of a relaxation phenomenon in which the strong intermolecular forces are involved.

ChemInform Abstract: DEPOLARIZED RAMAN SCATTERING IN NORMAL AND SUPERCOOLED ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE

Depolarized low frequency Raman spectra obtained for molten antimony trichloride are discussed. Measurement has also been performed on the supercooled liquid down to 53.2° below the melting point (tm = 73.4 °C. The experimental results indicate that the spectral contributions, in the range 2–100 cm−1 of Stokes shift from the exciting line are due to: (1) a central Lorentzian line, whose width and intensity are connected to the dynamics of the break‐up of intermolecular chlorine bridges; and (2) a solidlike contribution that furnishes an effective density of states, which corresponds to a convolution of ’’acoustical’’ and ’’optical’’ modes in a coupled linear chain structure with middle range order.

Depolarized Raman scattering in normal and supercooled antimony trichloride

Depolarized low frequency Raman spectra obtained for molten antimony trichloride are discussed. Measurement has also been performed on the supercooled liquid down to 53.2° below the melting point (tm = 73.4 °C. The experimental results indicate that the spectral contributions, in the range 2–100 cm−1 of Stokes shift from the exciting line are due to: (1) a central Lorentzian line, whose width and intensity are connected to the dynamics of the break-up of intermolecular chlorine bridges; and (2) a solidlike contribution that furnishes an effective density of states, which corresponds to a convolution of ’’acoustical’’ and ’’optical’’ modes in a coupled linear chain structure with middle range order.

Molten salt catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Selective hydrogenation of anthracene and naphthacene by tetralin in molten antimony trichloride

Molten salt catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Selective hydrogenation of anthracene and naphthacene by tetralin in molten antimony trichloride

Electron spin resonance study of the generation of stable arene radical cations in molten antimony trichloride

Pure molten antimony trichloride has been found to act as an oxidizing agent toward polycyclic arenes, producing stable solutions of radical cations. The oxidizing power of the Sb/sup 3 +//Sb/sup 0/ couple has been shown to be considerably increased or decreased by the addition, respectively, of a few mole percent of a chloride ion acceptor (AlCl/sub 3/) or donor (Me/sub 4/NCl). ESR spectra and coupling constants are reported for several arene radical cations in this medium, including those for the previously unreported acenaphthene radical cation.

Hydrogen transfer reactions of arenes in molten antimony trichloride

The reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in molten antimony trichloride at temperatures from 80 to 175/sup 0/C have been studied by in situ /sup 1/H NMR and quench and separation techniques. Decomposition takes place by a complex series of hydrogen redistribution reactions whose net effect is a disproportionation of a type not previously known to occur. The reaction of anthracene (I) was studied in detail. Some of the anthracene molecules lose aryl-bound hydrogen and are condensed into larger molecules with aryl-aryl bonds such as the asymmetric bianthracenes (IV, V, and VI) and anthraaceanthrylenes (VII and VIII). The hydrogen released by these reactions is quantitatively captured by other anthracene molecules to form hydroaromatic molecules such as the 9,10-dihydro- and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroanthracenes (II and III). The catalytic role of the solvent's Lewis acidity was demonstrated by the fact that the addition of a few mol % of a strong chloride donor reduced the reaction rates by a large factor. The reaction behavior of a group of related arenes (naphthalene, phenanthrene, chrysene, pyrene, perylene, and naphthacene) of widely varying basicity and oxidizability was also surveyed. 2 figures.

Investigation of the solubility and crystallization of card-like polyimides in antimony trichloride

The phase diagrams of solutions in molten antimony trichloride of card-like polypyromellitimides and polynaphthylimides having fluorene, phthalide and anthrone side groups have been studied. It has been found that a phase diagram with a eutectic is characteristic of the three systems: anilineflourene polypyromellitimide-SbCl 3; anilinephthalein polypyromellitimide-SbCl 3; and anilinephthalein polynaphthylimide-SbCl 3. Only a single liquidus branch, corresponding to the reduction in the melting point of SbCl 3, is observed for both the polyimides with anthrone rings. Polarized light optical observations and a study of the low angle scattering of polarized light give evidence that spherulites are formed during the phase separation of solutions of anilinefluorene polypyromellitimide and anilinephthalein polynaphthylimide in SbCl 3 and, in the case of the system anilinephthalein polypyromellitimide in SbCl 3, unordered anisotropic rods are formed.

Disproportionation of anthracene in molten antimony trichloride by simultaneous hydrogenation and scholl condensation reactions

Disproportionation of anthracene in molten antimony trichloride by simultaneous hydrogenation and scholl condensation reactions

Synthesis of a pyrrolone‐type polymer containing anthraquinone units in molten antimony trichloride

Abstract1,2,5,6‐Tetraaminoanthraquinone and 1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride react in molten antimony trichloride to give a soluble polypyrrolone structure with an inherent viscosity of 0.4–0.7. Polymers having the viscosity of 0.7 can be wetspun into fibers from molten antimony trichloride or from methanesulfonic acid; also the polymer can be reduced with sodium dithionite in alkaline aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide to give a viscous solution which can be spun into brittle fibers.

Antimony halides as solvents. Part IX. The dimerisation of trans-stilbene in molten antimony trichloride

trans-Stilbene forms a mixture of three cyclic dimers in molten antimony trichloride. One of these has an indane structure, and the other two are isomeric tetralin derivatives. The conformations of these products, and of two further isomers of the indane dimer prepared by other methods, have been assigned from their 100 or 220 MHz n.m.r. spectra. A fourth indane ‘isomer’, reported by previous workers, is actually a tetraphenylbutane.

Molten antimony trichloride as a solvent for electrochemical studies. II. Electrochemical oxidation of some amines. Application to the pHCl measurement

Molten antimony trichloride as a solvent for electrochemical studies. II. Electrochemical oxidation of some amines. Application to the pHCl measurement

Molten antimony trichloride as a solvent for electrochemical studies. I. Electrochemical oxidation of some polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons

Molten antimony trichloride as a solvent for electrochemical studies. I. Electrochemical oxidation of some polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons

Antimony halides as solvents. Part VII. Magnetic susceptibility measurements on perylene radical-cations

The oxidation of perylene in molten antimony trichloride has been studied by the Gouy method. Radical-cation formation is complete at low concentrations, but dimerisation, polymerisation, or formation of a chloroantimonate complex occurs at higher concentrations (the nature of the reaction depends on the oxidant). Perylene is only partially oxidised in the solid 1 : 1 complex with antimony pentachloride.