Glands Of Moll Research Articles

２度の生検で悪性腫ようが疑われた臼後腺由来多形性腺腫の１例

We report a case of pleomorphic adenoma in the retromolar region. The lesion was initiallydiagnosed as a malignant neoplasm on the basis of clinical features and biopsy findings.The patient was a 70-year-old man whose chief complaint was swelling of the left retromolar region.Examination at presentation revealed a tumor measuring 25×15mm accompanied by an ulcer.The lesion was identified as squamous cell carcinoma on examination of a biopsy specimen at another hospital. However, a biopsy done before surgery revealed mucoepidermoid carcinoma.With the patient under general anesthesia, the tumor was resected with the submaxillary lymph nodes.The final histopathological diagnosis was pleomorphic adenoma.The tumor apparently originated from the molar glands.

Acetylcholinesterase-positive and paraformaldehyde-induced-fluorescence-positive innervation in the upper eyelid of the sheep (Ovis aries).

This is the first study which describes the innervation of some eyelid structures, such as the glands of Moll and the glands of Zeiss. It is also the first to investigate the innervation pattern of the eyelid as a whole. We have studied the acetylcholinesterase-positive and paraformaldehyde-induced-fluorescence-positive (FIF+) innervation pattern of the different structures that constitute the upper eyelid of the sheep. There is widespread acetylcholinesterase-positive innervation in the epithelium, but not such an abundant FIF+ innervation. Both types of innervation are represented in the connective tissue by trunks or fibers that are distributed towards the different structures immersed within them. In the glands of Zeiss, cholinesterase-positive innervation is much more widespread than FIF innervation. On the contrary, the glands of Moll present denser FIF+ innervation than acetylcholinesterase-positive innervation. The Meibomian glands and the lachrymal glands show a rich acetylcholinesterase-positive and FIF+ innervation. Eyelid muscle innervation is mainly acetylcholinesterase-positive. In the conjunctive membrane there is no acetylcholinesterase-positive innervation, and only scarce FIF+ fibers can be demonstrated.

Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) Innervation of the Human Eyelid Glands

This study was conducted to obtain morphological proof of innervating nerve fibres in the glands of the human eyelid (accessory lacrimal glands of Wolfring, meibomian glands, goblet cells, glands of Zeis, glands of Moll, sweat glands, glands of lanugo hair follicles) and identification of the secretomotorically active neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) as a common transmitter. Epoxy-embedded ultrathin sections of tissue samples from human eyelids were studied using electron microscopy. Paraffin sections fixed in Bouin–Hollande solution were immunostained with rabbit antiserum against VIP. With the electron microscope we were able to identify nerves in the glandular stroma of all the glands examined with the exception of goblet cells. Intraepithelial single axons were only seen in the parenchyma of Wolfring glands. The morphological findings corresponded with the immunological finding of VIP-positive, nerve-like structures in the same locations, with the exception of lanugo hair follicle glands, and goblet cells. Our findings indicate that the glands of the eyelids and main lacrimal gland represent a functional unit with VIP as a possible common stimulating factor.

Spectrum of GCDFP-15 expression in human fetal and adult normal tissues.

GCDFP-15, a glycoprotein identified in the cyst fluid of cystic breast disease, is considered to be a marker of apocrine differentiation. Studies on GCDFP-15 localization in adult normal tissues are lacking, and no information on GCDFP-15 expression during fetal development has been reported. We investigated GCDFP-15 expression in a large series of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded normal human adult and fetal tissues using the monoclonal antibody BRST-2. In normal adult tissues GCDFP-15 expression was found in all apocrine, lacrimal, ceruminous and Moll's glands and in numerous serous cells of the submandibular, sublingual and minor salivary glands. The serous cells of nasal and bronchial glands were also positive; parotid and laryngeal glands showed rare immunoreactive cells. GCDFP-15-positive cells were observed in all cutaneous eccrine glands from different body sites. In fetal tissues immunoreactivity was observed in numerous acinous cells of all tracheal, bronchial and submandibular salivary glands. GCDFP-15 positivity was identified in numerous cells of all axillary sweat glands and in rare cells of some sweat glands of the thorax, abdomen, back, leg and arm. In both apocrine and nonapocrine glands GCDFP-15 was always localized in the secretory component. These data suggest that GCDFP-15 is a glandular differentiation marker associated with apocrine secretion; that it is expressed in glands that have phylogenetic origins in common with apocrine glands (submandibular salivary and submucosal bronchial glands); and that eccrine cutaneous glands express GCDFP-15 and thus might be referred to as mixed apocrine-eccrine glands. GCDFP-15 is expressed during fetal development and may represent a common marker of embryologically linked glandular structures.

Autonomic and sensory innervation of cat molar gland and blood vessels in the lower lip, gingiva and cheek

Innervation of the molar gland and blood vessels in the lower lip, gingiva and cheek mucous membrane was investigated in the cat with the aid of whole mount acetylthiocholinesterase (WATChE) histochemistry and retrograde neuronal tracing methods with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and HRP-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-HRP). The molar gland was found to be supplied from the buccal nerve and branches of the mylohyoid nerve on the basis of microdissection of WATChE-stained mandibular preparations under a dissecting microscope. The rostral half of the lower lip-gingiva was innervated by mental branches from the inferior alveolar nerve. The caudal half of the lower lip-gingiva and cheek mucous membrane were observed to be supplied from the buccal nerve. Following injections of HRP/WGA–HRP into the molar gland, lower lip-gingiva and cheek, many retrogradely labeled ganglion neurons were observed in the ipsilateral main and accessory otic ganglia, superior cervical ganglion and mandibular division of the trigeminal ganglion. In the pterygopalatine ganglion, a small number of positive neurons were found, but in a few cases in which the injected tracer was restricted to the lower lip-gingiva and anterior half of the molar gland, labeled neurons were not detected in the main ganglion nor in its accessory microganglia. These findings indicate that the cat molar gland receives a postganglionic parasympathetic supply from the otic ganglia, postganglionic sympathetic input from the superior cervical ganglion and sensory innervation from the trigeminal ganglion by way of the buccal nerve and mylohyoid nerve. Vessels in the rostral half of the lower lip-gingiva receive the same inputs from the inferior alveolar nerve, and vessels in the caudal half receive inputs from the buccal nerve. The vessels in the cheek mucous membrane receive dual parasympathetic supplies from the otic ganglia and the pterygopalatine ganglion by way of the buccal nerve.

Immunohistological Studies of an Oncocytoma

An oncocytoma of the upper eyelid that occurred in an 82-year-old male was studied immunohistologically according to the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method (secretory component, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen, anticytokeratin AE1/AE3, S-100 protein, myoglobin, actin, vimentin). The staining properties of columnar-type oncocytes were the same as those of epithelial cells of excretory ducts of Moll's gland, but those of polygonal-type oncocytes were similar to those of myoepithelial cells of Moll's gland. Our results suggested that excretory duct epithelial cells of Moll's gland are the origin of oncocytoma of the eyelid.

Apocrine Adenocarcinoma Arising in Moll Gland Cystadenoma

An 85-year-old woman had a bluish tumor medially on the margin of the left upper eyelid. Malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva was presumed; the lesion was excised and submitted for routine histopathologic examination. There are no signs of recurrence or metastatic disease after follow-up for 1 year. Light microscopy with routine and histochemical stains were used for diagnosis. Immunohistochemical analysis included the use of a broad-spectrum "cocktail" of cytokeratin antibodies (AE1/AE3). The features were those of a cystic cavity lined with apocrine epithelium in one part infiltrating the wall and consistent with an apocrine adenocarcinoma derived from a Moll gland cystadenoma. Malignant Moll gland tumors are extremely uncommon but may be confused with conjunctival malignant melanoma or metastatic disease. The differential diagnosis to other sweat gland tumors such as eccrine adenocarcinoma and benign apocrine tumor or to sebaceous carcinoma can be difficult.

Hidradenoma Papilliferum of the Upper Eyelid Arising from the Apocrine Gland of Moll

Hidradenoma papilliferum is derived from apocrine sweat glands and was originally described as a tumor located in the anogenital area. The authors recently examined a 78-year-old man with a hidradenoma papilliferum at the margin of the upper eyelid. While the tumor was located in the dermis, serial sections showed a connection to the epidermis and neoplastic cells partially replacing a gland of Moll. There were glandular structures with luminal cells that showed apical decapitation-type secretion, indicating the apocrine origin of the tumor. The luminal cells also contained granules that stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain and were diastase resistant. Results of examination of the duct-forming cells by transmission electron microscopy showed adluminal villi, focal decapitation secretion, luminal cytoplasmic debris, and electron-dense cytoplasmic secretory granules. Because the apocrine glands of Moll are localized adjacent to the eyelid cilia, hidradenoma papilliferum and other tumors of apocrine origin should be considered in the clinical setting of a mass at the eyelid margin.

A Case Report of Equivocal Neoplasm Orignatng from an Apocrine Gland on the Eyelid

We report a rare case of apocrine neoplasm with malignant potential. The patient, a 29-year-old man, had a nodule 1 cm in diameter on his left upper eyelid which had been growing slowly for several years. It was a cystic lesion, consisting of neoplastic cells of probable apocrine gland or Moll's gland origin. This opinion was based on the histological characteristics, which included eosinophilic cytoplasm accompanied with decapitation secretion, iron granules, and granular depositions which were stained positively with periodic acid-Schiff, with and without diastase digestion. Ferritin was found in their cytoplasm, a feature that has not been reported. It was uncertain whether the neoplasm was benign or malignant, because the cells showed nuclear atypia, characterized by variation in size and hyperchromasia, but lacked the histological features of malignancy, including infiltration into the adjacent tissue and mitosis.

Morphology, histology and histochemistry of the ventral buccal salivary glands of the Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Morphometric, histological and histochemical investigations were carried out on the ventral buccal salivary glands of the Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius). The ventral part (inferior molar gland) is composed of serous acini with abundant myoepithelial cells and the dorsal part of the gland comprises mucoserous acini. The serous acini are devoid of any type of mucosubstances while the mucoserous cells of the dorsal part show neutral glycoproteins and sialomucins but neither glycogen nor sulfomucins. The histoenzymological tests employed have detected alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, non‐specific esterases and α‐amylase but no activities for aminopeptidase, lipase, cholinesterases and β‐glucuronidase.

Glands of the Eyelids of Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

The various glands of rhesus monkey eyelids and human eyelids are similar. Numerous modified sebaceous glands are located along the tarsus. These conform with the meibomian glands, while typical sebaceous glands associated with the hair follicles of the lashes are consistent with the glands of Zeis. Lobules of accessory lacrimal tissue, corresponding to the glands of Krause and Wolfring, are located in the conjunctiva of the fornix and along the orbital border of the tarsal plate. Goblet cells are plentiful in the mucosa of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, and along the lid margin are the sweat glands of Moll.

Papillary Oncocytoma of the Eyelid: A Previously Undescribed Tumor of Apocrine Gland Origin

Oncocytomas are uncommon tumors arising within the ductular cell lining of glandular structures. The oncocytic cells are characteristically large and rich in eosinophilic cytoplasm. Electron microscopic studies show densely packed mitochondria with irregular, whorled, or fragmented cristae. Ocular adnexal oncocytomas have been reported to arise in the caruncle, lacrimal gland, and lacrimal sac. The authors recently encountered an oncocytic tumor occurring in a most unusual location, the skin of the medial lid margin and commissure. Microscopically, the lesion was papillary and cystic in architecture, and arose from an adjacent apocrine gland of the eyelid margin (gland of Moll). Electron microscopic studies showed that the tumor cells were packed with malformed mitochondria to the exclusion of other organelles. This is the first report documenting an oncocytic lesion arising in the skin from an adnexal gland.

Multiple Bilateral Apocrine Cystadenomas of the Lower Eyelids: Light and Electron Microscopic Studies

An 88-year-old man presented with 13 apocrine cystadenomas of both lower eyelids of at least 10 years' duration. The cysts were remarkable for possessing a superior dome of either creamy or yellowish material (probably reflecting the lipid-rich decapitation secretion), surmounting a clearer fluid inferiorly, as well as for being restricted to the eyelid margins where the glands of Moll are located. Light microscopy disclosed a double-layered cuboidal cellular lining, which focally became more plump or hobnailed, exhibited apical decapitation secretion, and was occasionally thrown into papillary folds. Electron microscopy demonstrated cellular debris and segments of interrupted plasmalemmas within the cystic cavity, intercellular widenings constituting canaliculi, cytoplasmic election-dense secretory granules, flocculent mucous vacuoles, and swirls of smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. Basal cells were focally interspersed between the secretory cells and the basement membrane, and occasionally manifested spotty myofilamentary differentiation. These findings are supportive of an origin of the lesions from the secretory rather than the ductal portion of the glands of Moll. They corroborate conclusions drawn from dermatologic investigations that the cysts are an essentially proliferative process as opposed to the result of passive ductal dilatation.

Canaliculops

Over a 1-year period, a cystic bluish coloration developed in the most medial aspect at the margin of the right upper eyelid of a 40-year-old man. The clinical diagnoses were either a conjunctival inclusion cyst or an adnexal cyst, possibly of the gland of Moll. The excised specimen was studied histopathologically and exhibited a lining that was virtually indistinguishable from that of the normal canaliculus, except for hyperplasia of the cellular wall and the focal presence of a superficial mucin-producing columnar cell monolayer at the lumen. The medial edge of the excised specimen showed a merging of the cyst into a nonectatic portion of the canaliculus. Inflammation in the wall of the cyst and in this terminal portion of the canaliculus was not identified. This is believed to be a unique entity of an idiopathic ectasia with mild epithelial proliferation of a segment of the canaliculus. The authors have termed this condition canaliculops, to draw a parallel between it and ectasia of the ducts of the lacrimal gland, so-called dacryops.

Tumours of the Moll's glands.

Four cases of tumours arising from Moll's glands, two benign mixed tumours of the skin (chondroid syringomas) and two adenocarcinomas, are reported. Three of the patients were over 40 years old. Contrary to the common assumption that malignant Moll's gland tumours are of low-grade malignancy, the two adenocarcinomas described here were highly malignant. Despite vigorous treatment, including orbital exenteration and lymph node resection, one was rapidly fatal and the other recurred with extensive involvement of the paranasal sinuses.

The histochemistry of mucosubstances in ferret salivary glands

The mucosubstances of the major salivary glands of the ferret were analysed using different histochemical reactions. Almost all the parotid acinar cells had sialic acid-containing mucus. There were a very few cells, the granules of which gave reactions for sulphated mucins. Submandibular gland mucus was sulphated in the major parts of the gland. There were occasional cells which gave reactions to carboxylated mucin. The sublingual and the molar glands had tubules which had 2 types of mucous cells. The central cells contained sulphated mucins and the peripheral ones had carboxylated mucins. The mucus in the tubules of the zygomatic gland was predominantly sulphated. In the sublingual, molar as well as in the zygomatic, there were granulated cells scattered among the tubules. Some of these granules were found to contain carboxylated and the others neutral mucins. No sexual dimorphism was observed in any of the glands among the 4 male and 4 female ferrets used in this study.

Gross and microscopic anatomy of the major salivary glands of the ferret.

The gross and microscopic anatomy of the major salivary glands of the ferret was studied. There were 5 pairs of major salivary glands, parotid, submandibular, sublingua, molar and zygomatic. They were of compound tubuloacinar type and consisted of numerous lobes and lobules. The parotid gland was grossly similar to the parotids in other mammals but histologically it was seromucous as in the carnivores dog and cat. The parotid duct opened into the vestibule of the mouth opposite the upper third premolar tooth. The submandibular gland was single on each side, oval in shape and cervical in position. Histologically it was entirely mucous. The submandibular duct opened at a sublingual papilla in the oral cavity at the side of the frenulum of the tongue. The sublingual gland was the smallest of the major salivary glands. It was single on each side and lay deep to the digastric muscle. It opened by several small ductules into the submandibular duct. It was mainly mucous and did not contain intercalated and striated ducts. The molar gland was located superficially near the angle of the mouth. It was irregularly pyramidal and opened by several small ducts into the vesibule opposite the lower molar teeth. It was predominantly mucous. There were no intercalated or striated ducts. The zygomatic gland was present deep to the masseter and related to the orbit in the infra-temporal fossa. The gland opened by several small ducts into the vestibule opposite the upper molar teeth. It was also predominantly mucous and there were no intercalated or striated ducts.

Sudoriferous Cyst-Reply

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr. Charles' letter brings up an interesting problem. In reviewing the case at the AFIP, the possibility that the cyst in question may represent a retention cyst originating from a lacrimal gland ductule was discussed. It seems that it is virtually impossible to differentiate between a sudoriferous cyst and cystic dilation from one of the lacrimal gland ductules. Since there would appear to be more than one histopathologic interpretation of this specimen, the diagnosis becomes one of speculation. The presence of lacrimal gland tissue in association with the cyst may indicate its origin or it may be a coincidental occurrence. A congenital lacrimal gland ductule cyst is itself rare and the superior nasal quadrant of the eyelid would be an unusual if not rare site for its occurrence. A sudoriferous cyst occurring at this site would not be unexpected since the glands of Moll are present along

Toxicity of Phenazopyridine

The oral administration of phenazopyridine hydrochloride to dogs showed that the drug accumulated selectively in lacrimal and nictitans glands and the glands of Moll, and caused a reduction of tear flow. The drug or its metabolic derivative was detectable by light microscopy as an accumulation in the cytoplasm within 48 hours after drug administration. Electron microscopy showed that the product detected was localized in secretory granules. The results suggest that phenazopyridine hydrochloride affects the synthesis of secretory granules and causes progressive destruction of affected cells.

Apocrine Hidrocystoma (Cystadenoma)

A study of 42 patients with 50 apocrine hidrocystomas (cystadenomas) revealed that this entity is rarely diagnosed clinically and is most frequently misdiagnosed as basal cell epithelioma. These skin-colored, blue or translucent cysts usually can be distinguished from basal cell epitheliomas, nevi, and other lesions if the diagnosis comes to mind. Apocrine hidrocystomas are histologically characteristic and are indistinguishable from retention cysts of the glands of Moll.