Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of themajor causes of death from a single infectious agent worldwide. Of great concern for TB control is the emergence of drug resistance. Since there is no cure for some multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, there is concern that they may spread around the world, stressing the need for additional control measures, such as new diagnostics, better drugs for treatment, and a more effective vaccine. Recent advances in molecular biology and molecular epidemiology, and a better understanding of the molecular basis of drug resistance in TB, have provided new tools for rapid diagnosis; however, the high cost of most of these techniques, and their requirement for sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel have precluded their implementation on a routine basis, especially in low-income countries. To respond to the urgent need for simple and rapid diagnostic tools at the point of treatment in high-burden countries, a fully automated molecular test for tuberculosis case detection and drug resistance testing was developed through collaboration in a public–private partnership; Xpert MTB/RIF, an automated molecular test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and resistance to rifampin (RIF), uses heminested real-timepolymerase chain-reaction (PCR) assay to amplify anMTB specific sequence of the rpoB gene, which is probedwithmolecular beacons for mutations within the rifampin-resistance determining region. Testing is carried out on the MTB/RIF test platform (GeneXpert, Cepheid), which integrates sample processing and PCR in a disposable plastic cartridge containing all reagents required for bacterial lysis, nucleic acid extraction, amplification, and amplicon detection. Methods: In the presentmini review, some of these approaches will be reviewed and the feasibility for their implementation in diagnostic laboratories will be discussed. Results: No results as this paper is a mini review presentation Conclusion: The resurgence of interest in the development of new tools for TB control, and the recent influx of funding and political support, it is likely that the next few years will see the introduction of new diagnostic tools like molecular test (Hain Test, Gene Xpert,) into routine TB control programs and particularly in high disease burden, and resource-poor countries.