Decrease In Molar Volume Research Articles

Influence of BaTiO3 substitution on structural and thermal response of lead borosilicate glass for ultrasonic applications

An extensive examination of the impact of BaTiO3 doping on the mechanical and thermal characteristics of lead-borosilicate glasses is provided in this work. The glass density increases noticeably (from 6020 for BaTiO3 to 2533 kg/m3 for SiO2), and the molar volume decreases, suggesting a denser and more compact structural arrangement. The mechanical properties exhibited a notable improvement upon the addition of BaTiO3. Specifically, the longitudinal ultrasonic velocity (VL) increased from 3927 to 4458 m/s, and the shear velocity (VS) increased from 2317 to 2630 m/s, indicating a reinforced glass network. The bulk modulus increased from 35.71 to 58.06 GPa, and Young’s modulus increased from 57.2 to 92.98 GPa. These significant increases in elastic moduli were attributed to tighter atom packing and higher levels of cross-linking within the glass matrix. Furthermore, the glass structure’s increased rigidity and connectedness were further indicated by the Debye temperature (θD), which increased from 296.8 to 347.3 K. The influence of BaTiO3 on the thermal analysis is demonstrated, which revealed that increasing BaTiO3 content raises both the glass transition and crystallization temperatures. The results of the experiment demonstrate how much BaTiO3 doping can improve the physical characteristics of lead-borosilicate glasses, enabling them to be used in sophisticated optical and structural applications.

Impact of incremental zinc-oxide incorporation on optical, magnetic, mechanical and photon transmission properties of K2O, SrF2, PbO containing borate-glasses

This study examines the radiation shielding properties of borate glass systems, with a focus on the simultaneous enhancement of optical, mechanical, and magnetic characteristics. The glass composition is represented by formula (55-x)B2O3+25PbO+10SrF2+10K2O + xZnO (where x: 0.0–10.0 mol%). By manipulating the ZnO concentration, we aimed to investigate its role as a radiation attenuator and its effects on the glass's optical, mechanical, and magnetic properties. Using traditional melt-quenching techniques, we produced the glass samples and examined their density, molar volume, linear attenuation coefficients (GLAC), mean free paths (GMFP), half-value layers (GHVL), and optical and magnetic properties. Our findings demonstrate that higher ZnO concentrations lead to a significant increase in density and a corresponding decrease in molar volume, thereby enhancing the glasses' ability to shield against gamma radiation. The radiation attenuation analysis revealed that increasing ZnO content substantially improves GLAC values across the energy range of 356–1333 keV. Additionally, ZnO incorporation decreases the optical bandgap, shifting the UV absorption edge to shorter wavelengths and enhancing UV dielectric capacity. Magnetic properties were assessed using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements, showing a strong correlation between ZnO content and the effective atomic number (Zeff). It can be concluded that ZnO not only contributes to radiation shielding but also modifies the electronic structure of the glass, impacting its optical absorption properties.

Physical and Thermoelectric Properties of Ternary Semiconducting NiO–V2O5–TeO2 Glasses

Five samples of ternary semiconducting 65V2O5 –xNiO–(35–x) TeO2 glasses, with 5 ≤ x ≤ 25 (x in mol%), were prepared using a press-quenching method from a glass melt. The thermoelectric Power (TEP), density, oxygen molar volume (Vm) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were analyzed. TEP measurements were conducted within the temperature range of 300 – 506 K for the mentioned glass compositions. Information on the creation of polarons and the disorder energy arising from random fields was gathered. By applying Heikes’ equation and the small polaron model theory to the TEP, the results obtained from experimental data were effectively explained. The study revealed that an increase in the NiO content in the glass led to a rise in density and a consistent decrease in molar volume. All glasses exhibited a singular phase structure.

Optical and Structural Properties of TiO2 doped Calcium Borate Glasses

The novel glasses were created using the melt quenching technique and the glass composition xTiO2-(50-x) CaO-50B2O3, where x=0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 in mol%, which was characterized by XRD spectra and confirmed the glass samples’ amorphous nature. Using the Archimedes principle, the density of the glasses was determined, and the associated molar volume was estimated. Density increases with increasing mol% TiO2, whereas molar volume decreases, as anticipated. The absorption spectra from the wavelength region of 200nm–1100nm were obtained using a UV-visible spectrometer. Tauc’s plot was used to evaluate the direct and indirect energy band gap, and the fluctuation of the energy band gap with mol% TiO2 has been discussed. The refractive index has also been estimated using energy band gap data. In the 400-4000 cm-1 range, the FT-IR functional groups were confirmed.

Preparation of Mo2C by the temperature-programmed reaction between h-MoO3 and CO

In the work, the temperature-programmed reaction (TPR) between hexagonal-shaped h-MoO3 and high-purity CO under different heating rates was investigated in order to prepare Mo2C. Various technologies such as TG-DTA-DTG, XRD, FESEM, FT-IR and Raman spectrum as well as the thermodynamic calculation were adopted to analyze the experimental data. The results showed that the physically adsorbed water on the sample surface, the residual ammonium and coordinated water in the internal structure of h-MoO3 were successively released as the temperature increased, and then α-MoO3 and Mo4O11 were formed when the temperature arrived at around 791 K. Upon further increasing the temperature, the reduction process occurred and MoO2 will be generated. Thereafter, the carburization reaction was taken place and the subsequent reaction pathways were significantly different at lower and higher heating rates: at lower heating rates (8 and 12 K/min), the carburization process of MoO2 to Mo2C followed MoO2→MoO2+Mo2C→Mo2C + Mo→Mo2C; while at higher heating rates (16 and 20 K/min), the reaction pathways followed MoO2→MoO2+Mo2C→MoO2+Mo2C + Mo + MoOxCy→Mo→Mo2C, single-phase metallic Mo can be generated. The work also discovered that the as-prepared Mo2C always kept the same platelet-shaped morphology as that of the newly-formed MoO2; while due to the removal of oxygen and the decrease of molar volume during the transformation process, the as-prepared Mo2C exhibited a rougher and more porous morphological structure.

Elucidating the effect of La2O3–B2O3 exchange on structure, optical and radiation shielding improvements of Na2O–NiO–B2O3 glass

In this work, borate glass systems containing lanthanum oxide (La2O3), nickel oxide (NiO), and sodium oxide (Na2O) were prepared using the melt quenching technique by changing the La2O3/B2O3 contents. Furthermore, the structural, optical, and radiation shielding characteristics of these glasses were investigated. Optical transmittance was measured to show that all glass samples have good transparency in the visible range. Structurally, with increasing La2O3/B2O3 contents, the density increases (from 2.226 to 3.184 g.cm−3), the molar volume decreases, and the average bond density increases. Furthermore, with increasing La2O3/B2O3 contents, the refractive index and optical basicity shift toward higher values while the electronegativity decreases. On the other hand, the radiation shielding properties, such as mass attenuation coefficient and half value layer, show enhanced behaviors with further La2O3 additions. Further, we found that the HVL of the highest La2O3-containing glass samples is smaller than all commonly used radiation shielding materials. Finally, the combination of enhanced radiation shielding properties and good transparency makes the current glasses good candidates in the radiation shielding field.

Dentoalveolar Alterations in an Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Mouse Model.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by kidney damage and loss of renal function. CKD mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) describes the dysregulation of mineral homeostasis, including hyperphosphatemia and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, skeletal abnormalities, and vascular calcification. CKD-MBD impacts the oral cavity, with effects including salivary gland dysfunction, enamel hypoplasia and damage, increased dentin formation, decreased pulp volume, pulp calcifications, and altered jaw bones, contributing to clinical manifestations of periodontal disease and tooth loss. Underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, and CKD mouse models commonly require invasive procedures with high rates of infection and mortality. We aimed to characterize the dentoalveolar effects of an adenine diet (AD)-induced CKD (AD-CKD) mouse model. Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were provided either a normal phosphorus diet control (CTR) or adenine and high-phosphorus diet CKD to induce kidney failure. Mice were euthanized at 15 weeks old, and mandibles were collected for micro-computed tomography and histology. CKD mice exhibited kidney failure, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperparathyroidism in association with porous cortical bone in femurs. CKD mice showed a 30% decrease in molar enamel volume compared to CTR mice. Enamel wear was associated with reduced ductal components, ectopic calcifications, and altered osteopontin (OPN) deposition in submandibular salivary glands of CKD mice. Molar cusps in CKD mice were flattened, exposing dentin. Molar dentin/cementum volume increased 7% in CKD mice and pulp volume decreased. Histology revealed excessive reactionary dentin and altered pulp-dentin extracellular matrix proteins, including increased OPN. Mandibular bone volume fraction decreased 12% and bone mineral density decreased 9% in CKD versus CTR mice. Alveolar bone in CKD mice exhibited increased tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase localization, OPN deposition, and greater osteoclast numbers. AD-CKD recapitulated key aspects reported in CKD patients and revealed new insights into CKD-associated oral defects. This model has potential for studying mechanisms of dentoalveolar defects or therapeutic interventions. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).

Comments on the paper “The phenomenon of ‘‘partial isobaric compression” of urea as a solute in tertiary butanol: Comparison with a similar effect in the (methanol + urea) system” by E.V. Ivanov, E.Yu. Lebedeva [J. Mol. Liq. 370 (2023) 121039-10

This work is a commentary on an article by Ivanov and Lebedeva that appeared in this journal. The name of the phenomenon of partial molar volume decrease with temperature increase formulated in the paper as “partial isobaric compression“ is incorrect.

Structural and optical properties of tungsten-sodium-zinc-borate glass doped α-Fe2O3 nanoparticle

The effect of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the structural, physical, and optical properties of the synthesized glass (45-x) B2O3 + 10WO3 + 20Na2O +25ZnO + xα-Fe2O3 (where x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1) via melt quenching technique was investigated. XRD and FTIR analysis confirmed the glass's amorphous nature in the absence of peaks in the spectrum and the presence of BO4 and BO3 structural units. The density increases while the molar volume decreases, with increasing dopant content. The FTIR analysis further reveals that the intensity of the B–O–B bond decreases as the α-Fe2O3 content increases, implying that the B–O–B bond in the bond ring isolated to BO3 units transforms into BO4 units. Also, the optical direct and indirect band gap decreases from 3.60 to 2.18 eV and 3.68 to 2.07 eV, respectively. The transmission coefficient decreases from 0.9 to 0.48, while the reflectance loss increases from 0.05 to 0.35 as dopant content increases. Urbach energy, interatomic separation, and metallization decrease, while the refractive index, molar refractivity, electronic polarizability, and dielectric constant increase with increasing dopant concentration. The refractive index based on metallization M(n) and optical band gap based on metallization M (Eopt) decreases from 0.66 to 0.18 and 0.43 to 0.33, respectively. Adding α-Fe2O3 reduced the bandgap energy and transformed the glass insulator qualities into semiconductor properties. The data show that the as-prepared glass is a possible candidate for photonic applications.

DC conductivity in La2O3 doped zinc vanadate glasses

In this study, structural, physical and electrical properties were investigated for zinc vanadate glasses of composition, (ZnO)0.3 – (V2O5)0.3-x – (B2O3)0.4 – (La2O3)x where × takes value of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 mol%. Non-crystallinity of the samples has been set up from XRD studies. The prepared samples density and molar volume at room temperature were determined. The density of the glasses is found to increase and molar volume decrease with increasing La2O3 concentration. DC conductivity is found to increase with temperature and decrease with La2O3 content. Using Mott's small polaron hopping (SPH) model, the activation energy for conductivity at high temperatures has been determined. It is found to decrease with increase of mole fractions of La2O3. Mott's and Greave's Variable Range Hopping models at low temperature were used to calculate the density of states at the Fermi level, and the results are compared.

Effects of the 10B/11B isotopic substitution on shear relaxation in supercooled B2O3 liquid: A validation of the elastic model of viscous flow.

The effects of atomic mass in terms of its zero-point vibrational energy, on molar volume, glass transition temperature Tg, and viscosity are studied in glassy and supercooled B2O3 liquids using boron isotope substitutions. The molar volume decreases and Tg and isothermal viscosity increase on the substitution of lighter 10B isotopes with the heavier 11B isotopes. These effects are argued to be a manifestation of the higher zero-point vibrational energy of the lighter isotope, which along with the anharmonicity of the potential well, results in a longer equilibrium inter-atomic distance and larger mean-square displacement with respect to that for the heavier isotope. The isotope effect on viscosity is increasingly enhanced as the temperature approaches Tg, which is shown to be consistent with the prediction of the elastic models of viscous flow and shear relaxation.

Role of the Gd2O3 increment on the cerium oxidation state and luminescence behavior in the CeF3 doped silicoborate glass

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Gd2O3 on the cerium oxidation state and studied their luminescence in the silicoborate glass. Glass samples of a silicoborate glass containing cerium fluoride were prepared by doping the glass with varying amounts of Gd2O3 in the chemical formula xGd2O3: 40Na2O: 5SiO2: (54.5)B2O3: 0.5CeF3 (x = 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 mol%). Density and refractive index tend to increase with increasing Gd2O3 content, whereas molar volume decreases. High-resolution XPS spectra confirm the chemical composition in the glass structure and found that the B1s and O1s regions illustrated more BO4 and bridging oxygen, respectively. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) at the Ce LIII-edge was used to investigate the proportion between trivalent cerium (Ce3+) and tetravalent cerium (Ce4+). The ratio of Ce3+/Ce4+ decreased with the addition of Gd2O3. A higher concentration of Gd2O3 content showed more Ce4+ related to the reduction of photoluminescence and X-ray-induced luminescence spectra. Alpha-induced luminescence was used to calculate the light yield of the 7.5Gd:0.5CeF glass. Decay time was measured by pulsed light sources at 286 nm and X-ray excitation.

Up-conversion and downconversion studies of Nd3+ doped borophosphate glasses

Neodymium doped borophosphate glasses have been synthesizsed by melt quenching technique to investigate their luminescence properties. The increase in density and decrease in molar volume with increasing concentration of Nd2O3 (0.1 mol% to 0.5 mol%) established the participation of Nd3+ in the glass structure. Non-crystalline nature of prepared glasses is confirmed by the absence of sharp peaks in X-ray diffraction spectra. The various structural units due to B2O3, P2O5, and PbO were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Ultraviolet visible absorption spectroscopy showed various absorption peaks/bands at 742 nm (4F7/2+4S3/2), 684 nm (4F9/2), 626 nm (2H11/2), 581 nm (4G5/2+2G7/2), 523 nm (4G7/2+4G9/2+ 2K13/2), 431 nm (2D5/2+2P1/2), 358 nm (4D3/2+4D5/2), 338 nm (2I11/2), and 315 (4D7/2+2I13/2+2L15/2). The optical parameters, namely indirect band gap, molar refractivity, molar polarizability, electronic polarizability and dielectric constant showed linear trend with increasing concentration of Nd2O3. Judd-Ofelt parameters followed Ω6> Ω4> Ω2 trend. The experimental and calculated oscillator strength for 584 nm is highest among all transitions because it is hypersensitive in nature. Upon 806 nm excitation, four visible peaks at 489 nm, 540 nm, 605 nm and 671 nm were observed. Excited state absorption up-conversion and energy transfer up-conversion mechanisms were responsible for visible up-conversion. At 338 nm, ultraviolet energy is downconverted to 448 nm, 529 nm, 591 nm. Commission International de I'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates were evaluated from the up-conversion emission spectra and the coordinates lie in green region.

Mechanical and radiation shielding features of lithium titanophosphate glasses doped BaO

Glasses with the formulation 15TiO2 -70P2O5 –(15−x) Li2O- x BaO x = (0 ≤ x ≤ 10 mol. %) are fabricate by the melt quenching procedure. As BaO concentration increased, the observed density increased and the predicted molar volume decreases. To assess the elastic properties of glasses, ultrasonic velocities were measured. Ultrasonic velocities (VL&VT) increases as the amount of BaO content increases. The higher connection strength of BaO proportional to Li2O as well as an increment in coordination number results in an increment in elastic moduli. The Phy-X/PSD program was also used to describe the samples' gamma-ray shielding parameters, like the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) (cm2/g). According to studies on radiation shielding in glasses, the BaO content is the only factor affecting the radiation shielding phenomenon. All the samples have (MAC) values of 7.868, 9.177, 10.432, 12.794, 13.907, and 0.021, 0.022, 0.022, 0.023, and 0.024 at lower and higher energies. One can deduce that BaO reinforcement has multiple functions, including increasing the density of comparable glass compositions and thus their mechanical and gamma-ray shielding properties. This study suggests, there is a strong correlation between the mechanical and radiation properties of the glasses.

Impact of Nb2O5 on radiation shielding properties of the bismuth-titanium-phosphate glasses

The glasses of the 45Na2O− 10Bi2O3 − (5-x)TiO2 −xNb2O5 − 40 P2O5 system with 0 ≤x ≤ 5 mol% have been prepared by using the melt quenching route. The structure of these obtained glasses was analyzed by examining the density and molar volume measurements. It was found that the density increased from 3.237 g/cm3 at x = 0 mol% to 3.559 g/cm3 at x = 5 mol%. But for the molar volume, there were two changes; the first is characterized by an increase in molar volume from 59.316 cm3/mol (x = 0) to 59.767 cm3/mol (x = 1), and the second one is distinguished by a decrease in molar volume from 59.767 cm3/mol (x = 1) to 56.562 cm3/mol (x = 5). The obtained densities have been investigated in order to examine the radiation shielding properties of these study glasses using Phy-X software. The linear attenuation coefficients (LAC) results demonstrated that the protecting potential of the formed phosphate glasses decreases dramatically as the energy is changed from 0.284 to 1.33 MeV. The effective atomic number (Zeff) was also evaluated and we found that the Zeff for the glass with 5 mol% of Nb2O5, is in the range of 14.16–23.87. For the glass with free Nb2O5, we reported the folloiwng values for Zeff: 23.82, 16.68, 14.64 and 13.86 at 0.284, 0.511, 0.826 and 1.33 MeV. The half value layer (HVL) is determined and we found that the thickness of the sample must be sleected less than 1.5 cm to effectively attenuate the photons with energy less than 0.511 MeV. The different shielding factors showed that the prepared samples have a potential for protection at lower energies that is significantly greater than its shields at higher energies. Also, the addition of Nb2O5 causes an enhancement in the radiation shielding performance.

Study of thermal and physical properties of sodium modified zinc borate glasses

A glass series for composition 20ZnO.(80-x)B 2 O 3 .xNa 2 O with x = 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 have been prepared using melt quenching technique, the thermal and physical properties of prepared samples were studied. To analyze the role of modifier the parameters like glass transition temperature ( T g ), density ( ρ ), molar volume ( V m ), crystalline volume ( V c ), oxygen packing density (OPD), interionic distance ( R i ), polaron radius ( R p ), boron molar volume (V M B ), average boron-boron distance <d B-B > and field strength ( F ) were calculated. Glass transition temperature exhibits a nonlinear decrement with increment in modifier content. As sodium oxide content increases molar volume decreases and density showcase increasing pattern with decrease in rate of change of ρ with increasing sodium oxide percentage.

Optical, mechanical and thermal properties in HfO2-doped TiO2-LaO3/2 glasses fabricated by aerodynamic levitation

70.21TiO2-(29.79-x)LaO3/2-xHfO2 (x=0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6) glasses were fabricated by aerodynamic levitation technique. XRD shows the amorphous state of these synthesized glasses. DSC indicates that the glass transition temperature (Tg) and onset crystallization temperature (Tx) decreases while ΔT (=Tx - Tg) decreases and then increases with the increase of HfO2. Density increases from 4.931 to 5.147 gcm−3 with the addition of HfO2, while hardness increases from 8.587 to 9.058 GPa. Raman spectra indicate that the maximum phonon energy is 720 cm−1. The transmittance region of glasses is wide from 386nm to 6.5 μm, and the largest transmittance can reach 72%. Furthermore, Abbe number decreases from 17.797 to 16.969 with the addition of HfO2, which is attributed to the increase in the inherent absorption wavelength (λ0). Finally, the refractive index increases from 2.293 to 2.324 with the addition of HfO2, which is attributed to the increase in oxygen packing density (OPD), decrease in molar volume (Vm). The reason for the relatively small increase in the refractive index is that the oxygen polarizability has a certain decrease, which offsets a part of the effects of Vm and OPD. These results are useful for designing new optical glass with excellent properties.

Complex Protein Retention Shifts with a Pressure Increase: An Indication of a Standard Partial Molar Volume Increase during Adsorption?

Studies of protein adsorption on reversed-phase and ion exchange stationary phases demonstrated an increase in retention with increasing pressure, which is interpreted as a standard partial molar volume decrease during the transition of the protein from a mobile to a stationary phase. Investigation of the pressure effect on the retention of lysozyme and IgG on a cation exchange column surprisingly revealed a negative retention trend with the increase of pressure. Further investigation of this phenomenon was performed with β-lactoglobulin, which enabled adsorption to be studied on both cation and anion exchange columns using the same mobile phase with a pH of 5.2. The same surface charge and standard partial molar volume in the mobile phase allowed us to examine only the effect of adsorption. Interestingly, a negative retention trend with a pressure increase occurred on an anion exchange column while a positive trend was present on a cation exchange column. This indicates that the interaction type governs the change in the standard partial molar volume during adsorption, which is independent of the applied pressure. Increasing the protein charge by decreasing the pH of the mobile phase to 4 reversed the retention trend (into a negative) with a pressure increase on the cation exchange column. A further decrease of the pH value resulted in an even more pronounced negative trend. This counterintuitive behavior indicates an increase in the standard partial molar volume during adsorption with the protein charge, possibly due to intermolecular repulsion of adsorbed protein molecules. While a detailed mechanism remains to be elucidated, presented results demonstrate the complexity of ion exchange interactions that can be investigated simply by changing the column pressure.

Thermal, structural and crystallization study of Na2O–P2O5–Nb2O5 glasses

The present investigation deals with the study of the structure, properties and thermal behaviour of Na2O–P2O5–Nb2O5 glasses prepared in the compositional series 40Na2O-(60-x)P2O5-xNb2O5 (x=0–40 ​mol% Nb2O5). The modification of starting 40Na2O–60P2O5 glass by Nb2O5 revealed changes both in the structure and properties. The glass density steeply increases with increasing Nb2O5 content while the molar volume decreases. Parent sodium ultraphosphate glass was covered with a thin layer of partially hydrolysed glass in air. The chemical durability of Nb2O5 containing glasses was high. The replacement of P2O5 by Nb2O5 resulted in a gradual increase in the refraction index as well as in an increase in glass transition temperature and dilatometric softening temperature. DSC measurements demonstrated that glasses crystallize under heating in the temperature range of 330–880°C. The lowest thermal stability was found for the glass containing 40 ​mol% Nb2O5. The Raman and NMR spectra indicated that the structure of 40Na2O–60P2O5 glass is formed mainly by Q2 and Q1 phosphate units interconnected by P–O–P bonds. The replacement of P2O5 by Nb2O5 leads to depolymerization and the partial transformation of Q2 units into Q1 units and finally to isolated Q0 units. Nb2O5 forms in the glass structure NbO6 octahedra.

Ferromagnetism and exchange bias in compressed ilmenite-hematite solid solution as a source of planetary magnetic anomalies.

We propose a compressed ilmenite-hematite solid solution as a new potential source of Earth’s magnetic anomalies. The 0.5FeTiO3·0.5Fe2O3 solid solution compressed by collision synthesis with super-high-energy ball milling showed a decrease in molar volume of approximately 1.8%. Consequently, the sample showed a saturation magnetization of 1.5 ampere square meter per kilogram (Am2/kg) at 300 kelvin, a Curie temperature of 990 kelvin, and a magnetic exchange bias below 100 kelvin, e.g., 1.7 × 105 ampere per meter at 60 kelvin. Ilmenite-hematite solid solutions are common mineral systems in most mafic igneous and metamorphic rocks, and the compressive force in the rocks is generated by the high pressure in the upper mantle or by shock events with high pressure such as the collision of these rocks with meteorites. Therefore, we consider that the compressed ilmenite-hematite solid solution is an additional candidate source of other planetary magnetic anomalies including those in the Moon and Earth.