Moisture Content Of Samples Research Articles

Effect of Weevil Infestation on Maize Seed and Feed Quality at Different Storage Periods

In the seed /grain samples collected from six months old stock, the highest mean number (32.33) of rice weevils were recorded in Venkatesh Poultry Feed, Karimnagar and Sanjeev Reddy poultry feed, Nizamabad with per cent damage 14.50 and 13.63 per cent respectively. The significantly highest population of rice weevils were recorded in the one year old samples collected from Sharanya Poultry Feed, Karimnagar (36.00) with per cent damage 13.07 %. Similarly the highest mean population of rice weevils were recorded in MARKFED, Ranga reddy (187.67) with per cent damage 53.33 in samples collected from two years old seed stocks. The data indicate population buildup from six months to one year was not significant but population increased by five to six folds from six months to two years storage duration. Germination percentage of the maize samples collected from different locations from six months, one year and two years old stocks showed negative and highly significant relationship with population of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (-0.86, 0.92 and 0.99, respectively) and similar trend was observed with its infestation (-0.87, -0.96 and -0.99, respectively). While, moisture content (per cent) of the maize samples of six months, one year and two years old stocks collected from different location showed positive and non significant relationship with population of Sitophilus oryzae (l.) (0.49, 0.51 and 0.78) and with its infestation similar trend was noticed (0.39, 0.46 and 0.80), respectively. The population size of weevils and the storage period are the factors that have the highest influence on seed germination.

Application of a Whey Protein Edible Film Incorporated with Cumin Essential Oil in Cheese Preservation

Iranian white cheese has a dynamic microbial load and moisture content of about 50%–60% and a short shelf-life (about 10 days). As a result, this research aimed to prolong the shelf-life of Iranian white cheese using an antimicrobial whey protein concentrate (WPC) edible coating enriched with 1 and 2% of cumin essential oil (CEO). The microbiological (total bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and dairy-related pathogen risk), physicochemical (fat, protein, pH, titratable acidity, moisture, and total solid content), color, texture, organoleptic, and sensorial properties of the cheese samples were assessed during 28 days of storage at 4–5 °C. The integration of the WPC and the CEO reduced the moisture content of the films and improved their durability. The presence of the CEO significantly enhanced the mechanical attributes of the films, i.e., Young’s modulus and tensile strength. Cheese samples coated with WPC containing 1 and 2% CEO maintained the moisture content of the cheese samples, decreased the counts of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli (EHEC) by 2 log after 28 days of storage. The yeast and mold count decreased from 4.6 log CFU·g−1 to 2.1 and 2 log CFU·g−1. The edible coating did not affect the color or texture of samples during the 28 days of storage. The sensory qualities of all samples were identical, demonstrating that the coating did not influence the curd cheese flavor. This study demonstrated that an edible coating made of WPC with the addition of CEO could effectively improve the shelf-life of Iranian white cheese, contribute to the development of a more sustainable manufacturing process, and increase its functional value.

Nonlinear shear characteristics of frozen loess-concrete interface.

Under the different temperature environment, the precast pile-soil interface characteristics has an important impact on the safety and long-term stability for pile foundation. A large precast pile-soil shear experimental device is used to carry out the direct shear test of concrete-loess interface with different moisture contents under different freezing temperatures. The variation laws of shear strength parameters are revealed with influencing factors, and the shear mechanism of interface is discussed. The stress-strain constitutive equation of interface is proposed, and the shear strength criterion is established with considering the effects of temperature and moisture content on cohesion and internal friction angle. The results show the curve of shear stress and shear displacement can be divided into three stages: elastic deformation stage, plastic deformation stage and sliding failure stage, which macroscopically reflects the shear failure mechanism of the frozen soil-concrete interface. The shear strength of the interface is affected by the test temperature, sample moisture content and normal stress. The lower the test temperature, the greater the shear strength of the interface; With the increase of normal stress, the shear strength of interface increases; With the increase of moisture content, the shear strength of the interface increases and then decreases. The relationship of shear stress and shear displacement of frozen soil-concrete interface can be well described by the piecewise combination of hyperbolic function and linear function.

Assessing the quality of bee honey on the basis of melissopalynology as well as chemical analysis.

Melissopalynological and chemical analysis of honey provide us useful and valuable information about the botanical and geographical origin of honey. The data in question is very important for authentication as well as for testing the quality of honey, so this is considered the main method in honey regulation here, we have used chemical analysis and melissopalynology to evaluate different honey samples from two main Iranian hubs of honey. Sampling was carried out on two important poles in Iran's honey production, the central Alborz region, and the mountainous Zagros ecosystems in the years 2020 to 2021. Therefore, 52 samples from Alborz (Northern Iran), as well as 42 samples from the Zagrosian ecosystems (western Iran) belonging to different ecological habitats, were collected. In addition, samples were taken at 7 altitudes from 0 to 3500 m a.s.l. Furthermore, in this study, various chemical analyses such as the effect of antioxidant activity, the amount of total phenolic content, pH, and moisture content of honey samples were evaluated. Our results showed that all honey samples were classified as polyfloral honey. Based on our findings, 57 honey samples (61%) contained the standard amount of pollen. A total of 42 plant families and 55 genera were identified in the studied samples, with the highest presence of Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Apocynaceae, and Apiaceae. Finally, an antioxidant activity ratio of 19% to 98%, total phenolic content from 0.08 to 0.51 ppm, pH from 1.90 to 5.21, and moisture content from 13% to 18.40%.

Antimicrobial, Physicochemical, Proximate and Heavy Metal Profiles of Selected Honey Samples from two Southwestern States in Nigeria

Honey is made up of a variety of sugars, minerals, vitamins, enzymes, proteins, phenolic mixtures, and organic components, which define if the honey is genuine or contaminated. As a result, this work was undertaken to examine the nutritional and heavy metal properties of honeys sold in two Nigerian states in the South west. Samples of honey were taken from twenty hives in two southwestern states and tested for antimicrobial, physicochemical, proximate, and heavy metal characteristics using standard recommended procedures, while heavy metals were detected with an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Zones of inhibition at 100 % w/v for the test organisms are 10 – 28 mm for E. coli, 13 – 26 mm for Salmonella, 17 – 27 mm for Staphylococcus aureus, and 11 – 25 mm for Klebsiella with S. aureus being more sensitive to the honey samples. The range of pH for physicochemical is 2.51 – 3.87, Total Titratable Acidity 0.07 – 0.53 percent, Acidity 1.20 – 6.77 %, and the ranges for proximate analyses are 1.09 – 1.59 % protein, 7.10 – 11.37 % moisture, 0.33 – 0.63 % Ash, 0.20 – 0.30 % fat, 83.71 – 91.11 % carbohydrate, and 342.95 – 371.20 kcal/g energy. There was significant correlation recorded between protein, moisture, ash, fat, carbohydrate and energy contents of the honey samples. All the honey samples were negative for lead, chromium, and cadmium. Copper was the only metal found, having concentrations range of 5.0 to 25.0 mg/kg. Because the majority of the samples fulfilled the Codex Alimentarius Standard for honey, they can be taken or used therapeutically.

Correlation of Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Geotechnical Field Data for Soil Profile Characterization

This study looked at the effects of compaction on resistivity values as well as the relationship between different degrees of compaction. The material used in this experiment was laterite soil. The sample was tested into a standard proctor mould. The model has 10.20cm diameter and 11.6 cm for height of the mould. Each sample's resistivity was measured entirely compacted.The resistivity testing in this study were conducted using the Miller 400A. ASTM D 422 Standards were used, and for electrical resistivity testing, ASTM G57 is used. This research emphasises the impact of moisture content on resistivity value, as soil reduces resistivity value when the soil has higher moisture content which is 120 Ωm at 37%, and 190 Ωm at 25%. By comparing the results of different moisture content of soil samples under varied degrees of compaction, better resistivity interpretation tables may be generated.

Exploring the Influence of Locations on Cyanide, Moisture and Microbial Loads of Gari Produced from five Major Processing Areas in Abia State, Nigeria


 This study investigated the cyanide, moisture and microbial content of white and yellow gari sampled from the five market locations using standard analytical methods. Cyanide levels of white gari samples from Ndoki market location was least (0.122mgHCN) and highest (0.429mgHCN) in Isialangwa market location. Yellow gari samples had the least cyanide content (0.121mgHCN) in Ndoki market location and highest (0.373mgHCN) in Isialangwa market location. Moisture content of white gari samples was least (6.32%) in Ndoki market location and highest (10.16%) in Ndoro market location while yellow gari was least (5.82%) in Uzuakili market location and highest (11.26%) in Ariara market location. Total bacterial count of white gari was least (2.15cfu/g) in Ndoki market location and highest (3.10cfu/g) in Ariara market location. Yellow gari sample was least (2.40cfu/g) in Ndoki market location and highest (3.20cfu/g) in Ariara market location. Total fungi count of white gari was least (1.16cfu/g) in Ndoki market location and highest (2.70cfu/g) in Ariara market location while the yellow gari cyanide was least (1.07cfu/g) in Ndoki market location and highest (2.90cfu/g) in Ariara market location. All the quality indexes evaluated varied significantly (p<005) with market locations and lower than recommended safe limits.

Effect of Atomic Layer Coating on the Stability of Solid Myoglobin Formulations.

The effects of atomic layer (ALC) coating on physical properties and storage stability were examined in solid powders containing myoglobin, a model protein. Powders containing myoglobin and mannitol (1:1 w/w) were prepared by lyophilization or spray drying and subjected to aluminum oxide or silicon oxide ALC coating. Uncoated samples of these powders as well as coated and uncoated samples of myoglobin as received served as controls. After preparation (t0), samples were analyzed for moisture content, reconstitution time, myoglobin secondary structure, crystallinity, and protein aggregate content. Samples were stored for 3 months (t3) under controlled conditions (53% RH, 40 °C) in both open and closed vials and then analyzed as above. At t3, the recovery of soluble native (i.e., monomeric) protein depended on formulation, coating type, and drying method and was up to 2-fold greater in coated samples than in uncoated controls. Promisingly, some samples with high recovery also showed low soluble aggregate content (<10%) at t3 and low total monomer loss; the latter was correlated to sample moisture content. Overall, the results demonstrate that ALC coatings can stabilize solid protein formulations during storage, providing benefits over uncoated controls.

Application of beekeeping products in the technology of raw smoked sausages

The safety of fermented sausage products is due to the elimination of a number of risks of biological origin, mainly of a microbiological nature. One of the most promising directions for the development of barrier technologies is the use of starter cultures and the biologically active substances produced by them in the production of fermented meat products. The research aims to study the influence of starter cultures and honey on a complex of physico-chemical, structuralmechanical, organoleptic indicators and nutritional value of raw smoked sausages. The article presents changes in the physical and chemical parameters of raw smoked sausages when using starter cultures in combination with different types of honey. When performing the work, 4 types of honey were used: from sunflower, phacelia, honeydew honey and from medicinal herbs. At the first stage of research, the proportion of honey application and the type of starter crops were selected. The next stage of the study was to determine the impact of the starter cultures included in the product BIOSTART PLUS 50 (lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus Sake and yeasts Debaryomyces Hansenii) and honey on moisture loss during fermentation of raw smoked sausages, physicochemical parameters of finished products. Determination of moisture content in samples was carried out by drying in a drying cabinet at a temperature of 103±2°C. Conducted studies prove that the use of the product BIOSTART PLUS 50 (lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus Sakei and yeasts Debaryomyces Hansenii) and honey allows shortening the ripening and drying technological process. A comparative analysis of manufactured raw-smoked sausages in terms of nutritional value makes it possible to state that manufactured raw-smoked sausages with the addition of honey meet the requirements of the standard. The results of the set of studies carried out in this work showed that the use of a composition of lactic acid bacteria and yeast with the use of honey as a source of carbohydrates will allow intensifying the technological process and improve the quality of finished products

Physico-chemical, sensory, and microbiological quality of raw chicken meat: an exploratory study in the Hisar city of Haryana, India.

A survey was conducted in Hisar, located in Haryana, India, to assess the quality of raw chicken meat. To ensure comprehensive coverage, healthy broiler chickens were obtained from various meat retail outlets in Hisar city, encompassing the majority of such establishments. Additionally, a sample of control chickens was obtained from the Livestock Farm, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, Haryana, India. The raw chicken meat was grouped into two categories, breast cut and thigh cut. The breast muscles, which include pectoralis major and pectoralis minor, and the thigh muscles, which include the abductor muscles, were chosen as the samples for proximate analysis, which included physico-chemical, sensory, and microbiological analyses of raw chicken meat. The analysis of the raw meat in the laboratory revealed inconsistent variations between the control and retail samples in terms of parameters, such as proximate composition, pH, the water-holding capacity (WHC), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), instrumental color analysis, and sensory evaluation. The moisture content of the control breast sample was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the samples from shops 2, 3, and 5. However, it was statistically similar to that of the samples from shops 1, 4, and 6. The total plate and psychrotrophic counts of the control thigh sample were significantly lower than those of the samples from shops 3, 4, 5, and 6. Among the thigh pH values, the samples from shops 1, 2, 5, and 6 had significantly higher pH values than the control sample. The variations in the various parameters were multifactorial and established the superiority of birds slaughtered under laboratory conditions and grown in university farms compared to the raw chicken meat available in retail outlets in Hisar city.

Pharmacognostic Standardization and Physicochemical Evaluation of Premna barbata Wall. Ex Schauer leaves from Western Himalaya

Premna barbata Wall. ex Schauer; belongs to family Lamiaceae. It is a deciduous shrub or a tree. The plant is distributed in the forest area of the eastern and northern parts of India in tropical and subtropical Asia, Africa, Australia and the Pacific Island. It is found in the Shivalik tract and the lower Himalaya. The present work has been undertaken to establish the pharmacognostical parameter of P. barbata leaves. The leaf samples were subjected to organoleptic and microscopic analysis. Physico-chemical properties and fluorescence analysis of the sample under UV were studied as per World Health Organization norms. Hydroalcoholic extract was prepared and subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity. Morphological observations revealed that the leaves are simple, petiolate, opposite, reticulate venation, 5.0-5.2 cm long, ovate in shape, entire margin with acute apex. Microscopic analysis showed that the leaves are dorsiventral, uniseriate covering trichomes present on upper and lower epidermis. Vascular bundle existing was of open and bicollateral type and pith was composed of loosely packed, comparatively large round parenchyma cells etc. Parameters like ash and extractive values, moisture content and fluorescent characteristics of the leaf samples were determined and reported. The extract revealed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins and phenolic compounds. The standardization parameters studied in the present investigation will aid in the identification and will be helpful in maintaining the standard profile of Premna barbata.

Organoleptic and Biochemical Analysis of Traditional and Customized Product of Shidhils

A detailed survey was conducted to collect information on the present status of traditional preparation procedure of Shidhil at the Northern region of Bangladesh. A total of 10 samples of traditionally prepared Shidhil was collected from Rangpur, Kurigram and Nilphamari districts and brought to the Department of Fisheries Technology in zipper polythene packets. Proximate composition of the traditionally prepared Shidhil showed that, percent moisture content in Rangpur samples was higher than other samples whereas the percent protein found higher in kurigram samples. Customized product of improved Shidhils were prepared in the same laboratory with kachki (Corica soborna), mola (Amblypharyngodon mola), punti (Puntius ticto) and mixture of these three species of fishes. The survey on traditional preparation procedure of Shidhil revealed that the traditional preparation procedure of Shidhil is quite similar among the districts though there were some differences in shape and weight. Variations were observed in the price of Shidhils per piece and it ranged from 10 to 40 taka/piece. No wholesaler could be found in the marketing channel of Shidhil and it is prepared mostly for home consumption. The biochemical study of the improved Shidhils showed that the percent mean value of moisture, protein lipid and ash of dried fishes obtained at the initial stage changed while Shidhil was prepared using these dry fishes. In the case of kachki fish percent moisture content increased from were 16.12 to 23.84. The percent mean value of protein of dried punti fish were 51.48 which decreased to 41.07% after preparing Shidhil. On the other hand, the percent lipid value was 15.08 for dried mola which increased to 24.25 in mola Shidhil. In the case of mixture of three species of these fishes the percent mean value of ash was 12.73 which decreased 10.38 after preparing Shidhil.&#x0D; J. of Sci. and Tech. Res. 4(1): 01-12, 2022

Moisture absorption of 3D-printed PETG plastic samples

Introduction. The additive manufacturing method implies the emergence of emergent properties in the final product, not inherent in the original elements of the system individually. Performance properties of products obtained by FDM-printing are defined not only by the material properties, but also by printing parameters — nozzle and table temperature, layer thickness, printing speed, the direction of laying layers, their relative positioning, etc. Thus, when designing 3D-printed polymer products with the required characteristics one should consider the material – printing parameters system together. The results of the study of the effect of sorption characteristics of 3D-printed PETG plastic samples made by FDM-printing on their elastic-strength properties are presented.&#x0D; &#x0D; Materials and methods. Three groups of FDM-printed PETG 3D specimens were studied. Collection, preprocessing, analysis, statistical processing and visualization of the data were performed using Python programming language in an interactive Jupyter Notebook development environment.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results. It was found that the moisture content of 3D-printed polymer samples could be conventionally divided into the superstructural and microstructural levels. A comparison of moisture content limits in different moisture saturation conditions shows that the former exceeds the latter by 2 to 6 times depending on the specimen printing parameters. Moisture content of superstructure level has no statistically significant (for α = 0.01) effect on the ultimate tensile strength of the samples, regardless of the printing parameters of the samples. The moisture sorbed by the level of substructure presumably can act as a stress concentrator preventing the free flow of specimens beyond the ultimate tensile strength, which is reflected in the reduction of elongation at rupture.&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusions. The obtained results allow taking into account the influence of moisture state on the elastic-strength properties of 3D printed articles and structures on the basis of PETG-plastics. This, in its turn, contributes to more accurate prediction of their behavior under real operating conditions.

The Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from Olive Pomace Using Green Extraction Processes

In this study, solid olive mill waste (SOMW) was used to obtain antioxidant compounds using solid–liquid extraction. The effect of different extraction methods, namely microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), Soxhlet, and conventional solvent extraction, on the yield, total phenolics, and total antioxidant activity of SOMW extracts was investigated. Untreated and dried SOMW were subjected to extraction with water and methanol. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using the DPPH assay, while their total phenolic content was measured using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. For the characterisation of the extracts, HPLC-DAD analysis was performed. The results showed that the extraction yield was significantly influenced (p &lt; 0.05) by the solvent used, the material treatment prior to extraction, the moisture content of SOMW samples, and the extraction time. The optimised parameters were water, as the extraction solvent, and MAE as the extraction technique (extraction temperature of 50 °C and time of 1 h). The evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the extracts indicated that phenolics were the dominant bioactive compounds. The extracts were found to be rich in several hydroxytyrosol derivatives. Therefore, SOMW can be a valuable resource for bioactive compounds using conventional and innovative extraction techniques.

Influence of the External Environment on the Moisture Spectrum of Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) KARST.)

The fluctuation of relative humidity and temperature in the surrounding environments of wood products is an important parameter influencing their mechanical properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the complex relationship between the moisture content and mechanical properties of wood as a critical aspect in the design of durable and reliable structures. Over a period of 669 days, a simulated type of experiment was conducted, during which the moisture content and external temperature were continuously measured in a compact profile of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) KARST.). The data were processed using quadratic and cubic models to establish a predictive model. It was found that the quadratic models slightly outperformed the cubic models when considering time lags greater than six days. The final model demonstrated a significant improvement in explaining the variance of the dependent variable compared to the basic model. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that understanding the relationship between the moisture content and temperature of wood samples plays an important role in wood’s efficient use, particularly for timber constructions. This understanding is vital for accurately predicting the mechanical characteristics of wood, which, in turn, contributes to the development of more durable and reliable structures.

Characterisation of Minerals and Other Properties of Mukah Coal

An increase in human population correlates with an increase in demand for energy. Coal has been a vital energy source for human populations for millennia, where it has played a major role in various industries, especially in the thermal-based industries. Coal is found in all three geographical provinces of Malaysia: Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak, and Sabah. However, at most, the widespread and abundant occurrences of coal are found in Sarawak, especially in Mukah. The age of the coal deposits found in Mukah has instigated research that focuses mainly on the characterization of minerals and other properties in the coal, where those findings could be used to propose coal usage in other types of industries. To achieve those objectives, this research starts with a theoretical approach by discussing the coalification process, followed by understanding the types of coal produced from this process. Basic coal analysis, visual inspection, proximate analysis, XRD, SEM-EDX, and FTIR analysis were done to achieve all theobjectives. At the end of the research, it was found that the Mukah coal sample is denser and has a higher gold content compared to the commercial coal sample. It was seen that the commercial coal possessed a high caloric value compared to the Mukah coal.This may be due to the high moisture and silicone content in the coal sample as it is mined directly from the earth. Overall, the Mukah coal sample could be used for other industries, like the fertilizer industry, rather than just being used to generate electricity by burning.

Mode I fracture properties of thermally-modified spruce wood (Picea abies) at different moisture contents

ABSTRACT The influence of moisture content and density on fracture properties of unmodified and thermally modified spruce wood (Picea abies) has been investigated. Thermal modification was done at 180 °C, 200 °C, and 230 °C, and samples were conditioned at 20%, 44%, 76%,% and 88% relative humidity. Double cantilever beam specimens with TL and RL orientation were used for testing. The crack length was determined via digital image correlation, and the compliance of the specimen was determined via multiple loading-unloading cycles of the specimen. The strain energy release rate was calculated, which decreased with an increasing degree of modification and increased with increasing wood moisture content. The analysis showed that the strain energy release rate increased more with wood moisture content for unmodified samples, while the dependence of the release rate on moisture was less obvious for modified samples. The strain energy release rate values are higher in the TL orientation than in the RL orientation, while the crack length has no significant influence. The highest strain energy release rate was 0.256 N/mm for the unmodified TL specimens exposed to 88% relative humidity, and the lowest was 0.071 N/mm for the RL orientation of the thermally modified specimens at 230 °C and then exposed to 88% relative humidity. From all measurements, functions were fitted to calculate the strain energy release rate as a function of orientation, degree of modification, moisture content, and density of the spruce wood, which can be used to calculate the strain energy release rate for any combination of the factors studied.

Monitoring and modelling of moisture content with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)

Abstract This study aims to evaluate the variation of the moisture content and drying rate over time, temperature, and position by NMR techniques. Chickpea puree was selected for drying, and the drying experiments were performed at 50–70 °C for 3 h using cylindrical shaped samples with dimensions of 6 cm × 1 cm. The moisture contents of samples were measured using oven, time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods. The change in moisture content and drying rate with temperature and position was evident. Hence, the drying rates ranged at 0.34–0.44 kgH2O/m2h and drying times were estimated as 440–320 min for 50–70 °C and r = 1–3 cm. It was concluded that TD-NMR and MRI methods were effective, high-sensitive and precise in estimating moisture content during chickpea drying process.

Association between CBR and Soil Index Properties: Empirical Analysis from Chitwan and Makwanpur District Soil Samples

The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value is a crucial soil parameter in road construction and design. Obtaining representative CBR values is challenging, requiring time-consuming and expensive testing procedures. To address this issue, regression equations were developed to establish correlations between CBR and soil index properties. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the soaked CBR, Liquid Limit (LL), Plastic Limit (PL), Plasticity Index (PI), Maximum Dry Density (MDD), and Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) of soil samples. Regression models were then created between CBR and different sets of soil index properties using Microsoft Excel 2007. Strong correlations were observed between soaked CBR, PL, PI, OMC, and MDD (R2 = 0.744); CBR, LL, PL, OMC, and MDD (R2 = 0.702); CBR, PI, OMC, and MDD (R2 = 0.643); CBR, LL, OMC, and MDD (R2 = 0.621); and CBR, OMC, and MDD (R2 = 0.602). Among all equations, the relation CBR = 0.72 PL – 1.22 PI + 2.34 OMC + 106.97 MDD – 222.46 exhibited the strongest correlation with a P-value of 0.005 and R2 of 0.744.

Effects of sprouted soybeans and ginger on soymilk quality attributes via a developed dual-powered milk pasteurizer

Soymilk market has achieved tremendous progress in consumption and sales due to its inexpensiveness and soymilk protein content. However, due to the present global health crisis, there is a need to further devise means of enriching the quality of soymilk. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sprouted soybeans and ginger on soymilk quality and sensory attributes. A developed dual -powered milk pasteurizer was used to produce the soymilk. Soybeans, a mixture of soybeans and sprouted soybeans, and sprouted soybeans were interacted with peeled ginger and whole ginger rhizome using Taguchi experimental design to produce nine soymilk samples. The proximate composition, calorific value, total phenolic content and phytic acid content of the soymilk samples were determined using standard procedures. The moisture content of the soymilk samples ranged from 80.85 to 83.78%, crude protein content (7.47 – 9.54%), ash content (0.72 – 1.27%), fibre content (0.24 – 0.73%), crude fat (0.24 - 5.44%), carbohydrate content (1.29 -6.82%) and calorific value (67.6 kcal/g - 91.58 kcal/g). The total phenolic content and phytic acid content ranged from 4.81 mg/l to 11.88 GAE mg/l and 26.77 to 41.86 mg/l, respectively. The soymilk produced from the mixture of sprouted soybeans and un-sprouted soybeans with the addition of either whole or peeled ginger significantly increased the crude protein content, ash content, calorific value and total phenolic content to 9.54%, 1.27%, 91.58 kcal/g and 11.88 GAE mg/l, respectively. In addition, it increased the overall sensory acceptability of soymilk. Conclusively, the use of sprouted soybeans and the addition of ginger should be encouraged to promote a more enriched soymilk beverage. Also, the developed dual-powered milk pasteuriser could be adopted for soymilk production.