Modulus Of Glass Research Articles

Effect of alkali dosage and silicate modulus on the deterioration of alkali-activated concrete properties subjected to sodium chloride attack and freeze thaw cycles

The deterioration mechanism of alkali-activated slag-fly ash-steel slag concrete (AAC) under sodium chloride attack and freeze-thaw (SF-T) cycles was investigated through a multi-scale methodology. Results showed that appropriate water glass modulus and higher Na2O dosage increased the compressive strength and salt-frost resistance of AAC. The mass loss in AAC was concentrated in the first 100 SF-T cycles, but PCC increases linearly with the SF-T cycles. The salt-frost resistance of PCC was similar to that of AAC samples Na2O dosage of 5 %. Higher Na2O dosage reduces the amount of unreacted precursor, thus reducing the porosity and improving the pore structure of concrete. However, increasing Na2O dosage has not limited the crack development, and the crack width in AAC was greater than in PCC after SF-T cycles. The porosity and average pore size of the concrete increased after SF-T cycles. Friedel's salt was only present in PCC, and NaCl crystals were observed in AAC.

Progress in Researching the Ability of Geopolymer Concrete to Withstand a Penetration of Chloride Ions

Geopolymer concrete is an innovative environmentally friendly construction material, and the transportation of chloride ions plays a crucial role in determining its durability. This study provides a summary of the characteristics and limitations of the test techniques used to measure the resistance of geopolymer concrete to the permeability of chloride ions, based on the introduction of the chloride ion transport mechanism in geopolymer concrete. This text provides an overview of the features and constraints of the test techniques used to assess the resistance of geopolymer concrete to chloride ion permeability. It also explores the connections between the mechanism of chloride ion transport and the resistance of geopolymer concrete to chloride ion permeability. This paper provides a concise overview of the properties and constraints of the test methods used to measure the resistance of geopolymer concrete to chloride ion permeability. It also discusses the factors that can affect the chloride ion permeability resistance of geopolymer concrete and presents a comparison between different methods. The article continues by highlighting that the chloride transport model of geopolymer concrete is complex. The essay continues by highlighting the chloride transport model of geopolymer concrete, specifically focusing on the impact of individual parameters such as high temperature, freezing-thaw cycles, and the resistance of geopolymer concrete to chloride ion permeability. The study investigates the impact of freeze-thaw cycles, alkali admixture, and water glass modulus on the resistance of geopolymer concrete to chloride penetration. The infiltration of chloride, as well as the precision of determining the concentration border of chloride ions for colour rendering, require further in-depth investigation.

Electronegativity, susceptibility, and radiation shielding features of thulium reinforced barium-cadmium-lithium-borate glasses

The chemical composition of the following glass system 75Li2B4O7-10CdO-(15-x)BaO- 𝑥𝑥Tm2O3 (0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 2) mol.% has been fabricated using a traditional melt quenching procedure. The density of the synthesis samples has been measured and it enhanced with the rising Tm2O3 content. All the fabricated specimens form glass and the amorphous state have been confirmed the XRD. The spectroscopic investigation indicates an increase in the energy gap from 3.08 to 3.25 eV with increasing Tm2O3 concentrations. The refractive index, basicity and static and infinity of dielectric constant were taken place of present investigated. The ultrasonic velocities of the prepared glasses are increased. Consequently, the elastic modulus of glasses has been enhanced. MCNP5, XCOM, and Phy-X/PSD code were used to characterize the efficiency of the fabricated glass against gamma radiation. Indeed, an increase in Tm2O3 content in samples correlated with an increase in MAC values. Consequently, the gamma-radiation attenuation rate of the samples was enhanced by the addition of Tm2O3, and the protective qualities were improved.

Preparation and application of alkali-activated cementitious materials in solidification/stabilization of chromite ore processing residue.

Chromite ore processing residue (COPR) is a typical hazardous waste, which contains Cr(vi) and poses a great threat to the ecological environment and human health. In this study, solidification/stabilization (S/S) of COPR was carried out by using blast furnace slag (BFS) and fly ash (FA) to prepare alkali-activated cementitious materials (AACM). The influence of different factors (water glass modulus, liquid-solid ratio, alkali-solid content and curing temperature) on compressive strength was investigated by single-factor experiment. Additionally, solidification effect of AACM was determined according to the compressive strength and the leaching concentration of chromium (Cr(vi) and total Cr). According to the optimal conditions of the single-factor experiment, the highest compressive strength of 147.6 MPa was obtained after using the water glass modulus 1.0, liquid-solid ratio 0.28, alkali-solid content 8%, curing temperature 45 °C. The COPR was solidified in the AACM sample having highest compressive strength. The solidified body still has a good mechanical property (38.2 MPa) with 60% addition COPR. According to leaching tests, the leaching of Cr(vi) and total Cr of solidified body with 50% COPR was far lower than the limit value, which met the purpose of construction and landfill disposal. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis proved that heavy metal chromium was solidified in AACM by physical and chemical means.

Effect of Steel Slag on the Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag Material: A Comparative Study with Fly Ash.

Slag and fly ash (FA) are mostly used as precursors for the production of alkali-activated materials (AAMs). FA is the waste discharged by power plants, while slag and steel slag (SS) both belong to the iron and steel industry. The effects of SS and FA on the strength, microstructure, and volume stability of alkali-activated slag (AAS) materials with different water glass modulus (Ms) values were comparatively investigated. The results show that adding SS or FA decreases the compressive strength of AAS mortar, and the reduction effect of SS is more obvious at high Ms. SS or FA reduce the non-evaporable water content (Wn) of AAS paste. However, SS increases the long-term Wn of AAS paste at low Ms. The cumulative pore volume and porosity increase after adding SS or FA, especially after adding FA. The hydration products are mainly reticular C-(A)-S-H gels. Adding SS increases the Ca/Si ratio of C-(A)-S-H gel but decreases the Al/Si ratio. However, by mixing FA, the Ca/Si ratio is reduced and the Al/Si ratio is almost unchanged. The incorporation of SS or FA reduces the drying shrinkage of AAS mortar, especially when SS is added. Increasing Ms increases the compressive strength and improves the pore structure, and it significantly increases the drying shrinkage of all samples. This study provides theoretical guidance for the application of steel slag in the alkali-activated slag material.

Preparation and microstructure analysis of alkali-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag-steel slag grouting materials

To solve the problems of large storage requirements for iron and steel solid waste piles, environmental pollution, and low utilization, an alkali-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS)-steel slag (SS) grouting material (AAGM) was prepared, quicklime was used as an additive, and the activity of SS and GGBFS was activated by NaOH and water glass. Through a full factor analysis test, the effects of alkali content (AC), GGBFS/SS, and quicklime content (QC) on the fluidity, initial setting time (IST), and final setting time (FST) of AAGM were investigated. The strength formation mechanism of AAGM was analyzed using mechanical property testing, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These studies showed that the fluidity of the slurry decreased with increasing QC, AC, and GGBFS/SS, and the IST and FST of the slurry continuously shorten with increasing QC, increasing AC, and decreasing GGBFS/SS. The 28-day unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of AAGM decreased with decreasing QC and increasing AC, and first increased and then decreased with increasing GGBFS/SS. As the age increased, the hydration reaction inside the specimen was sufficient and the compactness was stronger, reducing the porosity inside the specimen; the hydration products inside AAGM were mainly plate-like crystals (anhydrite, calcite), a small amount of columnar crystals (ettringite), and a large amount of gel-like substances (C-S-H/C-A-S-H) attached to its surface. When the GGBFS/SS ratio was 1:1.3, the QC was 3 %, the AC was 13 %, the water glass modulus was 1.6, and the water/cement ratio was 0.6; additionally, the fluidity, IST, FST, and 28-day UCS of AAGM were 137 mm, 255 min, 280 min, and 27.07 MPa, respectively, which can meet various performance indicators required for engineering grouting.

Mechanical Performance Optimization and Microstructural Mechanism Study of Alkali-Activated Steel Slag–Slag Cementitious Materials

The optimal proportion of alkali-activated steel slag–slag cementitious materials is investigated by considering the combined effects of steel slag content, alkali content, water glass modulus, and water–binder ratio using the Box–Behnken design in response surface methodology. Qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) images are conducted. The microstructural mechanism is elucidated based on the chemical composition, surface morphology, and microscale pore (crack) structures of the samples. A microreaction model for the alkali-activated steel slag and slag is proposed. The optimal composition for alkali-activated steel slag–slag cementitious materials is as follows: steel slag content, 38.60%; alkali content, 6.35%; water glass modulus, 1.23; and water–binder ratio, 0.48. The strength values predicted by the response surface model are p1d = 32.66 MPa, p7d = 50.46 MPa, and p28d = 56.87 MPa. XRD analysis confirms that the compressive strength of the sample is not only influenced by the amount of gel formed, but also, to a certain extent, by the CaCO3 crystals present in the steel slag, which act as nucleation sites. The SEM-EDS results confirm that the gel phase within the system comprises a hydrated calcium silicate gel formed through the reaction of volcanic ash and geopolymer gel formed through geo-polymerization. Analysis of the pore (crack) structure reveals that the compressive strength of the specimens is primarily influenced by porosity, with a secondary influence of the pore fractal dimension.

Preparation mechanism and properties of thermal activated red mud and its geopolymer repair mortar

In order to realize resourceful utilization of red mud in environmentally friendly building materials, variation and mechanism of the reactivity with activated temperature were studied. Moreover, red mud geopolymer repair mortars were produced with activated red mud as main precursor, and the effect mechanism of water glass modulus and slag replacement ratio on their mechanical properties were clarified. Results show that dicalcium silicate is formed at 700 °C, the Si-O and Al-O bonds of aluminosilicate were broken and reduces in polymerization during thermal activation of red mud, resulting in an increase in activity index from 0.69 to 0.85. With water glass module increasing, mechanical properties of red mud geopolymer repair mortar ascends first and then decline, reaching the best when the module is 1.6, and further optimizes by the participation of slag. When replacement ratio of slag is 30 wt%, the compressive strength, flexural strength and interfacial bonding strength of red mud geopolymer repair mortar curing for 28 days are 58.5 MPa, 10.5 MPa, and 6.26 MPa, increase 77%, 114% and 58% comparing with the reference, respectively. After that, there is no discernible growth in the aforementioned properties. The incorporation of slag increases the integrity and denseness of the hardened red mud geopolymer at various curing ages, and thus improved its mechanical properties.

Algorithm for accurate shear relaxation modulus analysis in glass viscoelasticity characterization

AbstractNumerical simulation of the glass molding process and analysis of material viscoelasticity are growing increasingly significant as the research on optical‐device glass molding intensifies. An accurate and efficient analytical algorithm for the shear relaxation modulus in the viscoelasticity characterization of glass was developed in this study. We measured the high‐temperature creep curve, friction coefficient, and elastic modulus of glass (D‐LaF50) according to the requirements for viscoelasticity characterization. The viscoelastic behavior of glass was characterized based on the analytical algorithm and test results. A finite element analysis model was developed to verify the accuracy of the analytical algorithm. The results show that the error of the proposed algorithm's numerical simulation compared to the test results is within 5%.

Synthesis of Porous Materials Using Magnesium Slag and Their Adsorption Performance for Lead Ions in Aqueous Solution.

Magnesium slag-based porous materials (MSBPM) were successfully synthesized using alkali activation and foaming methods as an effective adsorbent for Pb2+ in solution. The effects of foaming agent type, foaming agent dosage, alkali dosage, and water glass modulus on the properties of the MSBPM were studied, and the micromorphology and porosity of the MSBPM were observed using microscopy. The influence of pH value, initial concentration, and adsorbent dosage on the Pb2+ adsorption was investigated. The results showed that a porous material (MSBPM-H2O2) with high compressive strength (8.46 MPa) and excellent Pb2+ adsorption capacity (396.11 mg·g-1) was obtained under the optimal conditions: a H2O2 dosage of 3%, an alkali dosage of 9%, a water glass modulus of 1.3, and a liquid-solid ratio of 0.5. Another porous material (MSBPM-Al) with a compressive strength of 5.27 MPa and the Pb2+ adsorption capacity of 424.89 mg·g-1 was obtained under the optimal conditions: an aluminum powder dosage of 1.5‱, an alkali dosage of 8%, a water glass modulus of 1.0, and a liquid-solid ratio of 0.5. When the pH of the aqueous solution is 6 and the initial Pb2+ concentrations are 200~500 mg·L-1, the MSBPM-H2O2 and MSBPM-Al can remove more than 99% of Pb2+ in the solution. The adsorption process of both materials followed the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that the adsorption process was a single-molecule layer chemical adsorption.

Experimental Study on the Synergistic Solidification of Soft Soil with Ceramic Powder–Slag–Phosphorus Slag

The bearing capacity of silt soft soil is poor, making it difficult for it to be used as a subgrade material in foundation engineering, and the use of traditional Portland cement curing agents causes environmental pollution. In this study, a new soft soil curing agent, CSP (ceramic powder–slag–phosphorus slag), was prepared using ceramic powder, slag, and phosphorus slag. The unconfined compressive strength of 7-day was determined via an orthogonal test, and the optimal ratio of the curing agent was determined. The effects of the initial water content, curing agent content, admixture type, and admixture content on the mechanical properties of solidified soil were investigated via a uniaxial compression test. The microstructure characteristics of the solidified soil were analyzed via XRD and SEM-EDS, and the mechanism by which ceramic powder–slag–phosphorus slag acted as a curing agent to increase the strength of the soft soil was explored. The results show that the optimal ratio of the curing agent for the inorganic binder is ceramic powder/slag/phosphorus slag = 3:2:1, the best water glass modulus is 1 mold, the best water glass content is 26%, and the 7-day compressive strength can reach 2.382 MPa; the strength of the solidified soil decreases with an increase in the water content and increases with an increase in the curing agent content. When the water content is 35% and the curing agent content is 14%, the strength of the solidified soil can meet the requirements of relevant specifications. When the content of triisopropanolamine was 2.0% and 1.5%, the compressive strength of the 7-day and 28-day solidified soil specimens increased most significantly. The ceramic powder–slag–phosphorus slag can promote the formation of aggregates and amorphous hydration products (C-S-H, C-A-H), be distributed on the surface of the soil and fill the pores, and enhance the cementation between the particles, improving the compactness of the soil structure. In terms of the macroscopic performance, the mechanical properties of the solidified soil were significantly improved. Therefore, CSP curing agents can be promoted and applied as green, economical, environmentally friendly, and low-carbon curing materials in soft soil roadbed engineering.

Effect of tempering process on elastic modulus of soda-lime-silica glass

The tempering process strengthens the bending strength and impact strength of the glass, but it alters the elastic modulus of glass as well. Aim of this study is to investigate the variations in the elastic modulus of soda-lime-silica (SLS) glass after tempering. The elastic modulus of intact SLS glass is measured using the elastic support-free end beam test method. Additionally, the elastic modulus of broken SLS glass that had released the tempering stress is measured using nanoindentation. The experimental results show the tempering process reduces the elastic modulus of SLS glass, the reduction is related to the tempering level and glass thickness, the existence of tempered stress does not influence the elastic modulus of tempered SLS glass. Finally, the mechanism of variation in the elastic modulus of tempered glass is elucidated. Ignoring the effect of tempering will lead the elastic modulus of the SLS glass to be wrongly estimated.

Properties and microstructure development of alkali- activated coal bottom ash and titanium- extraction tailing slag binder

In this study, ground coal bottom ash (CBA) and titanium-extraction tailing slag (TS) were used as source materials to prepare alkali- activated materials (AAMs). The effects of grinding time on the properties of CBA and TS were investigated, and it was found that the optimum reactivity of CBA and TS appeared at specific surface areas of 700 ∼ 800 m2/kg. The influence of alkali content and modulus of water glass, water–solid mass (w/b) ratios and TS content on the fresh and hardening properties of AAMs were investigated. Furthermore, the reaction process of the binder was conducted by using XRD, FT-IR, SEM and hydration heat. Results showed that increasing the alkali content, reducing modulus of water glass, and adding TS into system could promote the reaction of AAM. A binder with more desirable properties was prepared at alkali content of 12%, water glass modulus of 1.2, w/b ratio of 0.45 and TS content of 20%. Its compressive strength at 7 d and 28 d was 20.8 MPa and 25.9 MPa, respectively. Microstructure analysis showed that the reaction products of binder contained AFm, N-A-S-H gel, C-S-H gel and C-A-S-H gel. This research tried to provide a fundamental basis for preparing clinker-free cement concrete from local industrial wastes to achieve sustainable development.

Influence of mix proportioning parameters and curing regimes on the properties of ultra-high strength alkali-activated concrete

This study investigates the influence of mix proportioning parameters and curing regimes on the material properties of alkali-activated binder-based ultra-high strength concrete (AAB-UHSC). The effects of five groups of mix proportioning parameters (i.e., fly ash replacement ratio, silica fume replacement ratio, alkali to binder ratio, water glass modulus, and steel fiber content) and three curing regimes(i.e., ambient curing, standard curing, and hybrid curing) on the workability, compressive strength, flexural strength and microstructure development of AAB-UHSC were systematically evaluated. The results indicated that increasing the steel fiber and silica fume dosage negatively affected the flowability of freshly mixed AAB-UHSC. There existed an optimal alkali-to-binder ratio and water glass modulus in terms of flowability, compressive strength, and flexural strength, but the fly ash replacement ratio had a complex effect on the material performance of the AAB-UHSC. The microstructures of the specimens cured in hybrid curing regimes were denser, and fewer cracks were observed, which resulted in higher strength compared to specimens cured under ambient curing and standard curing conditions. The three types of curing regimes adopted barely alter the phases and molecular bonds of hydration products based on the XRD and FTIR results. In addition, the correlations between the compressive strength of the AAB-UHSC obtained under ambient curing conditions, standard curing conditions, and obtained under hybrid curing and standard curing conditions were analyzed, and the fitted results had higher correlation coefficients (R2).

Effects of Curing Temperature and Water Glass Modulus on the Preparation of Hierarchical Zeolite Precursors

Effects of Curing Temperature and Water Glass Modulus on the Preparation of Hierarchical Zeolite Precursors

Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, and gamma ray attenuation competencies of some TeO2–WO3–GdF3 glasses: Tailoring WO3–GdF3 substitution toward optimum behavioral state range

Abstract We report the mechanical properties, elastic moduli, and gamma ray attenuation properties of some TeO2–WO3–GdF3 glasses. Using the chemical composition of the selected glasses, the dissociation energy per unit volume (G t ) and the packing density (V t ) were calculated. Using the G t and V t values, Young’s, Shear, Bulk, Longitudinal Modulus, and Poisson’s ratio of the glasses are calculated. Next several fundamental gamma ray attenuation properties such as linear and mass attenuation coefficients, half value layer, mean free path, effective atomic number, effective electron density, effective conductivity, exposure, and energy absorption buildup factors are calculated in 0.015–15 MeV energy range. As a consequence of WO3–GdF3 substitution, the glass densities are observed in different values. The overall gamma ray attenuation properties are found to be enhanced through WO3 addition. Moreover, the increasing WO3 incorporation into glass configuration decreases the overall elastic moduli of glasses. It can be concluded that increasing WO3 may be a useful tool for enhancing the gamma ray attenuation qualities and decreasing the elastic moduli of TeO2–WO3–GdF3 in situations where a material with versatile mechanical properties is required.

Effect of annealing on thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)

AbstractEffects of annealing temperature (Ta: 80–140°C) and time (ta: 3‐30 h) on the crystalline phase transition in poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). In the DSC curves, the sample annealed at Ta = 80°C with time interval (ta: 10–30 h) demonstrates a peculiarly small exothermal peak (Texo) around 130°C, just prior to the melting point, corresponding to the disorder‐to‐order (α’‐to‐α) phase transition, while the sample annealed at temperature (Ta: 90–110°C) shows a double melting behavior considered as the α’‐α phase transition. Towards low temperatures, the glass modulus Eg reported by DMA thermograms, shows an important increase (~30,000 MPa) at Ta = 80°C for ta = 3 h, due to the extremely high self‐nucleation density in low‐crystallized PLA materials. After a sharp drop to 3600 MPa at Ta = 110°C, a marked improvement of Eg (15,900 MPa) is observed around Ta = 120°C for all samples, regardless of time ta. This interesting effect (improvement of Eg in the range Ta = 100–120°C) can be correlated with the grow of crystallinity in the same domain of Ta, and the α’‐α phase transition Ta (Ta: 90–110°C) determined by the double Tm melting DSC peak, which is confirmed by the increase of Tg for Ta = 90–110°C.

Composition design and characterization of alkali-activated Slag–Metakaolin materials

This study explores the effects of the interactions among Na2O content, metakaolin content and activator modulus on the compressive strength and autogenous shrinkage of alkali-activated slag–metakaolin (AASM) materials. The Box–Behnken RSM design was used to create an experimental scheme, establish a model, and optimize the mix proportions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Mercury intrusion experiments were used to analyze the compositions, microstructures, and pore structures of the hydration products of the AASM, respectively. Results showed that the interactions between the activator modulus and metakaolin content, as well as Na2O content and metakaolin content, are the key factors affecting the compressive strength and autogenous shrinkage, respectively, of the AASM. Under the optimal conditions of Na2O content of 6%, sodium silicate modulus of 1.5, and metakaolin/slag ratio of 1: 3, the relative errors in the model verification test for compressive strength and autogenous shrinkage are 0% and 0.18%, respectively. In the water glass modulus and metakaolin content interaction, Ca2+, A13+, and Si4+ ions in the composite system react with several [SiO4]4− groups to form C-A-S-H and N-A-S-H gels, which fill each other to make the composite structure denser. When Na2O interacts with metakaolin, the OH− and Na+ in the solution react with A13+ and Si4+ to generate additional N-A-S-H, thereby reducing the compressive strength of the composite system, mitigating autogenous shrinkage, and increasing volume stability.

Influence of Different Parameters on the Performance of Alkali-Activated Slag/Fly Ash Composite System.

In order to study the influence law of each parameter on the performance of the alkali-activated composite gelling system, the influence degree was sorted, and the most important parameter affecting each performance was found. The solution of liquid water glass and solid sodium hydroxide was used as the alkaline activator, and the mixing ratio was designed by the orthogonal test method. The effects of four parameters of fly ash content, water glass modulus, water glass solid content, and water–solid ratio on the working performance and mechanical properties of alkali-activated slag–fly ash composite cementation system were discussed. The gelling system was studied by microscopic experiments such as SEM and FTIR. The results show that the solid content of water glass has the greatest influence on the fluidity of the composite cementitious system, and the content of fly ash is the primary factor affecting the setting time of the material. The flexural and compressive strengths at the age of 7 d and 28 d were most affected by the content of fly ash, and the solid content of water glass had the greatest influence on the flexural and compressive strengths at the age of 2 d. From the perspective of microscopic morphology, in the high-strength samples, the fly ash particles and the remaining outer shell are embedded in the gel to form a dense whole. When the amount of silica in the composite gelling system is too high, it will cause the phenomenon of low macroscopic mechanical properties.

Experimental investigation on the effect of geopolymer adhesive on the bond behavior between CFRP and concretes

AbstractThe application of geopolymer adhesive to CFRP‐strengthened the RC structure is a new green reinforcement method, and the bonding behavior of geopolymer adhesive was studied in this paper. The geopolymer mechanical properties orthogonal test was conducted and the optimal proportion was obtained, which summarized the influence of slag powder content, liquid–solid ratio, and water glass modulus. A total of 15 adhesively bonded CFRP‐concrete double‐lap joints were fabricated and tested under shear loading to investigate the effect of geopolymer adhesive on the bonding behaviors. Modified bond‐slip models of the geopolymer adhesive specimens were developed and compared with the test date. The results showed that the failure models of epoxy adhesive and geopolymer adhesive are different. The bond strength, interface stiffness, and maximum shear stress of the geopolymer adhesive specimen can reach 93.6% ~ 97.6%, 95.7% ~ 132.9%, and 91% ~ 94% of the bond strength of epoxy adhesive respectively. The predicted τmax and s0 of the proposed model are in excellent agreement with the experimental data, and the maximum deviation is −9.58%. This study proposes that geopolymer could be applied as an effective adhesive in the strengthening of RC structures.