Module Structure Research Articles

Parameter Identification in Triple-Diode Photovoltaic Modules Using Hybrid Optimization Algorithms

Identifying the parameters of a triple-diode electrical circuit structure in PV modules is a critical issue, and it has been regarded as an important research area. Accordingly, in this study, a differential evolution algorithm (DEA) is hybridized with an electromagnetism-like algorithm (EMA) in the mutation stage to enhance the reliability and efficiency of the DEA. A new formula is presented to adapt the control parameters (mutation factor and crossover rate) of the DEA. Seven different experimental data sets are used to improve the performance of the proposed differential evolution with an integrated mutation per iteration algorithm (DEIMA). The results of the proposed PV modeling method are evaluated with other state-of-the-art approaches. According to different statistical criteria, the DEIMA demonstrates superiority in terms of root mean square error and main bias error by at least 5.4% and 10%, respectively, as compared to other methods. Furthermore, the DEIMA has an average execution time of 27.69 s, which is less than that of the other methods.

AN EXAMPLE OF THE JANTZEN FILTRATION OF A D-MODULE

Abstract We compute the Jantzen filtration of a $\mathcal {D}$ -module on the flag variety of $\operatorname {\mathrm {SL}}_2(\mathbb {C})$ . At each step in the computation, we illustrate the $\mathfrak {sl}_2(\mathbb {C})$ -module structure on global sections to give an algebraic picture of this geometric computation. We conclude by showing that the Jantzen filtration on the $\mathcal {D}$ -module agrees with the algebraic Jantzen filtration on its global sections, demonstrating a famous theorem of Beilinson and Bernstein.

STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SECOND MODULE IN THE "INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH WORK" COURSE (“MEDICINE” PROGRAM)

Providing access to quality education is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations to be achieved by 2030 (Goal №4: Quality Education – “Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all”). The unique aspect of higher medical education is that its quality also supports the fulfillment of another SDG (Goal №3: Good Health and Well-being). Higher medical education is dynamic, with a growing global trend toward increasing the emphasis on scientific knowledge within educational programs. In leading countries, courses are being developed that actively incorporate the study of research methods in medicine. The introduction of new educational components aimed at developing scientific competencies in medical students represents a promising approach to improving the quality of education. The aim of this study was to analyze and characterize the structure of the second module in the course “Individual Scientific Work” within the educational and professional program “Medicine”. In preparing the manuscript, the authors employed the following general scientific theoretical research methods: analysis, synthesis, concept comparison, abstraction, and generalization. The primary goal of studying Module №2, “Methods of Researching Pathological Changes in Organs and Systems”, as part of the “Individual Scientific Work” in the educational and professional program “Medicine”, is to develop students’ skills in the methodology of conducting medical research. The thematic plan for Module №2 includes the following topics: Methods of registering functional changes in organs and systems; Methods of researching metabolic disorders; Methods of studying the development of oxidative stress in various organs and systems; Study of changes in the production and signaling of gas transmitters, including nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon monoxide. In conclusion, it should be noted that the structure and content of the second module of the course “Individual Scientific Work” in the context of professional program “Medicine”, developed by the Department of Pathophysiology at Poltava State Medical University, align with the requirements of modern higher medical education.

On rings of integer-valued rational functions

Let D ⊆ B be an extension of integral domains and E a subset of the quotient field of D. We introduce the ring of D -valued B-rational functions on E, denoted by Int B R ( E , D ) , which naturally extends the concept of integer-valued polynomials, defined as Int B R ( E , D ) : = { f ∈ B ( X ) ; f ( E ) ⊆ D } . The notion of Int B R ( E , D ) boils down to the usual notion of integer-valued rational functions when the subset E is infinite. In this paper, we aim to investigate various properties of these rings, such as prime ideals, localization, and the module structure. Furthermore, we study the transfer of some ring-theoretic properties from Int R ( E , D ) to D.

Factorization of Modules on Commutative Rings

In this article, the factorization of a torsion module structure is examined and definitions and theorems related to the uniform factorization part in modules are given. Then, the prime sub-modules of the modules that can be factorized by a single method are examined and basic definitions and theorems are given. We have also studied the module elements in written form as the product of the unreducible elements of the ring with the unreducible elements of the modules with the help of weak prime units defined on the torsion modules.

Investigating the role of non-synonymous variant D67N of ADGRE2 in chronic myeloid leukemia

BackgroundChronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a type of blood cancer that begins in the hematopoietic stem cells. It is primarily characterized by a specific chromosomal aberration, the Philadelphia chromosome. While the fusion gene is a major contributor to CML, several other genes including ADGRE2, that are reported as highly expressed in hematopoietic stem cells and could be utilized as a therapeutic marker in leukemic patients are implicated in the disease’s progression. Until recently, little research had been conducted to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with CML. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the influence of non-synonymous variants on the structure and function of the gene encoding adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E2, ADGRE2, and to evaluate their association with CML and its clinical and pathological characteristics.MethodsNon-synonymous SNPs of ADGRE2 were retrieved from the ENSEMBL, COSMIC, and gnomAD genome browsers, and the pathogenicity of deleterious variants was assessed using several established computational tools, including SIFT, CADD, REVEL, PolyPhen, and MetaLR.ResultsVarious in silico analyses explored the impact of damaging SNP on the function, stability, and structure of EGF-like modules containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like2 (EMR2) protein encoded by the ADGRE2 gene. Genotype analysis was performed on collected blood samples, revealing that altered genotype TT of variant rs765071211 (C/T) was associated significantly with CML patients compared to the control. Further in vitro and in vivo analyses suggest that this SNP holds potential for clinical translation.

Decoding Cortical Chronotopy - Comparing the Influence of Different Cortical Organizational Schemes

The brain's diverse intrinsic timescales enable us to perceive stimuli with varying temporal persistency. This study aimed to uncover the cortical organizational schemes underlying these variations, revealing the neural architecture for processing a wide range of sensory experiences. We collected resting-state fMRI, task-fMRI, and diffusion-weighted imaging data from 47 individuals. Based on this data, we extracted six organizational schemes: (1) the structural Rich Club (RC) architecture, shown to synchronize the connectome; (2) the structural Diverse Club architecture, as an alternative to the RC based on the network's module structure; (3) the functional uni-to-multimodal gradient, reflected in a wide range of structural and functional features; and (4) the spatial posterior/lateral-to-anterior/medial gradient, established for hierarchical levels of cognitive control. Also, we explored the effects of (5) structural graph theoretical measures of centrality and (6) cytoarchitectural differences. Using Bayesian model comparison, we contrasted the impact of these organizational schemes on (1) intrinsic resting-state timescales and (2) inter-subject correlation (ISC) from a task involving hierarchically nested digit sequences. As expected, resting-state timescales were slower in structural network hubs, hierarchically higher areas defined by the functional and spatial gradients, and thicker cortical regions. ISC analysis demonstrated hints for the engagement of higher cortical areas with more temporally persistent stimuli. Finally, the model comparison identified the uni-to-multimodal gradient as the best organizational scheme for explaining the chronotopy in both task and rest. Future research should explore the microarchitectural features that shape this gradient, elucidating how our brain adapts and evolves across different modes of processing.

Video Modelling Module in Improving Self-Help Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

This study aims to validate a video modelling module for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Malaysia to improve their self-help skills. The module was developed using video modelling techniques to teach these skills successfully. Focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted to gather expert opinions on the module's content and structures. The results were analyzed through content analysis, revealing that the module achieved its objectives with minimal improvements needed before validation. The module can be widely used to improve self-help skills among children with ASD in Malaysia. The study's findings will be used to enhance the module further.

Novel PCA-Based Lower-Dimensional Remapping of the Solution Space for a Genetic Algorithm Optimization: Estimating the Director Distribution in LC-Based SLM Devices

This work introduces a novel computational approach based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction of the solution space in optimisation problems with known linear interdependencies among solution variables. By creating synthetic datasets with deliberately engineered properties and applying PCA, the solution space’s remapping significantly reduces its dimensionality, leading to faster computation and more robust convergence in optimisation processes. We demonstrate this method by integrating it with a Genetic Algorithm (GA) for solving the optimal director distribution in liquid crystal (LC) devices, specifically addressing 2D and complex 3D spatial light modulator (SLM) structures such as twisted nematic liquid crystals (TN-LC) and parallel-aligned liquid crystal on silicon (PA-LCoS), respectively. The phase profiles obtained from the director vector distributions for horizontal and vertical high-frequency binary phase gratings closely match the theoretical values derived from minimising the traditional elastic Frank–Oseen functional via Euler–Lagrange equations. Beyond this specific application, our method offers a general framework for reducing computational complexity in optimisation problems by directly reducing the dimensionality of the solution space. This approach is applicable across various optimisation scenarios with well-known linear interdependencies among solution variables, enabling significant reductions in computational costs and improvements in robustness and convergence.

Action of Crossed Modules and Bar Construction

If a group $N$ acts on a set $X$, a simplicial set $Bar(X,N)$ using the usual bar construction has been provided. In this construction, if the group $N$ acts on a group $G$ via a homomorphism $f:N\rightarrow G$, then $Bar(G,N)$ has a simplicial set structure. In the case of $f$ has a crossed module structure, $Bar(G,N)$ has a normal simplicial group structure. In this work, by defining an action of a crossed module $\partial: N_1 \longrightarrow X_1$ on a homomorphism of groups $f: N_2 \longrightarrow X_2 $ via a double map $\alpha: \partial\rightarrow f$, we will construct a bisimplicial set, using the 2-dimensional version of the usual Bar construction.

Ultra 40 % optical and electrical performance enhancement of silver nanosphere array-structured radioluminescent nuclear batteries

Weak performance output is currently the major factor limiting the further development of radioluminescent nuclear batteries for sustainable and stable applications. This work proposed a method for enhancing the radiofluorescence absorption to boost the electrical output of these batteries with metal nanosphere array structures for photovoltaic modules. The radiofluorescence absorption enhancement of photovoltaic modules, the electrical output enhancement of batteries, and the fundamental enhancement mechanism of metal nanosphere array structures were investigated from multiple perspectives. Silver nanosphere array structure on the surface of the photovoltaic module could enhance the forward scattering probability of radiofluorescence generated by the radioluminescent material inside the photovoltaic module, thereby achieving a radiofluorescence absorption gain of up to 43.66 % for the photovoltaic module and an electrical output gain of up to 44.91 % for the radioluminescent nuclear battery.

THE STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF THE COURSE "INNOVATIONS IN SOCIAL WORK" (FROM THE TEACHING EXPERIENCE)

The topic relevance is determined by the requirements for the training of social work specialists for innovative activities in conditions of modern challenges. The article aims to characterize the structure and content of the course "Innovations in Social Work" for the 2nd (master's) level of higher education, specialty 231 "Social Work" (from teaching experience). Scientific methods applied: generalization, abstraction, explanation, systematization, system-structural, and descriptive analysis. The author notes the importance of a systematic approach to the development of the general concept of the training course. It is justified by taking into account not only theoretical and practical aspects of innovative activity, but also regulatory and legal ones. The structure of content modules tested in the teaching process is proposed: 1) theory of innovative activity; 2) regulatory and legal support of innovations; 3) innovation as a factor in overcoming social problems of our time. A brief overview of the lectures and recommendations for seminars are provided. Considering the absence of thematic sections on innovations in the field of social protection of the population in cross-sectoral normative documents, special attention is paid to the Plan for the implementation of the Ukraine Facility 2024-2027. The reforms for the next 4 years are presented in this document. It is emphasized that some of them are considered in the module No.3 ("Social work in multidisciplinary rehabilitation teams", "Implementation of the veteran's assistant institute", "Evolution of the deinstitutionalization reform in Ukraine") with logical transition to module No.3. The proposed structure and content of the course "Innovations in Social Work" can contribute to the formation of program learning outcomes defined by the educational standard., Special emphasis is placed on the challenges of teaching innovative activities: taking into account the requirements of the standard of higher education and the professional standard, the interdisciplinary nature of knowledge, the incompleteness of legal support for innovative activities in the field of social work. Both the theoretical and legal and educational issues of teaching the course "Innovations in social work" are among the directions of further scientific research.

A Method for Teaching Biostatisticians to Write and Critique Specific Aims

This article describes the design of a single instructional module on writing and critiquing the Specific Aims (SA) section of a grant proposal for a biomedical research study. It begins by discussing the goals and learning objectives for the module. Then, it discusses the typical structure of a SA section to orient readers to the core content. This method is rooted in using an established framework for scientific writing, which is presented in brief, along with examples of how it applies to writing the SA section. Then, the structure of the instructional module is described, including the exercises for participants. Finally, the utility of this approach for teaching an otherwise difficult-to-teach competency is discussed, as well as how this approach might be extended to similar pedagogic tasks.

Research on the Technology of Improving the Compatibility of DC Measurement Devices Based on the Operation Experience of Siemens Hardware Solutions

The aim of this study was to manufacture alternative Siemens DC measurement system equipment to solve the problems of increased failure rates of foreign DC measurement equipment and the stopped production of key parts. In this paper, the overall structure and common faults of the Siemens DC measurement system are introduced, the difference between TDM signal frame structure and FT3 frame structure is detailed, and the related functional structure, chip type, and function of the Siemens distal module and merging unit (including laser function) are studied. The remote module, merging unit (including laser function), and related hardware design and software design to replace the Siemens DC measurement system were developed, and the test environment and control protection, fault recording wave for communication, and other functional tests were built. The test results show that the domestic remote module, merging unit (laser function), and other technologies communicate normally with the existing Siemens and the domestic mainstream manufacturers, and the accuracy meets the requirements of the 0.2 level.

Negative Joule heat effect on supercapacitor module

Joule heat as the main heat source in high-power operation of supercapacitor modules, needs to be carefully considered in thermal management. The sufficient discussion on the temperature characteristics of supercapacitor modules, especially those containing auxiliary electronic components during operation is of importance. Here we reported the Joule heat effect on a supercapacitor module integrated on a circuit board in the charge and discharge cycles by an in situ Infrared imaging method. Temperature rise of total components including wires, circuit board, welding pint, resistor and capacitor cell could be simultaneously imaged with a sensitivity of 0.2–0.3 °C. Upon charge–discharge cycles from 5C-60C, Joule heat on these electronic components was discovered. The thermal transfered from the connected wires to the circuit board and finally to the cell, which significantly increased the temperature rise (from 9.3 °C to 19.6 °C at 60C) and temperature difference (9.6 °C at 60C) of different capacitors in modules. Further simulation results indicated that Joule heat on the circuit board was 2–3 times that of the capacitors in the module. Such additional heat flow without suitable cooling system would result an accelerated capacitance decay of the module. Therefore, a suitable module structure and thermal management strategy needed to be designed to minimize the Joule heat generation of such electronic components.

Cokernel statistics for walk matrices of directed and weighted random graphs

Abstract The walk matrix associated to an $n\times n$ integer matrix $\mathbf{X}$ and an integer vector $b$ is defined by ${\mathbf{W}} \,:\!=\, (b,{\mathbf{X}} b,\ldots, {\mathbf{X}}^{n-1}b)$ . We study limiting laws for the cokernel of $\mathbf{W}$ in the scenario where $\mathbf{X}$ is a random matrix with independent entries and $b$ is deterministic. Our first main result provides a formula for the distribution of the $p^m$ -torsion part of the cokernel, as a group, when $\mathbf{X}$ has independent entries from a specific distribution. The second main result relaxes the distributional assumption and concerns the ${\mathbb{Z}}[x]$ -module structure. The motivation for this work arises from an open problem in spectral graph theory, which asks to show that random graphs are often determined up to isomorphism by their (generalised) spectrum. Sufficient conditions for generalised spectral determinacy can, namely, be stated in terms of the cokernel of a walk matrix. Extensions of our results could potentially be used to determine how often those conditions are satisfied. Some remaining challenges for such extensions are outlined in the paper.

Triangular state stress and deformation analysis of deformable tracked wheel

The Variable Morphology Wheel-Track Mechanism (VMWTM) is an innovative mobile platform design designed to overcome the limitations of traditional track and wheel designs in different terrains and mission requirements. Based on the importance of the crawler wheel in the tracked vehicle, the vehicle transmission shaft transmits the power and torque of the power source to the crawler chassis, so the overall working performance of the vehicle depends to a certain extent on the performance of the crawler wheel. In-depth and detailed research on the structure of the track wheel module is an important issue in the current vehicle design and manufacturing work. Based on the relevant theories and technologies of the finite element method, this paper conducts in-depth analysis and design. Taking the whole crawler wheel mechanism and the key components as the analysis object, the basic research method is the finite element method. The working principle of the crawler wheel is analyzed, and the load calculation, stress characteristics and structural strength of the key components of the triangular crawler wheel module are deeply explored according to the technical requirements and actual working conditions.

Structure of software and hardware module for research of DC electrical machines. Part 1

The structure of a hardware and software complex for the study of DC electric machines and a mathematical model of its electromechanical part taking into account the influence of temperature on the resistance of the armature winding have been developed. The hardware and software complex is implemented on the Arduino Uno board. A distinctive feature of which is the modular structure, which allows conducting research on DC electric machines in various operating modes (start-up, armature speed control, reversing, braking). In addition, it is possible to implement various laws of changing the load moment. For this purpose, the hardware and software module include the studied and load DC electric machines, which are mechanically connected to each other by means of a coupling and operate in motor and generator modes, respectively. The proposed model makes it possible to describe electromagnetic processes in DC electric machines taking into account the influence of temperature on the resistance of the armature winding, as well as overheating of individual parts of the electric machine. The proposed hardware and software module can find practical application in research laboratories in the study of DC electric machines in various operating modes.

Minimizing perovskite solar cells' lead leakage with a cost‐effective and 160 days stable encapsulant

AbstractPerovskite solar cells' (PSCs) potential lead leakage seriously threatens ecosystems and human health, significantly hindering their commercialization. In this paper, we develope a cost‐effective (less than 2$/m2) and long‐term stable SSP film by mixing sulfonated SiO2 with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Combined with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) forming the encapsulation layer, it can effectively prevent over 99% of lead leakage under simulated adverse weather conditions with different structures of devices (p‐i‐n and n‐i‐p) and modules. Even after 160 days of air storage, the film maintains excellent lead sequestration efficiency. Additionally, it has no negative impact on the performance and stability. This work offers a practical and economical strategy to mitigate the toxicity of perovskite photovoltaic devices, thereby promoting their commercialization.image

Intelligent detection of coal gangue in mining Operations using multispectral imaging and enhanced RT-DETR algorithm for efficient sorting

The coal gangue generated during coal mining causes serious environmental pollution. To efficiently screen coal gangue, we developed an efficient approach combining multi-spectral imaging with an improved Real-Time Detection Transformer (RT-DETR) for coal gangue detection. Firstly, spectral data from 25 bands were optimized into 3 bands and combined into a pseudo RGB image. Then, the backbone network was enhanced through lighter Faster-Block and Efficient Multi-scale Attention (EMA) mechanisms, with learnable position coding introduced in the Attention based Intra scale Feature Interaction (AIFI) layer and the Re-param Convolutional (RepC3) structure of the Cross scale Feature Fusion Module (CCFM) layer upgraded to Dilated Re-param Block (DRB). Additionally, we propose a Stable Diffusion model based on Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) fine-tuning for image generation and enhance the model’s robustness by combining it with data augmentation to simulate specific environments. Our results showed that the method achieves detection accuracy, recall, and mean average precision of 92.18%, 86.78%, and 91.95%, respectively. The lightweight model and high detection accuracy provide an effective solution for mine sorting.