Modulation Of Balance Research Articles

Controllable modulation of acid-base properties and balance for promoting methyl acrylate production over CsMg-Zr/SiO2

Controllable modulation of acid-base properties and balance for promoting methyl acrylate production over CsMg-Zr/SiO2

Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Properties of the Quercetin-3-Oleate AV2, a Novel FFAR1 Partial Agonist.

Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1) has emerged as the most targeted isoform of the free fatty acid receptors because of its involvement in the modulation of energy balance and its potential role in the control of inflammatory and pain conditions. Quercetin-3-oleate (AV2), recognized as a new FFAR1 partial agonist, was investigated for its ability to modulate inflammation and nociception. Human immortal neuroblastoma SH and the murine macrophagic RAW 264.7 cells were used to evaluate cell viability, the potential cytoprotective activity, and the anti-inflammatory properties of AV2 in vitro. Paw edema, caused by zymosan-A, and the formalin test were used to assess the in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects in CD-1 mice. In vitro, AV2 was devoid of cytotoxicity, significantly reduced ROS in both cell types, and protected RAW 264.7 cells from lipopolysaccharide damage by reducing tumor necrosis factor-α production. Interestingly, AV2 induced a transient elevation of intracellular calcium that was reduced in cells, pre-incubated with the FFAR1 antagonist DC260126. In vivo, AV2 reduced formalin-induced nociception and zymosan A-induced paw edema, and both effects were reversed by the FFAR1 antagonist GW1100. In conclusion, these data strongly support the AV2-mediated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive activity. AV2 represents a promising molecule for the clinical management of inflammatory-related pain conditions.

The gut microbiota modulates airway inflammation in allergic asthma through the gut-lung axis related immune modulation: A review.

The human gut microbiota is a vast and complex microbial community. According to statistics, the number of bacteria residing in the human intestinal tract is approximately 10 times that of total human cells, with over 1,000 different species. The interaction between the gut microbiota and various organ tissues plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of local and systemic diseases, exerting a significant influence on disease progression. The relationship between the gut microbiota and intestinal diseases, along with its connection to the pulmonary immune environment and the development of lung diseases, is commonly referred to as the "gut-lung axis." The incidence of bronchial asthma is rising globally. With ongoing research on gut microbiota, it is widely believed that intestinal microorganisms and their metabolic products directly or indirectly participate in the occurrence and development of asthma. Based on the gut-lung axis, this review examines recent research suggesting that the intestinal microbiota can influence the occurrence and progression of allergic asthma through the modulation of cytokine immune balance and mucosal integrity. Though the precise immune pathways or microbial species influencing asthma through the gut-lung axis are still under exploration, summarizing the immune modulation through the gut-lung axis in allergic asthma may provide insights for the clinical management of the condition.

Dual-Stream Feature Collaboration Perception Network for Salient Object Detection in Remote Sensing Images

As the core technology of artificial intelligence, salient object detection (SOD) is an important approach to improve the analysis efficiency of remote sensing images by intelligently identifying key areas in images. However, existing methods that rely on a single strategy, convolution or Transformer, exhibit certain limitations in complex remote sensing scenarios. Therefore, we developed a Dual-Stream Feature Collaboration Perception Network (DCPNet) to enable the collaborative work and feature complementation of Transformer and CNN. First, we adopted a dual-branch feature extractor with strong local bias and long-range dependence characteristics to perform multi-scale feature extraction from remote sensing images. Then, we presented a Multi-path Complementary-aware Interaction Module (MCIM) to refine and fuse the feature representations of salient targets from the global and local branches, achieving fine-grained fusion and interactive alignment of dual-branch features. Finally, we proposed a Feature Weighting Balance Module (FWBM) to balance global and local features, preventing the model from overemphasizing global information at the expense of local details or from inadequately mining global cues due to excessive focus on local information. Extensive experiments on the EORSSD and ORSSD datasets demonstrated that DCPNet outperformed the current 19 state-of-the-art methods.

Sleep and Immune System Crosstalk: Implications for Inflammatory Homeostasis and Disease Pathogenesis.

Sleep and immune function are interconnected aspects of health that mutually impact each other in disease development and inflammatory homeostasis. Different aspects of immunology are regulated by different sleep characteristics, impacting on specific aspects of immune function including cytokine production and T-cell activity. Ongoing disruptions of sleep have been linked to heightened inflammation and are suspected in the pathogenesis and disease course of a range of life-style-related illnesses, including diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of knowledge on the interaction of sleep with the immune system, its modulation of inflammatory balance, and the pathogenesis of many diseases. It emphasizes how sleep deficiency compromises immune function by means of a systemic, low-grade inflammatory response, while adequate sleep promotes intense immune responses and thus enables efficient pathogen clearance and the maintenance of immune memory. The mutual influence of sleep on the immune system underlines its critical involvement in health preservation and the course of disease. Sleep plays an indispensable role in immune health, mediating the efficiency of immune responses and the course of the regulation of inflammation. Chronic sleep deprivation can result in a low-grade inflammation that substantially contributes to the onset and exacerbation of metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. The intimate linkage between sleep and immune function can be one strategic approach to therapy, improving health outcomes by leveraging this sleep-immune connection.

Abstract 36: Ablation of T-Lymphocyte β-Arrestins Reduces Inflammation and Increases Salt Retention in the Absence of Blood Pressure Changes Following Angiotensin II Infusion

Introduction: T-cells contribute to hypertension (HT) development. Among several G-protein coupled receptors regulating T-cell function, it has been hypothesized that some subpopulations use the angiotensin II (ANG II) type 1 receptor (AT 1 R) to modulate immune responses in HT. Selective ablation of AT 1 Rs in T-cells paradoxically increases hypertensive end-organ damage (EOD). While AT 1 Rs typically induces classical G-protein signaling, recent studies have uncovered a protective signaling cascade via β-arrestin ( ARRB ) proteins. We hypothesize that T-cell ARRB s mediate an anti-hypertensive and anti-inflammatory role in response to ANG II, decreasing EOD in HT. Methods: Breeding CD4-Cre mice with Arrb1 -Flox or Arrb2 -Flox mice generated lines with T-cell-specific deficiency of Arrb1 or Arrb2 genes. Hypertensive conditions modeling kidney damage consisted of unilateral nephrectomy, 4% salt diet, and continuous infusion of 1 mg/kg/min ANG II (UNX/HSD/ANG). Age/sex-matched Cre - littermates were used as controls (WT). Blood pressure (BP) was measured at baseline and for the following three weeks using radiotelemetry. Results: At baseline, there were no significant differences in systolic BP between groups (WT:124.1±8.0 mmHg; CD4 Arrb1-null :125.4±8.1; CD4 Arrb2-null :128.7±3.1; p =0.37; n=12/10/8). Three weeks of UNX/HSD/ANG equally increased systolic BP in all groups (WT:178.0±14.0 mmHg; CD4 Arrb1-null :174.8±26.3; CD4 Arrb2-null :179.9±11.1; p =0.86; n=7/9/7). Despite similar BPs, CD4 Arrb2-null mice demonstrated less renal inflammation than WT after four weeks of UNX/HSD/ANG, with a reduction in interleukin-1α protein (3.8±3.2 vs. 8.3±2.8 p <0.05; n=4/6) and a trend towards decreased tumor necrosis factor-α transcript (0.63-fold change vs. 1.9, p =0.051; n=10/8). Furthermore, CD4 Arrb1-null mice increased 24-hour voluntary water intake compared to WT (15.7±3.4 mL vs. 12.2±1.6; p <0.05; n=12/7), and 24-hour urine output (10.0±3.7 mL/d vs. 6.8±1.5; p <0.05; n=11/8). However, there was no difference in sodium excretion during this period (1.9±0.5 eq/d vs. 1.7±0.1; p =0.14; n=11/7). Interestingly, 4 hours after intraperitoneal saline injection, CD4 Arrb1-null mice excreted significantly less sodium compared to WT (5.6±3.5% vs . 31.4±10.6%; p <0.05; n=4/5). Conclusion: Contrary to our hypothesis, these data suggest that T-cell Arrb s do not protect against the hypertensive response to ANG II, but instead play a complicated role in the modulation of hydromineral balance and inflammation.

Association between Inhibitory-Excitatory Balance and Brain Activity Response during Cognitive Flexibility in Young and Older Individuals.

Cognitive flexibility represents the capacity to switch among different mental schemes, providing an adaptive advantage to a changing environment. The neural underpinnings of this executive function have been deeply studied in humans through fMRI, showing that the left inferior frontal cortex (IFC) and the left inferior parietal lobe (IPL) are crucial. Here, we investigated the inhibitory-excitatory balance in these regions by means of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA+) and glutamate + glutamine (Glx), measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), during a cognitive flexibility task and its relationship with performance level and the local task-induced blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response in 40 young (18-35 y.o.; 26 female) and 40 older (18-35 y.o.; 21 female) human adults. As the IFC and the IPL are richly connected regions, we also examined whole-brain effects associated with their local metabolic activity. Results did not show absolute metabolic modulations associated with flexibility performance, but performance level was related to the direction of metabolic modulation in the IPL with opposite patterns in young and older individuals. The individual inhibitory-excitatory balance modulation showed an inverse relationship with the local BOLD response in the IPL. Finally, the modulation of inhibitory-excitatory balance in IPL was related to whole-brain effects only in older individuals. These findings show disparities in the metabolic mechanisms underlying cognitive flexibility in young and older adults and their association with performance level and BOLD response. Such metabolic differences are likely to play a role in executive functioning during aging and specifically in cognitive flexibility.Significance Statement Cognitive flexibility provides an advantage in adapting to changing environments. We investigated the inhibitory-excitatory balance (GABA+/Glx) modulation in the frontal and parietal cortices during cognitive flexibility in young and older individuals through MRS. An increase in the excitatory tone during cognitive performance related to a better execution in younger adults. Interestingly, it was an increase in the inhibitory tone that was associated to a better performance in older adults. Furthermore, we revealed that an increased inhibitory tone in older adults related to a decreased oxygen consumption in remote brain areas (BOLD-fMRI). This may suggest that GABA modulation facilitates the segregation of neural networks, maximizing brain efficiency and cognitive performance. These findings underscore age-related disparities in the neurometabolic mechanisms underlying cognitive flexibility.

The Climatology of Gravity Waves over the Low-Latitude Region Estimated by Multiple Meteor Radars

Atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) can strongly modulate middle atmospheric circulation and can be a significant factor for the coupling between the lower atmosphere and the middle atmosphere. GWs are difficult to resolve in global atmospheric models due to their small scale; thus, GW observations play an important role in middle atmospheric studies. The climatology of GW variance and momentum in the low-latitude mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region are revealed using multiple meteor radars, which are located at Kunming (25.6°N, 103.8°E), Sanya (18.4°N, 109.6°E), and Fuke (19.5°N, 109.1°E). The climatology and longitudinal variations in GW momentum fluxes and variance over the low-latitude region are reported. The GWs show strong seasonal variations and can greatly control the mesospheric horizontal winds via modulation of the quasi-geostrophic balance and momentum deposition. The different GW activities between Kunming and Sanya/Fuke are possibly consistent with the unique prevailing surface winds over Kunming and the convective system over the Tibetan Plateau according to the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) data, and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data. These findings provide insight for better understanding the coupling between the troposphere and mesosphere.

Personal control and cognitive flexibility: Does uncontrollability reduce flexible shifting of attention?

Acting and learning in unpredictable and volatile environments requires cognitive flexibility. However, the ability to flexibly adapt to the changing task environment can be reduced when people experience uncontrollability due to exposure to action – outcome non-contingency. In this research, we propose that flexible shifting of attention is affected by experiences of uncontrollability. In two studies, a lack of control was experimentally induced and subsequently cognitive flexibility was assessed either with a Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (Study 1) or a cognitive set-shifting paradigm (Study 2). Results showed a reduced tendency to flexibly shift attention and to overcome dominant response tendencies amongst participants who experienced uncontrollability. Modulation of the stability-flexibility balance by situationally induced experiences of uncontrollability is discussed.

A Efficient and Accurate UAV Detection Method Based on YOLOv5s

Due to the limited computational resources of portable devices, target detection models for drone detection face challenges in real-time deployment. To enhance the detection efficiency of low, slow, and small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), this study introduces an efficient drone detection model based on YOLOv5s (EDU-YOLO), incorporating lightweight feature extraction and balanced feature fusion modules. The model employs the ShuffleNetV2 network and coordinate attention mechanisms to construct a lightweight backbone network, significantly reducing the number of model parameters. It also utilizes a bidirectional feature pyramid network and ghost convolutions to build a balanced neck network, enriching the model’s representational capacity. Additionally, a new loss function, EloU, replaces CIoU to improve the model’s positioning accuracy and accelerate network convergence. Experimental results indicate that, compared to the YOLOv5s algorithm, our model only experiences a minimal decrease in mAP by 1.1%, while reducing GFLOPs from 16.0 to 2.2 and increasing FPS from 153 to 188. This provides a substantial foundation for networked optoelectronic detection of UAVs and similar slow-moving aerial targets, expanding the defensive perimeter and enabling earlier warnings.

Expanding the Pseudomonas diversity of the wheat rhizosphere: four novel species antagonizing fungal phytopathogens and with plant-beneficial properties.

Plant-beneficial Pseudomonas bacteria hold the potential to be used as inoculants in agriculture to promote plant growth and health through various mechanisms. The discovery of new strains tailored to specific agricultural needs remains an open area of research. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of four novel Pseudomonas species associated with the wheat rhizosphere. Comparative genomic analysis with all available Pseudomonas type strains revealed species-level differences, substantiated by both digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity, underscoring their status as novel species. This was further validated by the phenotypic differences observed when compared to their closest relatives. Three of the novel species belong to the P. fluorescens species complex, with two representing a novel lineage in the Pseudomonas phylogeny. Functional genome annotation revealed the presence of specific features contributing to rhizosphere colonization, including flagella and components for biofilm formation. The novel species have the genetic potential to solubilize nutrients by acidifying the environment, releasing alkaline phosphatases and their metabolism of nitrogen species, indicating potential as biofertilizers. Additionally, the novel species possess traits that may facilitate direct promotion of plant growth through the modulation of the plant hormone balance, including the ACC deaminase enzyme and auxin metabolism. The presence of biosynthetic clusters for toxins such as hydrogen cyanide and non-ribosomal peptides suggests their ability to compete with other microorganisms, including plant pathogens. Direct inoculation of wheat roots significantly enhanced plant growth, with two strains doubling shoot biomass. Three of the strains effectively antagonized fungal phytopathogens (Thielaviopsis basicola, Fusarium oxysporum, and Botrytis cinerea), demonstrating their potential as biocontrol agents. Based on the observed genetic and phenotypic differences from closely related species, we propose the following names for the four novel species: Pseudomonas grandcourensis sp. nov., type strain DGS24T ( = DSM 117501T = CECT 31011T), Pseudomonas purpurea sp. nov., type strain DGS26T ( = DSM 117502T = CECT 31012T), Pseudomonas helvetica sp. nov., type strain DGS28T ( = DSM 117503T = CECT 31013T) and Pseudomonas aestiva sp. nov., type strain DGS32T ( = DSM 117504T = CECT 31014T).

Impact of Imbalanced Modulation on Security of Continuous-Variable Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution

Continuous variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (CV-MDI-QKD) removes all known or unknown side-channel attacks on detectors. However, it is difficult to fully implement assumptions in the security demonstration model, which leads to potential security vulnerabilities inevitably existing in the practical system. In this paper, we explore the impact of imbalanced modulation at transmitters on the security of the CV-MDI-QKD system mainly using a coherent state and squeezed state under symmetric and asymmetric distances. Assuming two different modulation topologies of senders, we propose a generalized theoretical scheme and evaluate the key parameter achievable of the protocol with the mechanism of imbalanced modulation. The presented results show that imbalanced modulation can achieve a relatively nonlinearly higher secret key rate and transmission distances than the previous protocol which is the balanced modulation variance used by transmitters. The advantage of imbalanced modulation is demonstrated for the system key parameter estimation using numerical simulation under different situations. In addition, the consequences indicate the importance of imbalanced modulation on the performance of CV-MDI-QKD protocol and provide a theoretical framework for experimental implementation as well as the optimal modulated mode.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ МНОГОЛЕТНЕЙ ДИНАМИКИ ВНЕСЕНИЯ МИНЕРАЛЬНЫХ И ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ УДОБРЕНИЙ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ ХАКАСИЯ ЗА 1966–2022 гг.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the application of mineral and organic fertilizers for arable land in the conditions of the Republic of Khakassia for the period 1966–2022. The object of the study is the long-term dynamics of mineral and organic fertilizers. Calculations were performed in accordance with the methodology set out in the Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation “On approval of methods for quantitative determination of greenhouse gas emissions and greenhouse gas removals” dated May 27, 2022. Data are provided on the introduction of carbon in fertilizers for the period from 1966 to 2022. The area of arable land decreased from 732.0 thousand hectares in 1966 to 559.6 thousand hectares in 2022. The historical minimum and maximum were observed, respectively, for the area of arable land in 2004 (407 thousand hectares) and 1962–1988. (732 thousand hectares), for organic and mineral fertilizers in 2004 (644.1 tons) and in 1989 (37,830.6 tons). In 2022, the total amount of fertilizers applied was 65.1 tons for organic fertilizers, 3,620.6 tons for mineral fertilizers. The range of carbon values in fertilizers was 91.5–25,743.6 tons. There was a decrease in the amount of carbon supplied with fertilizers (from 9002.2 to 1133.1 tons). In 2022, an analysis of the gross values of carbon input with plant residues was carried out. In 2022, 1,501.8 t C ∙ year–1 was added to the arable land with plant residues. Most of them were introduced with wheat. Methodological recommendations were compiled to improve analytical reporting on carbon in agrocenoses, including support for farms implementing measures to accumulate carbon in the soil. It is proposed to create a carbon balance module for agroecosystems in a carbon sequestration database. The proposed solutions will allow monitoring the carbon balance of agroecosystems in the Republic of Khakassia.

Obesity, Dietary Patterns, and Hormonal Balance Modulation: Gender-Specific Impacts.

Understanding the intricate relationship between nutrition, hormonal balance, and gender-specific factors is crucial for developing targeted interventions to mitigate obesity-related endocrine disruptions and improve metabolic health. This narrative review examines the impact of various dietary patterns on hormonal regulation in both men and women, focusing on their effects on hormonal balance and metabolic health in the context of obesity. Calorie restriction, the Western diet, high-fat diets, low-CHO diets, plant-based diets, and the Mediterranean diet are analyzed in relation to their influence on obesity-related endocrine disruptions and metabolic health. Future research directions include investigating the specific mechanisms underlying dietary influences on hormonal regulation, addressing the gender-specific metabolic differences and body fat distribution, and exploring the dietary needs of individuals undergoing gender transition. Personalized dietary interventions tailored to individual metabolic and hormonal profiles are essential for optimizing health outcomes across the gender spectrum. By integrating gender-specific considerations into dietary recommendations, healthcare professionals can better support individuals in achieving optimal metabolic health and hormonal balance.

Brain complexity in stroke recovery after bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation in mice.

Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. There are many different rehabilitation approaches aimed at improving clinical outcomes for stroke survivors. One of the latest therapeutic techniques is the non-invasive brain stimulation. Among non-invasive brain stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation has shown promising results in enhancing motor and cognitive recovery both in animal models of stroke and stroke survivors. In this framework, one of the most innovative methods is the bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation that simultaneously increases excitability in one hemisphere and decreases excitability in the contralateral one. As bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation can create a more balanced modulation of brain activity, this approach may be particularly useful in counteracting imbalanced brain activity, such as in stroke. Given these premises, the aim of the current study has been to explore the recovery after stroke in mice that underwent a bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation treatment, by recording their electric brain activity with local field potential and by measuring behavioural outcomes of Grip Strength test. An innovative parameter that explores the complexity of signals, namely the Entropy, recently adopted to describe brain activity in physiopathological states, was evaluated to analyse local field potential data. Results showed that stroke mice had higher values of Entropy compared to healthy mice, indicating an increase in brain complexity and signal disorder due to the stroke. Additionally, the bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation reduced Entropy in both healthy and stroke mice compared to sham stimulated mice, with a greater effect in stroke mice. Moreover, correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between Entropy and Grip Strength values, indicating that higher Entropy values resulted in lower Grip Strength engagement. Concluding, the current evidence suggests that the Entropy index of brain complexity characterizes stroke pathology and recovery. Together with this, bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation can modulate brain rhythms in animal models of stroke, providing potentially new avenues for rehabilitation in humans.

Nutrition, Immunity and Aging: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Aging is a gradual decline of physiological function and tissue homeostasis and, in many instances, is related to increased (neuro)-degeneration, together with inflammation, becoming one of the most important risks for developing neurodegenerative diseases. Certain individual nutrients or foods in combination may counteract aging and associated neurodegenerative diseases by promoting a balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. Thus, nutrition could represent a powerful modulator of this fine balance, other than a modifiable risk factor to contrast inflammaging. This narrative review explores from a broad perspective the impact of nutrition on the hallmarks of aging and inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Syndrome (ALS), starting from nutrients up to single foods and complex dietary patterns.

Does cardiovascular autonomic modulation correspond to the increase in dim-light onset of melatonin? A preliminary analysis

Introduction: The endogenous circadian system promotes the rise in melatonin approximately every 24 hours. In the laboratory, dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) is used as the gold standard method to assess circadian phase. Exogenous melatonin affects cardiac sympathovagal balance and vasomotor sympathetic modulation. Whether or not the endogenous increase in melatonin corresponds to changes in cardiovascular autonomic modulation is unclear. Objective: To evaluate if the timing of DLMO corresponds to the timing of changes in cardiovascular autonomic indices. Methods: Five healthy adults (3 females, age 23.8±SD1.8 y) completed a minimum of four nights of sleep regularization by maintaining a self-selected 8h in bed each night before the experiment. The day after regularization, they reported to the laboratory ~8 hours before bedtime. Measurements for melatonin and cardiovascular autonomic modulation started 6 hours before bedtime and continued 1 hour after. Saliva samples were collected every 30 minutes. At the end of every hour, 10 minutes of continuous R-R intervals (R-R) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were recorded via electrocardiogram and beat-to-beat finger photoplethysmography, respectively. As currently established, DLMO was defined as the interpolated time for melatonin increase over 3pg/ml. Cardiovascular autonomic indexes were run through CardioSeries v.2 to create a temporal series for R-R interval and systolic blood pressure. Cardiac autonomic modulation was assessed by applying the spectral analysis using the fast Fourier transformation method and time domain analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) and spectral analysis of blood pressure variability (BPV). For each autonomic index, data were plotted and fitted with a segmental linear regression to reveal the intercept of the two segments to define the autonomic onset (AO). A paired t-test compared the difference between DLMO and AO times. Bland-Altman plots with a 95% limit of agreement (LOA) identified the distribution of differences between the methods. Additionally, a one-sample t-test compared the differences between methods to a fixed time clock range. Data are shown as mean ± SD and significance was set as p<0.05. Results: AO time calculated for all indexes from HRV and BPV were not statistically different compared to DLMO time (R-R: +16±86 mins, P=0.70; root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD): -20±91 mins, P=0.67; low frequency (LF) nu: +29±52 mins, P=0.74; high frequency (HF) nu: -43±91 mins, P=0.23; LFHF: -26±73 mins, P=0.47; SBP: -14±104 mins, P=0.78; LFSBP: -6±107 mins, P=0.90). The Bland Altman plots did not identify any systematic difference between AO and DLMO times. The smallest difference was LFnu with a LOA 95% from -73 to +131 minutes, while the largest difference was LFSBP with LOA 95% from -217 to +204 minutes. Additionally, the difference between DLMO and AO LFnu times (LFnu: +29±52) was statistically similar from -36 to +95 minutes. Conclusion: In young healthy adults, our preliminary data shows that AO times of cardiovascular autonomic indexes correspond to salivary DLMO. A larger dataset with more frequent simultaneous measurements of melatonin and cardiovascular autonomic modulation are essential to confirm our preliminary findings. Medical Research Foundation of Oregon, OHSU OFDIR, R01HL163232. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Dynamic Duo: Design and Validation of an Autonomous Frontal and Sagittal Actuating Hip Exoskeleton for Balance Modulation During Perturbed Locomotion

Dynamic Duo: Design and Validation of an Autonomous Frontal and Sagittal Actuating Hip Exoskeleton for Balance Modulation During Perturbed Locomotion

Thermal Balance Modulation of Switching Devices for Hybrid-Clamped Three-Level Full-Bridge LLC Resonant Converter

Thermal Balance Modulation of Switching Devices for Hybrid-Clamped Three-Level Full-Bridge LLC Resonant Converter

Use of machine learning and Poincaré density grid in the diagnosis of sinus node dysfunction caused by sinoatrial conduction block in dogs.

Sinus node dysfunction because of abnormal impulse generation or sinoatrial conduction block causes bradycardia that can be difficult to differentiate from high parasympathetic/low sympathetic modulation (HP/LSM). Beat-to-beat relationships of sinus node dysfunction are quantifiably distinguishable by Poincaré plots, machine learning, and 3-dimensional density grid analysis. Moreover, computer modeling establishes sinoatrial conduction block as a mechanism. Three groups of dogs were studied with a diagnosis of: (1) balanced autonomic modulation (n = 26), (2) HP/LSM (n = 26), and (3) sinus node dysfunction (n = 21). Heart rate parameters and Poincaré plot data were determined [median (25%-75%)]. Recordings were randomly assigned to training or testing. Supervised machine learning of the training data was evaluated with the testing data. The computer model included impulse rate, exit block probability, and HP/LSM. Confusion matrices illustrated the effectiveness in diagnosing by both machine learning and Poincaré density grid. Sinus pauses >2 s differentiated (P < .0001) HP/LSM (2340; 583-3947 s) from sinus node dysfunction (8503; 7078-10 050 s), but average heart rate did not. The shortest linear intervals were longer with sinus node dysfunction (315; 278-323 ms) vs HP/LSM (260; 251-292 ms; P = .008), but the longest linear intervals were shorter with sinus node dysfunction (620; 565-698 ms) vs HP/LSM (843; 799-888 ms; P < .0001). Number and duration of pauses, not heart rate, differentiated sinus node dysfunction from HP/LSM. Machine learning and Poincaré density grid can accurately identify sinus node dysfunction. Computer modeling supports sinoatrial conduction block as a mechanism of sinus node dysfunction.