Modular Layout Research Articles

Machine Learning and OOP Integration

This abstract delves into the synergistic integration of Machine Learning (ML) and Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), exploring the symbiotic dating among these powerful paradigms. The fusion of ML and OOP brings forth a transformative technique, wherein the structured design standards of OOP seamlessly interface with the adaptive getting to know skills of ML algorithms, offering a complete framework for growing smart and dynamic applications. The integration of ML with OOP affords an established and modular foundation for designing smart systems. This summary examines how OOP's concepts of encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism facilitate the corporation of ML algorithms into reusable and scalable additives. The cohesive integration allows developers to encapsulate gadget mastering models inside items, fostering a modular layout that enhances code readability, reusability, and maintainability. Furthermore, the summary explores the function of OOP in addressing the interpretability and transparency challenges associated with ML models. By encapsulating complicated ML algorithms inside nicely-defined gadgets, developers can decorate the comprehensibility of the gadget, facilitating less complicated version inspection and debugging. OOP's hierarchical structure aids in developing interpretable relationships among exceptional machine studying additives, contributing to a more obvious and comprehensible machine. The adaptability of ML and the shape supplied by using OOP converge to create structures able to dynamic studying and evolution. This summary emphasizes how OOP's layout styles accommodate the incorporation of evolving ML fashions, allowing seamless updates and modifications. The integration gives a basis for adaptive structures which can examine from new statistics, adjust to changing environments, and constantly improve overall performance over time. In end, the abstract highlights the transformative effect of integrating ML and OOP, emphasizing the dependent design standards of OOP as a sturdy basis for organizing and encapsulating ML algorithms. The cohesive integration addresses demanding situations related to interpretability and flexibility, providing a framework that fosters sensible, obvious, and dynamic packages. As generation advances, the combination of ML and OOP provides a promising paradigm for growing state-of-the-art and adaptive systems throughout diverse domain names.

Integrated system for automation of process, fixture and inspection planning

A novel planning system which can automatically accomplish machining plans with the appropriate fixture setup and inspection strategies have been presented. In this work, the primary steps that are required to achieve an automated process scheme, modular fixture design, and inspection planning have been described. The object-oriented approach has been employed to attain automation and integration of the design process, including fixtures and inspection modules. This kind of system is unique as it provides an integrated platform for three important manufacturing activities, namely process planning, fixture design, and inspection. The STEP has been employed as an input to the proposed framework. The computer-aided process planning module consists of geometric and dimensional data, machining feature recognition information and process planning files. The modular fixture layout design has been developed using the set of defined rules, search strategies and the graphical database of various fixturing components. The computer-aided inspection planning module automatically generates an inspection plan and Dimensional Measuring Interface Standard code for coordinate measuring machines. It is noticeable from the reported case study and its outcomes that the developed integrated environment can effectively be employed in different manufacturing industries for automated process planning, fixture design, and inspection.

High-Performance Derivative Computations using CoDiPack

There are several AD tools available that all implement different strategies for the reverse mode of AD. The most common strategies are primal value taping (implemented e.g. by ADOL-C) and Jacobian taping (implemented e.g. by Adept and dco/c++). Particulary for Jacobian taping, recent advances using expression templates make it very attractive for large scale software. However, the current implementations are either closed source or miss essential features and flexibility. Therefore, we present the new AD tool CoDiPack (Code Differentiation Package) in this paper. It is specifically designed for minimal memory consumption and optimal runtime, such that it can be used for the differentiation of large scale software. An essential part of the design of CoDiPack is the modular layout and the recursive data structures which not only allow the efficient implementation of the Jacobian taping approach but will also enable other approaches like the primal value taping or new research ideas. We will finally present the performance values of CoDiPack on a generic PDE example and on the SU2 code.

Modular verification of web page layout

Automated verification can ensure that a web page satisfies accessibility, usability, and design properties regardless of the end user's device, preferences, and assistive technologies. However, state-of-the-art verification tools for layout properties do not scale to large pages because they rely on whole-page analyses and must reason about the entire page using the complex semantics of the browser layout algorithm. This paper introduces and formalizes modular layout proofs. A modular layout proof splits a monolithic verification problem into smaller verification problems, one for each component of a web page. Each component specification can use rely/guarantee-style preconditions to make it verifiable independently of the rest of the page and enabling reuse across multiple pages. Modular layout proofs scale verification to pages an order of magnitude larger than those supported by previous approaches. We prototyped these techniques in a new proof assistant, Troika. In Troika, a proof author partitions a page into components and writes specifications for them. Troika then verifies the specifications, and uses those specifications to verify whole-page properties. Troika also enables the proof author to verify different component specifications with different verification tools, leveraging the strengths of each. In a case study, we use Troika to verify a large web page and demonstrate a speed-up of 13--1469x over existing tools, taking verification time from hours to seconds. We develop a systematic approach to writing Troika proofs and demonstrate it on 8 proofs of properties from prior work to show that modular layout proofs are short, easy to write, and provide benefits over existing tools.

Structural Acceleration in Nielsen's Sinfonia espansiva

ABSTRACTThe form of the first movement of Carl Nielsen's Sinfonia espansiva rejects the traditional three‐part sonata form in favour of an experimental two‐part strategy. The dialogue between the two types of sonata has an important impact on the way we hear this movement; from a rhetorical perspective, the absence of a normative simultaneous return of theme and key invites a new analytical approach. This is informed by the idea that the movement's form, relative to the signposts set up in its exposition, appears to speed up as it continues – a phenomenon which I call ‘structural acceleration’. The reception of Hepokoski and Darcy's Type 2 sonata is unpacked before an investigation of aspects of modular layout, tonality and cadential structure which contribute to the movement's sense of formal urgency.

Pyeis: A Python-Based Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Analyzer and Simulator

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy can be a powerful analytical tool for the electrochemist as it can have the ability of separating kinetics, double-layers, adsorption, and mass-transport from a current/voltage response. This can often be a difficult task as the response depends on a large parameter space, such as: electrode configuration, porosity, pore size morphology, reference electrode, distance between working- and reference electrode, interfacial layers that depends on, among other, electrolyte composition, current collectors, potential, temperature, etc. Electrochemical processes can be described through circuit elements and a combination of these are referred to as equivalent circuit elements that model the cell or interface in question. Classically, kinetic contributions are referred to as charge-transfer resistances, double-layer as capacitors and their derivatives, and mass-transport have a wide range of terms. PyEIS is an open-source platform that is able to simulate, evaluate data quality, fit, and plot electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data. It is built in a modular layout to facilitate add-ons, modifications, and it is therefore possible with relative ease to add any desired equivalent circuit. It is based on an open-source packages4–6 and is written in Python, a modern high-level computing language commonly used by the scientific community. PyEIS will be available as a Python package and currently includes 27 equivalent circuits where some represent simple non-faradaic and faradaic systems, the impedance of macro disk- and microdisk electrodes with well-defined mass-transport regimes, as well as non-faradaic and faradaic porous electrodes with and without solid-state diffusion. PyEIS has the ability to simulate any equivalent circuit including the dependency on potential of the i) the charge-transfer resistance following Butler-Volmer or Marcus-Hush-Chidsey infinite or finite kinetic theories, ii) the mass-transport elements of the macro- and microdisk electrodes, and iii) the double-layer capacitance following the theories of Gouy-Chapman or Stern. This makes it possible to predict the impedance of any equivalent circuit following the potential dependency of the above-mentioned theories allowing the user to simulate and adjust experimental parameters to optimize experimental conditions. PyEIS also contains algorithms for the linear Kramers-Kronig validity analysis that investigate the experimental data quality for causality, linearity, stability, and finite. The algorithm uses a weighed complex non-linear least-squares fitting procedure with RC-elements following the work of Boukamp1, where resistances are fitted to experimental data with log spaced time constants. The relative residuals are illustrated as a function of the measured frequency and PyEIS contains an automatic optimization algorithm that ensures a correct number of -(RC)- elements are utilized such that data is neither over- or under-fitted2. PyEIS is able to fit experimental data through the weighed complex non-linear least squares fitting procedure using scipy’s lmfit package3 where the following statistical weighing options are available: unit, modulus, and proportional. The software is capable of batch fitting any number of spectra without any additional key strokes and the output is automatically plotted with a number of plotting options available. In additional, the parameters of the equivalent circuit model are saved and are easily accessed for post analysis. References B. A. Boukamp, J. Electrochem. Soc., 142, 1885–1894.M. Schönleber, D. Klotz, and E. Ivers-Tiffée, Electrochimica Acta, 131, 20–27 (2014).J. O. Oliphant, P. Peterson, and et al., 2001 http://www.scipy.org/.S. van der Walt, S. C. Colbert, and G. Varoquaux, Computing in Science & Engineering, 13, 22–30 (2011).F. Johansson, www.mpmath.org.J. D. Hunter, Computing in Science & Engineering, 9, 90–95 (2007).

Terran World Spectral Simulator

The Terran world Spectral Simulator (TSS) is a flexible software package for modeling direct detection of reflected stellar radiation from Earth-similar terrestrial exoplanets. Exoplanets similar to Earth require more sophisticated simulation tools than planets with optically thick atmospheres, because both the atmospheric composition and spatial distribution of clouds and surface materials will impact the integrated reflected radiation. Thus, accurate simulations need to employ a three-dimensional approach where the exoplanet surface and cloud field are explicitly modeled. Our modeling framework is designed using a modular approach which splits the explicit radiative transfer calculations from the geometric calculations to produce a disk-integrated reflectance. The modular layout allows different radiative transfer models to be used, and their outputs can be efficiently re-used in larger simulations of orbital phase or rotational light curves. The model is designed to compute unpolarized disk-integrated reflectance spectra. These simulated spectra can help inform preparatory science activities for future direct-imaging missions, such as the WFIRST CGI, HabEx, and LUVOIR. This work highlights several case studies using the TSS: simulation of rotational light curves for a modern Earth twin, simulation of the EPOXI Earth observations, and simulation of a past Earth from a paleoclimate simulation. These case studies illustrate that the TSS simulations agree well with the EPOXI Earth observations, and illustrates how the TSS can be used to support exoplanet research.

New modified-majority voter-based efficient QCA digital logic design

ABSTRACTQuantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is an emerging nanotechnology and a possible alternative solution to the limitation of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. One of the most attractive fields in QCA is the implementation of configurable digital systems. This article presents a novel multifunctional gate called the modified-majority voter (MMV). The proposed gate works on the explicit interaction of the cell characteristic property for the implementation of digital circuits. This prominent feature of the proposed gate reduces the maximum hardware cost and implements highly efficient QCA structures. To verify the functionality of the proposed gate, some physical proofs, truth table and computational simulation results are performed. These results assured the validity of the existence of the proposed gate. It also dissipates less energy which has been calculated under three separate tunnelling energy levels using the QCAPro tool. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed MMV gate, several optimal irreversible arithmetic circuits such as three-input XOR, half-adder and full-adder are proposed. The modular layouts are verified with the freely available QCADesigner tool version 2.0.3.

Development of a modular fluorescence overlay tissue imaging system for wide-field intraoperative surgical guidance.

Fluorescence imaging is a well-established optical modality that has been used to localize and track fluorophores in vivo and has demonstrated great potential for surgical guidance. Despite the variety of fluorophores currently being researched, many existing intraoperative fluorescence imaging systems are specifically designed for a limited number of applications. We present a modular wide-field fluorescence overlay tissue imaging system for intraoperative surgical guidance that is comprised of commercially available standardized components. Its modular layout allows for the accommodation of a broad range of fluorophores, fields of view (FOV), and spatial resolutions while maintaining an integrated portable design for intraoperative use. Measurements are automatic and feature a real-time projection overlay technique that intuitively displays fluorescence maps directly onto a [Formula: see text] FOV from a working distance of 35cm. At a 20-ms exposure time, [Formula: see text] samples of indocyanine green could be measured with high signal-to-noise ratio and was later tested in an in vivo mouse model before finally being demonstrated for intraoperative autofluorescence imaging of human soft tissue sarcoma margins. The system's modular design and ability to enable naked-eye visualization of wide-field fluorescence allow for the flexibility to adapt to numerous clinical applications and can potentially extend the adoption of fluorescence imaging for intraoperative use.

Design of novel QCA-based half/full subtractors

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is an emerging nanotechnology and a possible alternative to the related issues of traditional complementary metal oxide semiconductors. It offers advantages such as high device density, high operating speed and ultra-low power consumption compared with semiconductor transistor-based technologies. Adder and subtractor circuits are the fundamental arithmetic logic circuits used in digital systems. The performance of digital systems can directly affect the operation of adder and subtractor circuits. In this direction, several QCA digital approaches have been devised to increase the performance of adder and subtractor circuits. In this paper, novel half/full subtractors using a single-layer scheme of QCA cells are proposed. The proposed structures have the most beneficial features of low power consumption, reduced area, less latency (clock delays) and circuit complexity (number of cells) compared to conventional designs. In addition, a novel controlled half adder/subtractor is presented. The modular layouts are verified with the freely available QCADesigner tool version 2.0.3. The results of computer simulations carried out on the proposed designs have confirmed the suitability of the proposed techniques.

Cascaded Multilevel Inverter of 11 Levels for RL Load with Reduced Distortion

Cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter structure allows modularized circuit layout and packaging, but they are prone to high switching losses due to high switching frequency. This problem can be alleviated by reducing the number of semiconductor switches and decreasing the number of switching per cycle. To overcome the foresaid drawbacks, this paper presents an 11 level cascaded H-bridge inverter feeding RL load, with reduced switching losses and less harmonic distortion. The inverter output voltage can be shaped by having unequal voltage sources. With proper switching, number of levels can be increased thus reducing the harmonic distortion, meanwhile the number of switching are also to be optimized. The proposed asymmetrical H-bridge inverter uses lesser number of switches and switching.

Application of Cascaded Multilevel Inverter for High Voltage Grid-Connected PV System

The cascaded multilevel inverter may be the best topology to satisfy continuously increasing capacity and scale of grid-connected photovoltaic generation system due to its modularized circuit layout and sufficiently high operating voltage without devices in series. The operating principle of the cascaded multilevel inverter is presented. The control strategy of carrier phase shift PWM is proposed and discussed in detail. A grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) generation system based on a seven level cascaded inverter is provided. Simulation model of a seven level cascaded inverter with phase shifted PWM is built in Simulink environment and simulation results verify that the cascaded multilevel inverter can output high level voltage without devices in series, reduce harmonics, and output high quality waveforms.

Development of novel electroplating tank layout by computer simulations and verification tests

A novel modular tank layout, which flexibly adapts to various electroplating processes, is introduced and its feasibility has been studied by a three-dimensional simulation model. The new layout uses floor space and process volume more effectively and brings necessary novelty to the electroplating industry which partially suffers from outdated process equipment and low competitiveness. Trivalent chromium plating has been chosen as a test process in the simulation model since replacing hexavalent chromium is an important issue in the industry. The simulation model has been verified by conducting an extensive series of experimental coating thickness measurements and supplementing the model with these results. The results of the simulations support the feasibility of the new tank layout and show that it is possible to obtain good coating thickness uniformity when running separate coating processes simultaneously in one tank with different plating currents and surface areas of the objects to be plated.

Novel Adder Circuits Based On Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA)

Quantum-dot cellular automaton (QCA) is a novel nanotechnology that provides a very different computation platform than traditional CMOS, in which polarization of electrons indicates the digital information. This paper demonstrates designing combinational circuits based on quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) nanotechnology, which offers a way to implement logic and all interconnections with only one homogeneous layer of cells. In this paper, the authors have proposed a novel design of XOR gate. This model proves designing capabilities of combinational circuits that are compatible with QCA gates within nano-scale. Novel adder circuits such as half adders, full adders, which avoid the fore, mentioned noise paths, crossovers by careful clocking organization, have been proposed. Experiment results show that the performance of proposed designs is more efficient than conventional designs. The modular layouts are verified with the freely available QCA Designer tool.

Multiobjective Fuzzy Mixed Assembly Line Sequencing Optimization Model

It can be deduced from previous studies that there exists a research gap in assembly line sequencing optimization model for mixed-model production lines. In particular, there is a lack of studies which focus on the integration between job shop and assembly lines using fuzzy techniques. Hence, this paper is aimed at addressing the multiobjective mixed-model assembly line sequencing problem by integrating job shop and assembly production lines for factories with modular layouts. The primary goal is to minimize the make-span, setup time, and cost simultaneously in mixed-model assembly lines. Such conflicting goals arise when switching between different products. A genetic algorithm (GA) approach is used to solve this problem, in which trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are implemented for variables such as operation and travelling time in order to generate results with higher accuracy and representative of real-case data.

Effects of task and attentional selection on responses in human visual cortex

Multiple visual tasks can be performed on the same visual input, with different tasks presumably engaging different neuronal populations. The modular layout of the visual system implies that specific cortical regions carry more information about certain stimulus attributes than others. Thus it is reasonable to assume that decisions during a task will be optimal if they are based on the responses of the most informative neuronal signals, which presumably originate in regions with the sharpest tuning for the relevant stimulus feature. Previous studies have supported this position. Here we present the results of two fMRI experiments that confirm these findings and expand on earlier investigations by addressing the effects of the physical properties of an attended stimulus on task-related modulations in human visual cortex. Specifically, we ask whether performing two-alternative forced choice speed- and color-discrimination tasks (and other attentional processes) can modulate neural activity independent of visual stimulation and whether the effect of spatial attention depends on which task is being performed. The results indicate that 1) when stimulation and spatial attention are constant, responses in V4 and MT+ depend on the task being performed and are independent of the tested physical properties of the selected stimulus, 2) this task-dependent modulation might require a stimulus--task-specific preparatory mechanisms alone are not sufficient to drive responses, and 3) independent of which task is being performed, spatial attention adds a baseline shift to responses in MT+ and V4 when a stimulus is present.

Optimal Design of Steel Structure Residential Buildings in Xinjiang Region

There are a long winter and a short outdoor construction period in Xinjiang, being an earthquake-prone area. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for the development of steel structure residential buildings. This article explains the current problems in the design of steel structure residential buildings in Xinjiang region. For example, the backward concept of design, the random design of kitchen and bathroom, which leads to too many specifications, being not conducive to industrial production and large amount of steel using , etc. The optimal design ideas were put forward, which included architectural specialty to be dominant, standardized and conventionalized design, serialized, modular and flexible layout. Finally, an example of optimal design was given.

NEMO5: A Parallel Multiscale Nanoelectronics Modeling Tool

The development of a new nanoelectronics modeling tool, NEMO5, is reported. The tool computes strain, phonon spectra, electronic band structure, charge density, charge current, and other properties of nanoelectronic devices. The modular layout enables a mix and match of physical models with different length scales and varying numerical complexity. NEMO5 features multilevel parallelization and is based on open-source packages. Its versatility is demonstrated with selected application examples: a multimillion-atom strain calculation, bulk electron and phonon band structures, a 1-D Schrödinger-Poisson simulation, a multiphysics simulation of a resonant tunneling diode, and quantum transport through a nanowire transistor.

Modular Visualization of Distributed Systems

Effective visualization is critical to developing, analyzing, and optimizing distributed systems. We havedeveloped OverView, a tool for online/offline distributed systems visualization, that enables modular layout mechanisms, so that different distributed system high-level programming abstractions such as actors or processes can be visualized in intuitive ways. OverView uses by default a hierarchical concentric layout that distinguishes entities from containers allowing migration patterns triggered by adaptive middleware to be visualized. In this paper, we develop a force-directed layout strategy that connects entities according to their communication patterns in order to directly exhibit the application communication topologies. In force-directed visualization, entities`' locations are encoded with different colors to illustrate load balancing. We compare these layouts using quantitative metrics including communication to entity ratio, applied on common distributed application topologies. We conclude that modular visualization is necessary to effectively visualize distributed systems since no one layout is best for all applications.

NOVEL FCS-BASED LAYOUT-FRIENDLY ACCURATE WIDE-BAND LOW-POWER CCII- REALIZATIONS

This paper presents two novel Floating Current Source (FCS)-based CMOS negative second generation current conveyor (CCII-) realizations suitable for very large scale implementation. The proposed realizations provide high voltage and current tracking accuracy, as well as large voltage and current transfer bandwidths. Simulation results show that the first proposed wide-band CCII- bandwidth is about 972 MHz. Targeting low-power dissipation, a second low-power version of the wide-band CCII- is proposed at the expense of lower bandwidth and accuracy. The proposed CCII- realizations are layout-friendly because they can be easily fabricated in a systematic modular layout fashion. In addition, a fair comparison is held between the proposed realizations and the only FCS-based CCII- realizations in the literature to show the strength of the proposed circuits. The proposed two CCII- realizations show excellent immunity to process variations and transistor mismatch. In addition, they are insensitive to the temperature variations. Finally, two common CCII- applications are presented.