Modular Diagrams Research Articles

Composition features of the Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian rocks of the Losinoostrov Fm. and the role of extrabasin sources in their formation (Subpolar Urals)

Research subject. The Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian rocks of the Losinoostrov Formation of the Belsk-Eletsk structural-formational zone, exposed on the left bank of the Kozhim river, near the mouth of the stream Northnichael of the western slope of the Subpolar Urals. Methods. Optical and electron microscopic methods (including cathodoluminescence), chemical silicate, carbonate and X-ray diffraction analyses. Results and conclusions. The studied rocks are assigned to three main groups: mixtolites (rocks of mixed composition), carbonatoliths, and silicytolites with varieties. Mixtoliths consist of three and four main components: carbonate, silty, argillaceous and siliceous. The variable ratio of rock-forming components of mixtolites was clearly reflected in the discriminative modular diagram. Here, fields of predominantly siliceous and silty mixolites (cluster I), predominantly argillaceous (cluster III), as well as transitional mixolites (cluster II) are identified. Relatively pure and silty-argillaceous-siliceous limestones were distinguished among carbonatoliths. According to the formed elements, pure limestones are divided into bioclastic and peloid-micritic. Silicytolites are represented by (1) radiolarites and radiolarian spongoliths; (2) silty-argillaceous silicytolites and (3) cherts (secondary siliceous formations). The established quantitative ratios of rock-forming components showed that more than half of the studied mixtoliths are composed mainly of the material of extrabasinal origin. Relatively high contents of extrabasinal fine material in carbonatoliths indicate a periodic decrement of the hydrodynamic regime during the accumulation of the upper part of the formation. The studied deposits were probably formed in distal and proximal ramp settings.

Trajectory Tracking Model Predictive Controller Design for Autonomous Vehicles with Updating Constrains of Tire Characteristics

In this paper, we address the problem of trajectory tracking control of autonomous vehicles by considering the nonlinear characteristics of tires. By considering the influence of the tires’ dynamics on steering stability, the proposed predictive controller can track the desired trajectory and desired velocity in the presence of road curvature while minimizing the lateral tracking deviation. First of all, a hierarchical control structure is adopted, in which the upper-level controller is used to calculate the desired acceleration and the desired front-wheel angle to maintain the control target, and the lower-level controller realized the command through the corresponding component devices. Moreover, a force estimator is designed based on the radial basis function (RBF) neural network to estimate the lateral force of the tires, which is incorporated into the boundary conditions of the vehicle envelope constraint to improve the adaptability of the controller to the vehicle performance. Finally, the proposed controller is tested by co-simulation of CarSim (a simulation software specifically for vehicle dynamics)/Simulink (a modular diagram environment for multidomain simulation as well as model-based design) and hardware-in-loop simulation system. The co-simulation and experimental results demonstrate the controller safely driving at the vehicle’s handling limits and effectively reduce the slip phenomenon of the vehicle.

Modular Representation of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models: Nanoparticle Delivery to Solid Tumors in Mice as an Example

Here we describe a toolkit for presenting physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models in a modular graphical view in the BioUML platform. Firstly, we demonstrate the BioUML capabilities for PBPK modeling tested on an existing model of nanoparticles delivery to solid tumors in mice. Secondly, we provide guidance on the conversion of the PBPK model code from a text modeling language like Berkeley Madonna to a visual modular diagram in the BioUML. We give step-by-step explanations of the model transformation and demonstrate that simulation results from the original model are exactly the same as numerical results obtained for the transformed model. The main advantage of the proposed approach is its clarity and ease of perception. Additionally, the modular representation serves as a simplified and convenient base for in silico investigation of the model and reduces the risk of technical errors during its reuse and extension by concomitant biochemical processes. In summary, this article demonstrates that BioUML can be used as an alternative and robust tool for PBPK modeling.

Double series representations for Schur's partition function and related identities

We prove new double summation hypergeometric q-series representations for several families of partitions, including those that appear in the famous product identities of Göllnitz, Gordon, and Schur. We give several different proofs for our results, using bijective partitions mappings and modular diagrams, the theory of q-difference equations and recurrences, and the theories of summation and transformation for q-series. We also consider a general family of similar double series and highlight a number of other interesting special cases.

Local atomic structure and electrical properties of Ge20Se80−xTex (x=0, 5, 10, and 15) glasses doped with Ho

Abstract Measurements of ac and dc conductivities, complex electrical modulus, static permittivity, dielectric relaxation, and X-ray diffraction of the glassy system Ge20Se80−xTex (x = 0, 5, 10, and 15), “pure” and doped with 1000–2000 wt.-ppm Ho (added as metal or oxide), are presented and discussed. Influence of crystallization and/or phase separation on these properties is described. Temperature dependences of the dc conductivity are Arrhenius-like; their conduction activation energy increases (0.73–0.84 eV) and the dc conductivity decreases (1.5×10−6−8×10−8 S/m, at 60 °C) with decreasing concentration of Te. Doping with Ho3+ ions in a metallic form decreases the conduction activation energy. Relative static permittivity of glasses ranges from 9.6 to 12.8. The highest values are found in heavily doped, partly crystallized glasses. The lowest values are found in “pure” glasses with a high content of Te. At 1000 wt.-ppm Ho, modular diagrams are almost semicircular, modular spectra are Debye-like, and their shape is independent on temperature. At 2000 wt.-ppm Ho, two relaxation processes appear and the shape of both modular diagrams and modular spectra depend on temperature. A partial crystallization takes place in these glasses. For heavily doped glasses (1500 and 2000 wt.-ppm Ho), XRD experiments, using high-energy photons, show distinct Bragg peaks stemming from a tiny fraction (about 0.25%) of crystalline phases. Crystalline component is rather homogeneously distributed within the sample. Changing level of Ho doping affects the short-distance arrangement in glasses. A higher level of Ho doping implies shortening of the inter-atomic distances, higher mean atomic density, and higher coordination numbers what suggests better atomic packing.

A Mobile Payment Based on-Street Parking Management System

An on-street parking management system based on mobile payment is proposed in this paper, including system goal and major functions, system architecture, system modular diagram, system database structure, and its implementation, which will prompt the application of mobile payment in on-street parking management and reduce the monetary lost in the on-street parking toll collection process.

The KOH terms and classes of unimodal N-modular diagrams

We show how certain suitably modified N-modular diagrams of integer partitions provide a nice combinatorial interpretation for the general term of Zeilbergerʼs KOH identity. This identity is the reformulation of OʼHaraʼs famous proof of the unimodality of the Gaussian polynomial as a combinatorial identity. In particular, we determine, using different bijections, two main natural classes of modular diagrams of partitions with bounded parts and length, having the KOH terms as their generating functions. One of our results greatly extends recent theorems of J. Quinn et al., which presented striking applications to quantum physics.

On the Uniform Generation of Modular Diagrams

In this paper we present an algorithm that generates $k$-noncrossing, $\sigma$-modular diagrams with uniform probability. A diagram is a labeled graph of degree $\le 1$ over $n$ vertices drawn in a horizontal line with arcs $(i,j)$ in the upper half-plane. A $k$-crossing in a diagram is a set of $k$ distinct arcs $(i_1, j_1), (i_2, j_2),\ldots,(i_k, j_k)$ with the property $i_1 < i_2 < \ldots < i_k < j_1 < j_2 < \ldots < j_k$. A diagram without any $k$-crossings is called a $k$-noncrossing diagram and a stack of length $\sigma$ is a maximal sequence $((i,j),(i+1,j-1),\dots,(i+(\sigma-1),j-(\sigma-1)))$. A diagram is $\sigma$-modular if any arc is contained in a stack of length at least $\sigma$. Our algorithm generates after $O(n^k)$ preprocessing time, $k$-noncrossing, $\sigma$-modular diagrams in $O(n)$ time and space complexity.

Modular, $k$-Noncrossing Diagrams

In this paper we compute the generating function of modular, $k$-noncrossing diagrams. A $k$-noncrossing diagram is called modular if it does not contain any isolated arcs and any arc has length at least four. Modular diagrams represent the deformation retracts of RNA tertiary structures and their properties reflect basic features of these bio-molecules. The particular case of modular noncrossing diagrams has been extensively studied. Let ${Q}_k(n)$ denote the number of modular $k$-noncrossing diagrams over $n$ vertices. We derive exact enumeration results as well as the asymptotic formula ${Q}_k(n)\sim c_k n^{-(k-1)^2-{k-1\over2}}\gamma_{k}^{-n}$ for $k=3, \ldots, 9$ and derive a new proof of the formula ${Q}_2(n)\sim 1.4848\, n^{-3/2}\,1.8489^{n}$ (Hofacker et al. 1998).

The $q$-Binomial Theorem and two Symmetric $q$-Identities

We notice two symmetric $q$-identities, which are special cases of the transformations of $_2\phi_1$ series in Gasper and Rahman's book (Basic Hypergeometric Series, Cambridge University Press, 1990, p. 241). In this paper, we give combinatorial proofs of these two identities and the $q$-binomial theorem by using conjugation of $2$-modular diagrams.

A Metabolic Enzyme That Rapidly Produces Superoxide, Fumarate Reductase of Escherichia coli

Aerobic organisms synthesize superoxide dismutases in order to escape injury from endogenous superoxide. An earlier study of Escherichia coli indicated that intracellular superoxide is formed primarily by autoxidation of components of the respiratory chain. In order to identify those components, inverted respiratory vesicles were incubated with five respiratory substrates. In most cases, essentially all of the superoxide was formed through autoxidation of fumarate reductase, despite the paucity of this anaerobic terminal oxidase in the aerobic cells from which the vesicles were prepared. In contrast, most dehydrogenases, the respiratory quinones, and the cytochrome oxidases did not produce any detectable superoxide. The propensity of fumarate reductase to generate superoxide could conceivably deluge cells with superoxide when anaerobic cells, which contain abundant fumarate reductase, enter an aerobic habitat. In fact, deletion or overexpression of the frd structural genes improved and retarded, respectively, the outgrowth of superoxide dismutase-attenuated cells when they were abruptly aerated, suggesting that fumarate reductase is a major source of superoxide in vivo. Steric inhibitors that bind adjacent to the flavin completely blocked superoxide production, indicating that the flavin, rather than an iron-sulfur cluster, is the direct electron donor to oxygen. Since the turnover numbers for superoxide formation by other flavoenzymes are orders of magnitude lower than that of fumarate reductase (1600 min-1), additional steric or electronic factors must accelerate its autoxidation.

The importance of static structures in software construction

The static structure is the physical organization of a system's functional modules in terms of their structural relations. It is the packaging of the dynamic structure into textually self-contained modules, taking into consideration the construction strategy and how much of module's internal part should be visible to other modules. Hierarchical modular diagrams (HMD), a module-interface-oriented graphics language that develops can specify the structural relations among modules and map design concepts into a hierarchy of program components independently of the implementation language, is described. The application of HMD to manage a real-time system in a library of separately compiled Ada units is described. It is shown that by using HMD in conjunction with modern software engineering languages like Ada, the static structure can be built earlier in the design process. This lets designers evaluate safety-critical issues as well as reusability concerns long before they make safety checks and implementation decisions. More important, engineers can analyze the effect of approaches to incremental construction before committing additional resources.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>