Modular Development Research Articles

DEVELOPMENT AND ASSESSMENT OF SEVERAL HIGH-RESOLUTION SCHEMES FOR COMPRESSIBLE EULER EQUATIONS

High-resolution extensions to six Riemann solvers and three flux vector splitting schemes are developed within the framework of a reconstruction-evolution approach. Third-order spatial accuracy is achieved using two different piecewise parabolic reconstructions and a weighted essentially nonoscillatory scheme. A three-stage TVD Runge–Kutta time stepping is employed for temporal integration. The modular development of solvers provides an ease in selecting a reconstruction scheme and/or a Riemann solver/flux vector splitting scheme. The performances of these high-resolution solvers are compared for several one- and two-dimensional test cases. Based on a comprehensive assessment of the solutions obtained with all solvers, it is found that the use of the weighted essentially nonoscillatory reconstruction with the van Leer flux vector splitting scheme provides solutions for a variety of problems with acceptable accuracy.

Verifying Protocol Conformance Using Software Model Checking for the Model-Driven Development of Embedded Systems

To facilitate modular development, the use of state machines has been proposed to specify the protocol (i.e., the sequence of messages) that each port of a component can engage in. The protocol conformance checking problem consists of determining whether the actual behavior of a component conforms to the protocol specifications on its ports. In this paper, we consider this problem in the context of the model-driven development (MDD) of embedded systems based on UML 2, in which UML 2 state machines are used to specify component behavior. We provide a definition of conformance which slightly extends those found in the literature and reduce the conformance check to a state space exploration. We describe a tool implementing the approach using the Java PathFinder software model checker and the MDD tool IBM Rational RoseRT, discuss its application to three case studies, and show how the tool repeatedly allowed us to find unexpected conformance errors with encouraging performance. We conclude that the approach is promising for supporting the modular development of embedded components in the context of industrial applications of MDD.

Modular neck femoral stems

Following the recall of modular neck hip stems in July 2012, research into femoral modularity will intensify over the next few years. This review aims to provide surgeons with an up-to-date summary of the clinically relevant evidence. The development of femoral modularity, and a classification system, is described. The theoretical rationale for modularity is summarised and the clinical outcomes are explored. The review also examines the clinically relevant problems reported following the use of femoral stems with a modular neck. Joint replacement registries in the United Kingdom and Australia have provided data on the failure rates of modular devices but cannot identify the mechanism of failure. This information is needed to determine whether modular neck femoral stems will be used in the future, and how we should monitor patients who already have them implanted.

The Research and Development of Digital Factory Integrated Information System for Discrete Manufacturing Enterprise

According to the characteristics of the discrete manufacture enterprise, analyze the existing problems in modern enterprise of production process , Develop a digital factory integrated information system which is suitable for manufacturing enterprise , Put forward the necessity of PDM/MRP/ERP for manufacturing enterprises , MES system is analyzed emphatically in the digital factory integrated information system which is of great importance and indispensability, Digital factory integrated information system adopts modular development technology, And have applied in some manufacturing enterprise.

Cell-Penetrating Bisubstrate-Based Protein Kinase C Inhibitors

Although protein kinase inhibitors present excellent pharmaceutical opportunities, lack of selectivity and associated therapeutic side effects are common. Bisubstrate-based inhibitors targeting both the high-selectivity peptide substrate binding groove and the high-affinity ATP pocket address this. However, they are typically large and polar, hampering cellular uptake. This paper describes a modular development approach for bisubstrate-based kinase inhibitors furnished with cell-penetrating moieties and demonstrates their cellular uptake and intracellular activity against protein kinase C (PKC). This enzyme family is a longstanding pharmaceutical target involved in cancer, immunological disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, selectivity is particularly difficult to achieve because of homology among family members and with several related kinases, making PKC an excellent proving ground for bisubstrate-based inhibitors. Besides the pharmacological potential of the novel cell-penetrating constructs, the modular strategy described here may be used for discovering selective, cell-penetrating kinase inhibitors against any kinase and may increase adoption and therapeutic application of this promising inhibitor class.

A design rule language for aspect-oriented programming

Aspect-oriented programming is known as a technique for modularizing crosscutting concerns. However, constructs aimed to support crosscutting modularity might actually break class modularity. As a consequence, class developers face changeability, parallel development and comprehensibility problems, because they must be aware of aspects whenever they develop or maintain a class. At the same time, aspects are vulnerable to changes in classes, since there is no contract specifying the points of interaction amongst these elements. These problems can be mitigated by using adequate design rules between classes and aspects. We present a design rule specification language and explore its benefits since the initial phases of the development process, specially with the aim of supporting modular development of classes and aspects. We discuss how our language improves crosscutting modularity without breaking class modularity. We evaluate it using a real case study and compare it with other approaches.

Modular development of the teleost trunk along the dorsoventral axis and zic1/zic4 as selector genes in the dorsal module

Teleost fish exhibit remarkable diversity in morphology, such as fins and coloration, particularly on the dorsal side. These structures are evolutionary adaptive because their back is highly visible to other individuals. However, owing to the late phenotypic appearance (from larva to adult) and lack of appropriate mutants, the genetic mechanisms that regulate these dorsoventrally asymmetric external patterns are largely unknown. To address this, we have analyzed the spontaneous medaka mutant Double anal fin (Da), which exhibits a mirror-image duplication of the ventral half across the lateral midline from larva to adult. Da is an enhancer mutant for zic1 and zic4 in which their expression in dorsal somites is lost. We show that the dorsoventral polarity in Da somites is lost and then demonstrate using transplantation techniques that somites and their derived tissues globally determine the multiple dorsal-specific characteristics of the body (fin morphology and pigmentation) from embryo to adult. Intriguingly, the zic1/zic4 expression in the wild type persists throughout life in the dorsal parts of somite derivatives, i.e. the myotome, dermis and vertebrae, forming a broad dorsal domain in the trunk. Comparative analysis further implies a central role for zic1/zic4 in morphological diversification of the teleost body. Taken together, we propose that the teleost trunk consists of dorsal/ventral developmental modules and that zic1/zic4 in somites function as selector genes in the dorsal module to regulate multiple dorsal morphologies.

Interrelations between Modular Product Architecture and Product Development Organization

The main purpose of our research is to analyze the interrelations between modular product architecture and product development organizations. Using a qualitative case study approach we specifically ask what the interrelations between the product architecture and the product development organization are and how one affects the other. We investigate five international manufacturing companies developing modular product families. Our results provide evidence for the existence of a two-way causality between modular product architecture and organizational modularity.

An improved model for multiple effect distillation

Increasing global demand for fresh water is driving research and development of advanced desalination technologies. As a result, a detailed model of multiple effect distillation (MED) is developed that is flexible, simple to implement, and suitable for use in optimization of water and power cogeneration systems. The MED system is modeled in a modular method in which each of the subcomponents is modeled individually and then instantiated as necessary in order to piece together the complete plant model. Modular development allows for studying various MED configurations (such as forward feed, parallel feed, etc.) with minimal code duplication. Use of equation-oriented solvers, such as Engineering Equation Solver and JACOBIAN, rather than sequential solvers, simplifies the coding complexity dramatically and also reduces the number of required approximations and assumptions. The developed model is compared with four prominent forward feed MED models from literature. Through parametric analysis, it is found that the present model compares very well with the simple model provided by El-Sayed and Silver while providing substantially more detail in regard to the various temperature profiles within the MED system. Further, the model is easier to implement than the detailed El-Dessouky model while relying on fewer assumptions. The increased detail of the model allows for proper sensitivities to key variables related to input, operating, and design conditions necessary for use in a cogeneration or hybrid system optimization process.

Design and Realization of Universal Radar Signal Processing Software

As parallel signal processing tasks are more and more widely used, a universal, efficient and flexible radar signal processing software is urgently needed in the field of radar signal processing. Traditional development of parallel signal processing needs a large number of specialized programs, and must couple with the hardware platform. Therefore, the cost of development and promotion is quite large. The universal radar signal processing software designed in this paper is an integrated development environment to achieve fully graphical, generalized, and modularized development. The software is able to automatically generate codes. This function replaces traditional developing method that needs designers write a large number of programs. The above function significantly shortens the developing cycle and improves the developing efficiency. Besides, the software is of powerful debugging features. Furthermore, the software has excellent generalization and expansibility for hardware platform.

Identifying Technology Integration in Engineering Education with Deep Dive Ethnographic Research

Abstract The advancement of the small form factors devices technology brings an opportunity to integrate these devices into the education practices. There are several ad-hoc examples of such integrations and these developed examples do not follow a methodology to carry out the background user research and any modular framework development to have versatile applications. We present an ethnographic research based approach to create a solid foundation of the user research and as a future research develop a systematic model to predict the user intention to use the technology in the field of education. Form the ethnographic study which was divided in two separate phases, we present here the results of a deep dive research as the granular pain points of the students as well as the desired improvements from the students which with our research direction, could be answered with the technology of imagination augmentation over small form factors devices, under development.

Reconfigurable Manufacturing Modular Structure Based on OPC Technology

To realize the modular development of manufacturing system, this paper proposes a new structure of reconfigurable manufacturing modular structure by introducing OPC technology. According to the theory hierarchical control system, we add a new OPC standard interface layer to system structure. Then, detailed design of OPC standard interface layer is presented, including design principle, the algorithm to coding OPC server/client and prototype system. Finally, the new modular system is applied in a product line of Molded-low-voltage circuit breaker. The result shows that the new module runs stably to meet reconfiguration of manufacturing system rapidly.

Three-phase modular single stage full-bridge converter for switched mode power supplies

In this paper, the modular development of a three-phase single stage ac-dc power converter based on single-phase ac-dc isolated full-bridge converter for telecom power supply applications is presented. Three single-phase converter modules are series connected to form a three-phase converter system to achieve balanced three-phase currents. This paper analyses the operation of a modular converter in continuous conduction mode (CCM) of power factor correction. The performance of such a modular full-bridge converter system has been evaluated with simulation based on a MATLAB model and the results are also presented. The main objective of the proposed system is to reduce the number of stages and improve the power factor of the input ac mains current. The proposed scheme offers simple control strategy, electrically isolated output, single-stage power conversion, elimination of power transformer at the front end and inherent power factor correction (PFC) for medium rating power supplies.

Using Simulation to Plan Tunnel Construction

AbstractTunneling’s linearity causes planning complications: at any point, the actions that can be taken are determined by previous accomplishments. These constraints mean that tunneling projects require careful preparation for success. Current planning tools do not address the breadth and scope of the variables affecting tunneling and are not easily updatable. This paper contributes a real-world case study of the practical use of scenario-based simulation analysis for project planning and decision support in a CA$22 million utility tunneling project in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. An integrated simulation-based solution for tunnel planning and decision support was created by using modular development and a high level architecture (HLA)-inspired communications framework. This is a demonstration of a generic yet flexible project modeling approach that may be of interest to both practitioners and researchers; it incorporates the modeling powers of simulation, appeals to a practicing tunneling engineer, and fa...

Behavioral interface specification languages

Behavioral interface specification languages provide formal code-level annotations, such as preconditions, postconditions, invariants, and assertions that allow programmers to express the intended behavior of program modules. Such specifications are useful for precisely documenting program behavior, for guiding implementation, and for facilitating agreement between teams of programmers in modular development of software. When used in conjunction with automated analysis and program verification tools, such specifications can support detection of common code vulnerabilities, capture of light-weight application-specific semantic properties, generation of test cases and test oracles, and full formal program verification. This article surveys behavioral interface specification languages with a focus toward automatic program verification and with a view towards aiding the Verified Software Initiative—a fifteen-year, cooperative, international project directed at the scientific challenges of large-scale software verification.

Vessel thermal map real-time system for the JET tokamak

The installation of international thermonuclear experimental reactor-relevant materials for the plasma facing components (PFCs) in the Joint European Torus (JET) is expected to have a strong impact on the operation and protection of the experiment. In particular, the use of all-beryllium tiles, which deteriorate at a substantially lower temperature than the formerly installed carbon fiber composite tiles, imposes strict thermal restrictions on the PFCs during operation. Prompt and precise responses are therefore required whenever anomalous temperatures are detected. The new vessel thermal map real-time application collects the temperature measurements provided by dedicated pyrometers and infrared cameras, groups them according to spatial location and probable offending heat source, and raises alarms that will trigger appropriate protective responses. In the context of the JET global scheme for the protection of the new wall, the system is required to run on a 10 ms cycle communicating with other systems through the real-time data network. In order to meet these requirements a commercial off-the-shelf solution has been adopted based on standard x86 multicore technology. Linux and the multithreaded application real-time executor (MARTe) software framework were respectively the operating system of choice and the real-time framework used to build the application. This paper presents an overview of the system with particular technical focus on the configuration of its real-time capability and the benefits of the modular development approach and advanced tools provided by the MARTe framework.

The phylotypic stage as a boundary of modular memory: non mechanistic perspective

The concept of the phylotypic stage has been strongly integrated into developmental biology, thanks mostly to drawings presented by Haeckel (Anthropogenie oder Entwicklungsgeschichte des Menschen, 1874). They are printed in every textbook as proof of the existence of the phylotypic stage and the fact of its conservation, albeit many times criticized as misleading and simplifying (Richardson in Develop Biol 172:412-421, 1995, Richardson et al. in Anat Embryo 196:91-106, 1997; Bininda-Emons et al. in Proc R Soc Lond 270:341-346, 2003). Although generally accepted by modern biology, doubt still exists concerning the very existence or the usefulness of the concept. What kind of evolutionary and developmental horizons does it open indeed? This article begins with the history of the concept, discusses its validity and draws this into connotation with the idea of a memory activated throughout the development. Barbieri (The organic codes. An introduction to semantic biology, 2003) considers the phylotypic stage to be a crucial boundary when the genetic program ceases to suffice for further development of the embryo, and supracellular memory of the body plan is activated. This moment clearly coincides with the commencing of the modular development of the embryo. In this article the nature of such putative memory will be discussed.

A Pay-per-Use Licensing Scheme for Hardware IP Cores in Recent SRAM-Based FPGAs

Currently achievable intellectual property (IP) protection solutions for field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are limited to single large "monolithic" configurations. However, the ever growing capabilities of FPGAs and the consequential increasing complexity of their designs ask for a modular development model, where individual IP cores from multiple parties are integrated into a larger system. To enable such a model, the availability of IP protection at the modular level is imperative. In this work, we propose an IP protection mechanism for FPGA designs at the level of individual IP cores, by making use of the self-reconfiguring capabilities of modern FPGAs and deploying a trusted third party to run a metering service, similar to the work of Giineysu et ah and Drimer et at The proposed scheme makes it possible to enforce a pay-per-use licensing scheme which holds considerable advantages, both for IP core providers as well as for system integrators. Moreover, the scheme has a minimal implementation overhead and is the first of its kind to be solely based on primitives that are already available in recent commercially available FPGA devices. This allows for an immediate and feasible deployment, in contrast to earlier proposed solutions.

Framework of a representation model for modular product development

Partitioning, development, fabrication, and management of construction blocks of modular products still heavily rely on manual labor of sophisticated designers because existing representation models seldom have automatic capability of product data processing for modular product development. To cope with this challenge, a framework for building an efficient representation model for modular product development has been developed. First, the framework redefines some very important concepts in order to make them clear and accurate. Second, the framework proposes a generic structure for modular products, which comes from the analysis and synthesis of real cases of modular product development in industry. Third, concept formalization is brought forward to facilitate manufacturers to establish responding ontology while the development process for modular product development ontology is provided as a simple reference for manufacturers to build their own modular product development ontology. Last, the analysis shows that the proposed approach is feasible, and may assist manufacturers to establish modular product development ontology for automation in modular product development.

Engineering use cases for modular development of ontologies in OWL

This paper presents use cases for modular development of ontologies using the OWL imports mechanism. Many of the methods are inspired by work in modular development in software engineering. The approach is aimed at developers of large ontologies covering multiple subdomains that make use of OWL reasoners for inference. Such ontologies are common in biomedical sciences, but nothing in the paper is specific to biomedicine. There are four groups of use cases: (i) organisation and factoring of ontologies; (ii) maintaining stable interfaces and bindings between ontologies and between ontologies and software; (iii) localization of ontologies to the requirements of specific sites and (iv) extension of ontologies and encapsulation of modifications. OWL's axiom-oriented import mechanism has many similarities with import mechanisms in object-oriented software but also important differences - in particular, the effects of OWL imports are global, and the order in which modules are imported is irrelevant. The advantages and disadvantages of OWL's axiom-oriented approach are discussed, and suggestions are made for extensions to allow axioms to be filtered out as well as added - a mechanism that we term “adaptation” to distinguish it from the standard import mechanism. Finally we discuss possible alternatives and practical experience with the approaches presented.