Modular Connection Research Articles

Layer Winner-Take-All neural networks based on existing competitive structures

In this paper, we propose generalized layer winner-take-all (WTA) neural networks based on the suggested full WTA networks, which can be extended from any existing WTA structure with a simple weighted-and-sum neuron. With modular regularity and local connection, the layer WTA network in either hierarchical or recursive structure is suitable for a large number of competitors. The complexity and convergence performances of layer and direct WTA neural networks are analyzed. Simulation results and theoretical analyzes verify that the layer WTA neural networks with extendibility outperform their original direct WTA structures in aspects of low complexity and fast convergence.

A modular micromachined high-density connector system for biomedical applications.

This paper presents a high-density, modular, low-profile, small, and removable connector system developed using micromachining technologies for biomedical applications. This system consists of a silicon or polyimide electrode with one end in contact with the biological tissue and its back-end supported in a titanium base (12.5 mm in diameter and 2.5 mm in height) that is fixed on the test subject. An external glass substrate (6 x 6 x 0.75 mm3), which supports a flexible polyimide diaphragm and CMOS buffers, is attached to the titanium base whenever electrical contact is required. The polyimide flexible diaphragm contains high-density gold electroplated pads (32 pads, each having an area of 100 x 100 micron 2 and separated by 150 microns) which match similar pads on the electrode back-end. When vacuum is applied between the two, the polyimide diaphragm deflects and the corresponding gold pads touch, therefore, establishing electrical connection. In vitro electrical tests in saline solution have been performed on a 32-site connector system demonstrating < 5 omega contact resistance, which remained stable after 70 connections, and -55 dB crosstalk at 1 kHz between adjacent channels. In vivo experiments have also confirmed the establishment of multiple contacts and have produced simultaneous biopotential recordings from the guinea pig occipital cortex.

Modular glovebox connector and associated good practices for control of radioactive and chemically toxic materials.

Design and associated good practices are described for a modular glovebox connector to improve control of radioactive and chemically toxic materials. The connector consists of an anodized aluminum circular port with a mating spacer, gaskets, and retaining rings for joining two parallel ends of commercially available or custom-manufactured glovebox enclosures. Use of the connector allows multiple gloveboxes to be quickly assembled or reconfigured in functional units. Connector dimensions can be scaled to meet operational requirements for access between gloveboxes. Options for construction materials are discussed, along with recommendations for installation of the connector in new or retrofitted systems. Associated good practices include application of surface coatings and caulking, use of disposable glovebags, and proper selection and protection of gasket and glove materials. Use of the connector at an inhalation toxicology research facility has reduced the time and expense required to reconfigure equipment for changing operational requirements, the dispersion of contamination during reconfigurations, and the need for decommissioning and disposal of contaminated enclosures.

A New Multifunctional Mass Termination Connector

A new modular connector system has been developed for the mass termination of intrabay and interbay wiring of electronic equipment such as in telephone central offices. Intended for semipermanent connections when only a few reconnects are anticipated, the connector can be used for splicing, bridging, and halftapping cable having 22-26 gauge solid copper conductors with a variety of insulations. The connector utilizes the slotted-beam insulation-piercing contact in a conceptually new fashion; the contact is designed for up to ten reinsertions on the same point of a wire with high reliability and long-term stability. To achieve the small size, high strength, and elasticity requirements of the contact element, a newly developed spinodal copper-nickel-tin alloy is used for the contact material. The design and performance of this new modular connector system are discussed. Also covered are the associated assembly tools, typical applications, and environmental testing of the connector.