Modified Wheat Bran Research Articles

Fermented and extruded wheat bran in piglet diets: impact on performance, intestinal morphology, microbial metabolites in chyme and blood lipid radicals

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of native, fermented and extruded wheat bran on the performance and intestinal morphology of piglets. Additionally, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), biogenic amines, ammonia, lactic acid, pH as well as E. coli and lactic acid bacterial counts were analysed in digesta samples from three gut sections. Furthermore, the antioxidant potential in blood samples was evaluated based on the lipid radicals formed. For this purpose, 48 newly weaned piglets (28 d old) were allocated to one of the four different dietary treatment groups: no wheat bran (Control), native wheat bran, fermented wheat bran as well as extruded wheat bran. Wheat bran variants were included at 150 g/kg into the diets. All diets were mixed to reach the calculated isonitrogenic nutrient contents. Gut tissue and digesta samples were collected from the proximal jejunum, the terminal ileum and the colon ascendens, blood samples directly at slaughter. Although none of the dietary interventions had an impact on performance parameters, the amount of goblet cells in the ileum was increased upon feeding native and extruded wheat bran, compared to fermented bran (p < 0.05). The E. coli counts in colonic chyme were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the Control group compared to the groups fed with wheat bran. The concentration of SCFA showed differences for minor compounds (p < 0.05), while linear contrast analyses revealed a reduced concentration of total SCFA in the colon following the feeding of modified wheat bran compared to native wheat bran. This may suggest that several compounds are more easily digested already in the ileum, resulting in a reduced nutrient flow into the large intestine and therefore less unexploited digesta is available as substrate for the microorganisms there. Fermentation also resulted in a significant decrease of methylamine in the colon (p < 0.05), while other biogenic amines in the ileum and colon showed no statistically significant differences. The formation of lipid radicals was decreased (p < 0.05) after feeding native wheat bran compared to the Control group. These results suggest that fermentation and extrusion of wheat bran exert some different impact regarding their physiological mode of action.

Biosorption of Uranium by Magnetically Modified Wheat Bran

The wheat bran was magnetically modified with microwave-synthesized magnetic iron oxides particles. Magnetic wheat bran was chosen as a biosorbent for removal of uranium from aqueous solutions. The uranium sorption increased with increasing pH and reached a plateau between pH 4.0 and 10.0. The increase of temperature slightly improved the sorption process. The uranium adsorption followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

Effects of fermented and extruded wheat bran on total tract apparent digestibility of nutrients, minerals and energy in growing pigs

A pig digestibility trial was conducted to investigate the effects of fermentation or extrusion of wheat bran included in a basal diet on coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) regarding dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE), starch, energy (GE), phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca). In the experiment, 9 growing pigs were allocated to a 3×3 Latin square design to measure the CTTAD of the basal diet containing different modified wheat bran variants, and therefore to demonstrate relative differences in the CTTAD among the diets as a result of wheat bran modification. The wheat bran was used in native form (NWB), as fermented bran ensiled with Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus plantarum (FWB) and as extruded wheat bran (EWB). Wheat bran variants were included at 200gkg−1 in a phosphorus deficient basal diet. The obtained results show that the CTTAD of DM was increased when feeding the diet with FWB (+2%, P<0.05) instead of NWB (0.87). Likewise the CTTAD of OM was also increased with FWB (+2%, P<0.05), compared to NWB (0.88). Also the CTTAD of CF was improved with FWB and EWB (+9%, P<0.05), related to NWB (0.58). The CTTAD of ash was improved with FWB (+14%, P<0.05) compared to NWB (0.60). Correspondingly, the CTTAD values of P and Ca were also elevated when feeding the FWB diet. P-digestibility was increased in the FWB feeding group compared to those groups fed with NWB (+35%, P<0.05) and EWB (+53%, P<0.05). Regarding the Ca digestibility, similar results were obtained (P<0.05). While the CTTAD of energy was increased in the FWB (+3%, P<0.05) and EWB (+2%, P<0.05) feeding groups compared to that of NWB (0.85), the N-balance and the CTTAD of starch were not affected by the treatments. Nevertheless, the CTTAD of EE was enhanced in the FWB treatment group (+40%, P<0.05), and was also improved by extrusion (+30%, P<0.05) compared to the NWB (0.50) treatment. In conclusion, fermented and extruded wheat bran exert some significant influence on the apparent total tact digestibility of several essential nutrients, minerals and energy when included in a basal diet, whereby fermentation seems to be the more potent strategy, as positive effects on the CTTAD of P and Ca could only be observed in the feeding group with FWB.

Use of modified wheat bran for the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions

Novel adsorbents, wheat bran (WB) and modified wheat bran (M-WB) with tartaric acid were developed and Cr(VI) adsorption was investigated by changing various parameters. The adsorption increased with contact time and become optimum at 180min for WB and 200min for M-WB. When the pH of the solution phase increased, some of toxic Cr(VI) reduced into less toxic Cr(III) on the WB surface. The maximum removal of Cr(VI) from the solution having an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 200mgL−1 was obtained at pH 2.0 as 51.0% and 90.0% for WB and M-WB, respectively. Isotherm data of Cr(VI) adsorption on WB and M-WB was described by the Freundlich adsorption model. The adsorption capacity of 4.53mg of Cr(VI)/g for WB and 5.28mg of Cr(VI)/g for M-WB was obtained at pH 2 and 2.2 respectively.

Adsorption of lead ion from aqueous solution using acetic acid modified wheat bran

Adsorption of lead ion from aqueous solution using acetic acid modified wheat bran

Citric acid modified wheat bran as a potential adsorbent for removal of Cu(II) and Malachite Green from aqueous solutions

The contamination of water bodies by heavy metal ions and synthetic dye molecules from the wastewater streams of industries is a serious environmental problem. Wheat bran is currently an undervalued agricultural by-product. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to develop a new economic wheat bran-based adsorbent with relatively high adsorption capacity for industrial wastewater treatment. Wheat bran was thermochemically modified with citric acid to prepare a biodegradable cationic adsorbent. The potential of using the prepared adsorbent for removal of Cu(II) and Malachite Green (MG) from aqueous solutions was then investigated using batch equilibrium tests. Operational parameters, such as solution pH, adsorbent dose, initial adsorbate concentration as well as temperature, greatly influenced the adsorption efficiency of the adsorbent. The Freundlich isotherm model showed excellent fit to the equilibrium data of Cu(II) while the Langmuir isotherm described best the adsorption data of MG. The sorption processes followed the pseudo-second-order rate kinetics. Thermodynamic study showed spontaneous and exothermic nature of the sorption processes. Results suggest that the use of citric acid modified wheat bran as adsorbent is a thoughtful and economic attempt for its needy utilization for treatment of industrial effluents.

Biosorption of methyl blue onto tartaric acid modified wheat bran from aqueous solution

Tartaric acid modified wheat bran was utilized as adsorbent to remove methyl blue, a basic dye from aqueous solution. Batch experiments were carried out to study the effect of various experimental parameters such as initial solution pH, contact time, initial dye concentration and adsorbent dosage, on dye adsorption. The results showed that the modification of wheat bran by tartaric acid significantly improved its adsorption capacity, and made this material a suitable adsorbent to remove methyl blue. The adsorption capacity of modified wheat bran was about 1.6 times higher than that of unmodified one. The amount of methyl blue adsorbed was found to vary with initial solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial methyl blue concentration. Kinetics study showed that the overall adsorption rate of methyl blue was illustrated by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The applicability of the Langmuir and Freundlich models for the data was tested. Both models adequately described the experimental data of the biosorption of methyl blue. The maximum adsorption capacity for methyl blue calculated from Langmuir model was 25.18 mg/g. The study has shown the effectiveness of modified wheat bran in the removal of methyl blue, and that it can be considered as an attractive alternative to the more expensive technologies used in wastewater treatment.

O-21. A prospective investigation into venous changes and lymphoedema in breast cancer

A pig digestibility trial was conducted to investigate the effects of fermentation or extrusion of wheat bran included in a basal diet on coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) regarding dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE), starch, energy (GE), phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca). In the experiment, 9 growing pigs were allocated to a 3 × 3 Latin square design to measure the CTTAD of the basal diet containing different modified wheat bran variants, and therefore to demonstrate relative differences in the CTTAD among the diets as a result of wheat bran modification. The wheat bran was used in native form (NWB), as fermented bran ensiled with Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus plantarum (FWB) and as extruded wheat bran (EWB). Wheat bran variants were included at 200 g kg−1 in a phosphorus deficient basal diet. The obtained results show that the CTTAD of DM was increased when feeding the diet with FWB (+2%, P<0.05) instead of NWB (0.87). Likewise the CTTAD of OM was also increased with FWB (+2%, P<0.05), compared to NWB (0.88). Also the CTTAD of CF was improved with FWB and EWB (+9%, P<0.05), related to NWB (0.58). The CTTAD of ash was improved with FWB (+14%, P<0.05) compared to NWB (0.60). Correspondingly, the CTTAD values of P and Ca were also elevated when feeding the FWB diet. P-digestibility was increased in the FWB feeding group compared to those groups fed with NWB (+35%, P<0.05) and EWB (+53%, P<0.05). Regarding the Ca digestibility, similar results were obtained (P<0.05). While the CTTAD of energy was increased in the FWB (+3%, P<0.05) and EWB (+2%, P<0.05) feeding groups compared to that of NWB (0.85), the N-balance and the CTTAD of starch were not affected by the treatments. Nevertheless, the CTTAD of EE was enhanced in the FWB treatment group (+40%, P<0.05), and was also improved by extrusion (+30%, P<0.05) compared to the NWB (0.50) treatment. In conclusion, fermented and extruded wheat bran exert some significant influence on the apparent total tact digestibility of several essential nutrients, minerals and energy when included in a basal diet, whereby fermentation seems to be the more potent strategy, as positive effects on the CTTAD of P and Ca could only be observed in the feeding group with FWB.