Modified nano-SiO2 Particles Research Articles

Preparation, Characterization, and Properties of UV-Curable Coating Doped with Nano-SiO2.

In this study, a hydrophobic, wear-resistant ultraviolet (UV)-curable coating was investigated as an alternative to traditional coatings with low hardness and high susceptibility to scratching. The SiO2 nanoparticles were ground and modified using high-energy ball milling, during which the surface energy of nano-SiO2 particles rapidly increased as their particle size decreased. Different proportions of modified nano-SiO2 particles were added to the coating and cured into a film. The structure of the composite coating was analyzed via infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction, which confirmed the successful preparation of the composite coating. The mechanical and optical property tests of the coating were investigated. With a 5% nano-SiO2 content, the hardness of the coating reached 5H, whereas the adhesion was poor (2B), and the flexibility was 1. The overall comprehensive performance of the coating was best when the addition amount was 3%. The coating exhibited good hardness, flexibility, and adhesion. The hardness of the coating reached 4H, the adhesion was 4B, the flexibility was 5, the coating haze was 12.38 HZ, and the contact angle was 118°.

Superhydrophobic and mechanically robust polysiloxane composite coatings containing modified silica nanoparticles and PS-grafted halloysite nanotubes

Excellent mechanical properties are the prerequisite for the application of superhydrophobic polymer coatings. However, significantly improving the mechanical properties without affecting other properties such as hydrophobicity is a huge challenge. In this study, a superhydrophobic coating with excellent mechanical properties was prepared by spraying a mixture of polysiloxane resins based on three siloxane monomers, hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) modified nano-SiO2 particles (SiO2-HDTMS) and polystyrene-grafted halloysite nanotubes (HNTs-PS). SiO2-HDTMS dispersed homogeneously in polysiloxane coatings and the water contact angle of corresponding coating exceeding 150°, achieving superhydrophobicity. The SiO2-HDTMS/HNTs-PS/polysiloxane composite coatings showed excellent abrasion resistance with the water coating contact angle remaining above 150° after 90 abrasion cycles, indicating that HNTs-PS can significantly improve the mechanical properties of the coating without affecting the hydrophobic properties of the coating. The achieved coating also exhibited excellent antifouling and acid and alkali corrosion resistance. This work provides a convenient and ecologically friendly method to prepare superhydrophobic polysiloxane composite coating with excellent mechanical properties, which is promising in the application of anti-fouling, anti-corrosion, and oil–water separation etc.

Nano-Film-Forming Plugging Drilling Fluid and Bridging Cross-Linking Plugging Agent Are Used to Strengthen Wellbores in Complex Formations.

Lost circulation is one of the great challenges during the drilling process as it can not only increase the risk of drilling operations but also cause an increase in drilling costs, thus greatly affecting the drilling efficiency. Wellbore strengthening has been widely used to prevent lost circulation, which ultimately expands the mud density window by increasing the formation fracture pressure. This paper proposes a combination of “preventive” wellbore strengthening and “remedial” wellbore strengthening to prevent leakage and plug and stabilize wellbores by means of summarizing the characteristics of lost circulation and wellbore instability in the Hasan area. The formula of the bridging cross-linking plugging agent is determined by experiments as well slurry + 8–10% granular material + 3–5% fiber material + 2–4% elastic material + 0.5–1% cementing material. The formula of the nano-film-forming plugging drilling fluid is determined to be 3% bentonite + 0.2NaOH + 0.2% KPAM + 3% SMP + 1% PB-1 + 2% SMNA-1 + 2% lubricant SMLUB-1 + 1% modified nano-SiO2 particles. Then, the performance evaluation of the composite system is carried out by the high-temperature and high-pressure plugging simulation evaluation device. The results show that the bridging and cross-linking plugging agent can effectively block the 1–3 mm crack, the pressure-bearing capacity is greater than 10 MPa, and the anti-liquid return capacity is greater than 4 MPa. The nano-film-forming plugging drilling fluid has lower fluid loss and better rheological properties.

Synthesis and performance analysis of a mesoporous polydopamine-functionalized magnetic microcapsule adsorbent in water treatment

To scientifically and effectively solve the environmental and human hazards of polluted water bodies, this study uses the superparamagnetism of Fe3O4, the biocompatibility of mussel biomimetic polydopamine, and the large specific surface area and pore volume of mesoporous materials. Layer-by-layer self-assembled amino-functionalized modified nano-SiO2 particles were used to prepare mesoporous PDA-functionalized magnetic microcapsule adsorbents (FMNAs). After a series of microscopic characterization and performance measurement experiments, it can be concluded that the relatively large surface area (55.844m2/g) and pore volume (0.438 cm3/g) in the mesoporous structure of FMNAs provide a large number of active adsorption sites and exhibit high adsorption capacity for MB, AF and Cd (II), which are 42.35, 46.20 and 40.70 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption process of FMANs is mainly controlled by chemical adsorption, which conforms to Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal model, superparamagnetism gives FMNAs good repeatability.

Effect of surface modified nano-SiO2 particles on properties of TO@CA/SR self-healing anti-corrosion composite coating

At present, microcapsule technology can carry out intelligent self-healing for micro-cracks, so as to prolong the service life of the marine protective coating. However, after adding microcapsules, the properties of the coating itself, such as coating adhesion, distinctness of image, and mechanical properties, will be affected to a certain extent. In this paper, calcium alginate containing tung oil self-healing microcapsules (TO@CA) is dispersed in silicone rubber (SR) coating (TO@CA/SR) and the related properties of TO@CA/SR are tested. TO@CA/SR coating prepared with TO@CA average size of 63.84 μm and the content of 10% (T-63-10%) has the optimal performance. At the same time, TO@CA/SR composite coating is enhanced and modified by filling inorganic nano-SiO2 to realize self-healing microcracks without affecting the mechanical properties. TO@CA with modified nano-SiO2 of 2% (T/SiO2-2%) has the best self-healing, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties. It shows that Nano-SiO2 forms a 3D connected network with SR and a double network structure coupled with the silicon chain network. The reversible bonding between nano-SiO2 and SR or nano-SiO2 dissipates the mechanical energy effectively under external force, thus improving the mechanical properties of coating. This study is of great significance for offset the impact of the microcapsules on the mechanical properties of the coating as much as possible, so as to ensure good stability of the self-healing coating.

Improved foam stability through the combination of silica nanoparticle and thixotropic polymer: An experimental study

Foam flooding serves as one of widely-used enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques for developing oil and gas resources. However, the foam is a thermodynamically unstable system, limiting its EOR performance. Hence, this study aims to provide a novel strategy to stabilize foam through the combination of nanoparticle and thixotropic polymer and tries to reveal the foam-stabilizing mechanism. Firstly, a novel water-soluble thixotropic polymer (WTP) was developed, which is able to thicken solution under low shear rates and become thin under high shear rates. Such thixotropic behavior helps to stabilize foams and has little effects on the stir-foaming process. Then the hydrophobic nano-SiO2 particles was modified by sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) with the assistance of ultrasonic treatment. Coupled modified nano-SiO2 and WTP, this study develops a novel foam system with a high foaming volume and a long half-life time. This foam system is suitable for the high-temperature and high-salinity reservoir condition and can effectively enhance the oil recovery through foam flooding. The microscopic observations show that the foam system consists of fine, round and uniform bubbles, which may slow down the film drainage and restrain the gas diffusion. At the same time, the modified nano-SiO2 particles generate a “solid shell” on the bubble surface and improve the elasticity of foam film; the WTP forms molecular spatial networks in solution and mitigates the nanoparticle agglomeration. As a result, the synergistic effects of nano-SiO2 and WTP can improve the stability of foam significantly.

Visualized Study of a Nanoparticle-Assisted Foam System to Enhance Oil Recovery by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Online Flooding Experiment

To solve the problems of high water cut and low oil production in some blocks of Xinjiang Oilfield, nanoparticle-assisted foam flooding technology has been proposed recently to improve the oil recovery. In this study, the foam static evaluation experiment was first employed to study the effects of modified nano-SiO2 on foam stability and foaming performance. Then, the influences of temperature and salinity on foam stability were investigated. Finally, both the water and oil displacement performances of foam systems with and without nanoparticle assistance were studied separately by the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) online flooding experiment. Foam static evaluation results showed that the stability of the foam was obviously increased by modified nano-SiO2 particles. However, the foam stability slightly decreased with the increase in temperature and salinity. Moreover, the foam half-life under the reservoir conditions of 80 °C and 80,000 mg/L salinity could reach 240 min, indicating that resistance to high temperature and salinity of the nanoparticle-assisted foam system was enhanced compared to that of the conventional foam systems. Magnetic resonance imaging results demonstrated that the water displacing effect of the nanoparticle-assisted foam system was significantly increased compared with that without adding modified nano-SiO2. The core finally contained almost no original water after flooding. In addition, the nanoparticle-assisted foam system can substantially improve oil displacement efficiency and increase the oil recovery efficiency by 31.11 percentage points based on the results of water flooding.

Effects of surface modification Nano-SiO2 and its combination with surfactant on interfacial tension and emulsion stability

Nano-silica (Nano-SiO2) particles have some limitations in their application as an oil displacement agent due to the easy aggregation characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the particle surface to enhance its dispersibility. A silane coupling agent (KH570) was used to organically modify Nano-silica, the relationship between the dosage of KH570 with the zeta potential, contact angle, particle size, sedimentation rate of modified Nano-SiO2 particles before and after modification was studied. And a displacement system (KH570-G-Nano-SiO2/PS) was fabricated by compounding modified Nano-SiO2 particles with the petroleum sulfonate (PS) molecules, the interfacial tension, emulsification property of the system with crude oil were systematically investigated, finally the synergistic effect of modified particles on the reduction of interfacial tension was explored. Results showed that when the dosage of KH570 was 5 %, the wettability of the particles changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, and the dispersion stability was significantly improved. The modified Nano-SiO2 (0.2 %)/PS (0.3 %) system can reduce the oil/water interfacial tension to 5.42 × 10−3 mN/ m. At this point, zeta potential of the system was 54.8 mV, and the stability of the emulsion prepared by this system reached its best level. The modification of Nano-SiO2 particles and the mechanism of reducing the oil/water interfacial tension after compounded with petroleum sulfonate (PS) is analyzed. The modification degree of Nano-SiO2 particles has great influence on the interfacial tension of the system compounding with surfactant.

Effects of Modified Nano-SiO2 Particles on Properties of High-Performance Cement-Based Composites

In this research, silane coupling agent was used to modify the surface of nano-SiO2, particles and the effects of modified nano-SiO2 particles on the mechanical properties of high-performance cement-based composites and its mechanism were systematically studied. The results indicated that the optimum modification parameters were a coupling agent content of 10%, reaction temperature of 65 °C, and reaction time of 8 h. Compared with the unmodified nano-SiO2, the modified nano-SiO2 promoted and accelerated the hydration process of cement. The pozzolanic effect, filling effect, and nucleation effect of modified nano-SiO2 made the microstructure of the composite more compact, and thus improved static mechanical properties of cement-based composites.

Regulation of polymerizable modification degree of nano-SiO2 and the effects on performance of composite microsphere for conformance control

Due to the superior performance caused by surface modification and combined effects, polymer/nano-SiO2 composites have been studied systematically for a long term and attracted increasing academic and industrial interests, especially in the petroleum engineering field. However, few works have been done on the mechanism that how the functional modification degree (MD) of nano-SiO2 influences on the properties of the composites. In this work, a series of 3-(methacrylyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) modified nano-SiO2 particles with different MDs were prepared and found to differ largely from each other in macroscopic properties. Then the effects of SiO2MD on the physicochemical property and the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) capacity of the corresponding polymer/nano-SiO2 composite microspheres (PNSCMs) for the conformance control in oilfields were investigated in detail. The results clarified that by regulating the MD of nano-SiO2 encapsulated in PNSCMs, the swelling property, viscoelasticity, mechanical strength and dispersion stability were significantly improved. Compared with traditional chemical copolymer microspheres CPMs, PNSCMs exhibited better conformance control and EOR ability, which was further improved as SiO2MD increased. The maximum oil recoveries of cores treated by PNSCMs were 76.14% and 52.45% in the experiment, and the EOR increased by 5.99% and 4.99% than those treated by CPMs, respectively, under homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions.

Influence of interfacial condition on rheological instability behavior of UHMWPE/HDPE/nano-SiO2 blends in capillary extrusion

In this study, rheological behaviors and capillary extrusion flow instabilities of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/SiO2 composites containing modified nano-SiO2 or pure nano-SiO2 are investigated. Effects of interfacial conditions between the dispersed nano-SiO2 phase and PE matrix on rheological behaviors are analyzed. The results show that modified nano-SiO2 in the PE matrix has a relatively strong interfacial interaction with the polymer chains compared with pure nano-SiO2, thus causing a more pronounced shear thinning behavior and reducing extrudate swell during capillary extrusion. Nanocomposite extrudates experience the transition of smooth- sharkskin- oscillating distortion—overall melt fracture with the increase of shear rate (or shear stress). The interfacial interaction allows a more storage of elastic energy as the melt flow through the die, resulting in sharkskin distortion and oscillating distortion to occur prematurely at critical shear rates. It also restricts the elastic recovery of the melt after leaving the die, thus delaying sharkskin distortion under shear stress. At high shear rates, the modified nano-SiO2 particles begin to roll, and some of the unmodified particles move and embed to the wall. It is believed that the interfacial adsorption effect and the wall-slip effect of nanoparticles exist simultaneously in the whole extrusion process.

Facile, Scalable Spray-Coating of Stable Emulsion for Transparent Self-Cleaning Surface of Cellulose-Based Materials

Cellulose-based materials are vulnerable to moisture and microorganisms and thus lose their original mechanical properties and durability; meanwhile, self-cleaning technique as a disruptive nanotechnology of waterproofing is attracting tremendous interest. Here, we develop a facile, cheap, and scalable “top-down” strategy to fabricate a transparent self-cleaning surface for cellulose-based materials by spray-coating a stable emulsion of nano-SiO2 particles. The nanoparticles are precisely synthesized at an average diameter of ∼110 nm via a sol–gel way and finely tailored with hydrophobic function by successive modification of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and (heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetradecyl)trimethoxysilane (17F). The modified nano-SiO2 particles well-distributed on the microscale rough surface of the cellulose-based materials by spray-coating to form a micro/nano two-tier structure to entrap air for water resistance, and thus build a superhydrophobic surface with static water contact angle (WCA) over...

Pickering emulsion polymerization of poly(ionic liquid)s encapsulated nano-SiO2 composite particles with enhanced electro-responsive characteristic

Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) encapsulated nano-SiO2 composite particles were synthesized by a Pickering emulsion polymerization and used as stimuli-responsive electorheological (ER) particles, which showed enhanced electro-responsive effectiveness and temperature stability. Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane modified nano-SiO2 particles with size of 15 nm were used as solid surfactant, which could not only help to form emulsion droplets of IL monomer but also immerse into droplets to form nanocomposite particles after polymerization. The morphology of the nanocomposite particles was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, while the chemical structure was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Under electric field, ER property of the nanocomposite particles when dispersed in insulating oil was characterized by temperature-modulated rheology. Through comparing with pure PILs particles, we found that introducing nano-SiO2 into PILs particles could significantly suppress the excessive growth of leaking current density with increasing temperature and improve the electro-responsive ER effectiveness and temperature stability of ER property. Dielectric spectra analysis indicated that nano-SiO2 could act as cross-linking points to suppress the thermally promoted segment relaxation and improve the activation energy of the ion transport in PILs matrix, and this should be responsible for the enhanced electro-responsive ER effectiveness and temperature stability of PILs encapsulated nano-SiO2 composite particles.

Surface and mechanical properties of an organic-inorganic super- hydrophobic coating using modified nano-SiO2 and mixing polyurethane emulsion as raw materials

A series of organic-inorganic super-hydrophobic coatings were prepared using nano-SiO2 particles modified by fluorine and silicone coupling agents, and a mixing polyurethane emulsion as main raw materials. The mixing polyurethane emulsion was consisted of the polyurethane emulsion end-terminated by double bond (WPUD) and polyurethane emulsion modified by silicone (WPUS). The influence of content of modified nano-SiO2 particles and the weight ratio of WPUS to WPUD on microstructure and hydrophobicity of the coating surface were studied. The morphologies of coating surface were examined using SEM and AFM, hydrophobicity of the coating was researched by examining static water contact angle and so on. It was found that modified nano-SiO2 particle was an indispensable factor during the preparation of super-hydrophobic coating. The roughness and hydrophobicity of the coating surface were enhanced obviously with an increase of the content of the modified nano-SiO2 particles. When the content of the modified nano-SiO2 particles increased up to 1.5%, the surface of coating possessed good super-hydrophobicity, and static water contact angle reached 169.1°. It was also noticed that the weight ratio of WPUS to WPUD in the base layer has also an important influence on the hydrophobicity and mechanical property of coating surface. With an increase of the ratio of WPUS to WPUD the hydrophobicity of the coating was enhanced, the tensile strength and peel strength reduced, but the elongation at break increased. When the weight ratio of WPUS to WPUD reaches up to 9/100, the static water contact angle reaches the maximum value of 169.1°.

Preparation, characterization, luminescent and electrochemical properties of Ru(bpy)2-functionalized silica nanoparticles

Ru(II)-complex functionalized silica nanoparticles(nano-SiO2) were prepared via a coordination reaction of cis-dichlorobis(2,2’-bipyridine)ruthenium[Ru(bpy)2Cl2] complex with poly(4-vinylpyridine)(P4VP)-modified nano-SiO2 particles. Both the Ru-complex and the functionalized nano-SiO2P4VP-Ru(bpy) hybrids were doped in poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) to form optically transparent thin films. The composition and spectroscopic properties of the nano-SiO2P4VP-Ru(bpy) hybrids were evaluated with the help of thermogravimetric and elemental analysis, and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Microscopy images revealed that the nanohybrids were approximately 12 nm in diameter and readily formed aggregates following the functionalization with P4VP and Ru(bpy)2Cl2. The as-prepared nano-SiO2P4VP-Ru(bpy) hybrids produced emissions at approximately 604 and 654 nm under radiation both in solution and in doped thin films. Finally, cyclic voltammetry studies on the nanohybrid-modified electrode revealed a redox couple with the cathodic and anodic potentials at approximately 0.28 and 0.73 V(vs. Ag/AgCl), attributed to the one electron transfer of Ru(bpy) 2 2+/3+ immobilized on the nano-SiO2 particles.

Improvement of silicone rubber properties by addition of nano-SiO2 particles.

To improve the comprehensive performances of a one-part room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber(RTV-1 SiR), Nano-SiO2 particles are employed as the reinforcing agent. The SiO2/RTV-1 SiR composite is prepared using PDMS, ND42, D-60 and HMDS-modified SiO2 particles by mixing method. And then, the mechanical and electrical properties, including shear strength, tensile strength, hardness Shore A and volume resistivity, are investigated using experimental method. The addition of nano-SiO2 particles can improve the properties of the SiO2/RTV-1 SiR composite in different degrees. And, the incorporation of 25~30 phr nano-SiO2 particles is found to be reasonable for silicone rubber composite with the best comprehensive performances. The significant improvement of mechanical properties and electrical insulation of SiO2 may be contributed to the addition of modified nano-SiO2 particles. Additionally, the excellent comprehensive performances of SiO2/RTV-1 SiR composite guarantee a potential applications as electrical-insulating adhesives.

Effects of macromolecular silane coupling agent on the mechanical properties of nano-SiO2/cyanate ester nanocomposites

In this paper, a novel kind of high-performance composite was developed by blending 2, 2′-Bis(4-cyanatophenyl)isopropylidene with nano-silica (nano-SiO2), in which the nano-SiO2 was modified by a tri-copolymer of styrene, vinyltrimethoxysilane and methacrylate. The transmission electron microscopic and scanning electron microscopic micrographs indicated that the modified nano-SiO2 particles were dispersed in the 2′-Bis(4-cyanatophenyl)isopropylidene matrix homogeneously. Compared with pure 2′-Bis(4-cyanatophenyl)isopropylidene resin, the impact and flexural strengths of the nanocomposite materials were improved markedly with up to 58% and 40% increasing magnitude, respectively, and the storage modulus showed a 58% increase in the glassy state. Meanwhile, the glass transition temperature of the resulting composite was 310℃, which was 30℃ higher than that of pure 2′-Bis(4-cyanatophenyl)isopropylidene resin. It was found that the modified nano-SiO2 that possessed good dispersion in the 2′-Bis(4-cyanatophenyl)isopropylidene matrix had a significant influence on the mechanical and thermal properties of the 2′-Bis(4-cyanatophenyl)isopropylidene resin. All the improvements of properties could be attributed to the effect resulting from the changes of both interface adhesion and dispersibility of filler in matrix.

The effects of functionalization on the thermal and tribo-mechanical behaviors of neat and grafted polyethylene nanocomposites

This article presents research on the influence of a coupling agent γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MEMO) and cross-linking agent dicumyl peroxide (DCP) on thermal and nanomechanical properties of neat and waste polyethylene (WPE) as well as their blend. Modification of nanosilica by silanization was performed under supercritical conditions of carbon dioxide-ethanol mixture. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), indentation as well as scratch testing at nanoscale were employed for characterization of the polymer matrix with unmodified and modified nano-SiO2 particles. Low amounts of the peroxide and silanized nano-SiO2 particles in the composite formulation significantly improved thermal and tribo-mechanical behavior at nanoscale. POLYM. COMPOS., 34:1710–1719, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

Tribological performance of PEEK based hybrid composites reinforced with short carbon fibers and nano-silica

In this study, the tribological performances of poly-ether-ether-keton (PEEK) hybrid composites reinforced with short carbon fibers (SCF) (20vol%) and surface modified nano-SiO2 particles (1, 1.5 and 2wt%) were examined. Composites were fabricated by melt-mixing process at 400°C. The polymer was in granulated shape, the original length of fibers was 6mm and the size of nano-SiO2 particles was 13nm. Micro-hardness tests were performed and presented a significant increase in hardness of the composites due to the presence of SCFs and nano-SiO2 particles. The effects of nano-SiO2 content on tribological properties of PEEK/SCF/nano-SiO2 composites were investigated. Tribological tests were carried out in 2, 3.75, 6.25 and 10MPa normal pressures using pin-on-disk configuration. All of the tests were performed at room temperature in dry sliding condition at sliding velocity of 0.25m/s. In order to investigate the wear mechanisms involved in different tribological conditions, worn surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Under all applied pressures, incorporation of nano-SiO2 particles remarkably reduced the friction coefficients. Also increasing the nanoparticles content led to decrease in friction coefficients in nearly all conditions. However, in terms of the enhancement in wear resistance of the composites, there was a strong dependence on the applied pressure.

A coating of silane modified silica nanoparticles on PET substrate film for inkjet printing

The paper aims to design nanoporous coatings for inkjet printing and study its microstructure influence on the ink absorption. In the present work, two inkjet materials were prepared: one with unmodified nano-SiO2 (S_1), the other with silica coupling agent modified nano-SiO2 (S_2). The surface characteristic changing after modification was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM). Wetting with contact angles was determined by the dynamic contact angle analysis test (DCAT). Through measurements, the dispersion of modified nano-SiO2 particles in the coating was superior to the dispersion of unmodified nano-SiO2 particles, surface roughness value (Ra) of S_1 was significantly higher than that of S_2, dynamic contact angle of S_2 is smaller than that of S_1 and ink droplet absorption in S_2 was much faster than in S_1. These results also reveal that the modification method is effective and offers a potential way to fabricate inkjet material with the advantages of microstructure and ink absorption over traditional methods.