Modified Leslie Gower Predator Prey Model Research Articles

Fear effect in prey and hunting cooperation among predators in a Leslie-Gower model.

The predation strategy for predators and the avoidance strategy of prey are important topics in ecology and evolutionary biology. Both prey and predators adjust their behaviours in order to gain the maximal benefits and to increase their biomass for each. In the present paper, we consider a modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey model where predators cooperate during hunting and due to fear of predation risk, prey populations show anti-predator behaviour. We investigate step by step the impact of hunting cooperation and fear effect on the dynamics of the system. We observe that in the absence of fear effect, hunting cooperation can induce both supercritical and subcritical Hopf- bifurcations. It is also observed that fear factor can stabilize the predator-prey system by excluding the existence of periodic solutions and makes the system more robust compared to hunting cooperation. Moreover, the system shows two different types of bi-stabilities behaviour: one is between coexisting equilibrium and limit cycle oscillation, and another is between prey-free equilibrium and coexisting equilibrium. We also observe generalized Hopf-bifurcation and Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation in two parameter bifurcation analysis. We perform extensive numerical simulations for supporting evidence of our analytical findings.

DYNAMICS OF A MODIFIED LESLIE-GOWER MODEL WITH GESTATION EFFECT AND NONLINEAR HARVESTIN

This study focuses on the dynamics of a modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey model where the intake rate of prey is by per capita predator according to Crowley-Martin functional response and prey is harvested through nonlinear harvesting strategy. Further the time-delay $(\tau)$ is imposed to utilize gestation period of predations. We investigate the permanence analysis of proposed system. The local stability of non-delayed model at all possible equilibrium points is studied. It is shown that the given model undergoes Hopf bifurcation around positive equilibrium point with respect to delay parameter $\tau$. Subsequently the stability of Hopf bifurcation and its direction are explored through normal and center manifold theories. The derived theoretical results are justified with the help of numerical simulations.

Turing Instability and Hopf Bifurcation in a Modified Leslie–Gower Predator–Prey Model with Cross-Diffusion

This paper is concerned with some mathematical analysis and numerical aspects of a reaction–diffusion system with cross-diffusion. This system models a modified version of Leslie–Gower functional response as well as that of the Holling-type II. Our aim is to investigate theoretically and numerically the asymptotic behavior of the interior equilibrium of the model. The conditions of boundedness, existence of a positively invariant set are proved. Criteria for local stability/instability and global stability are obtained. By using the bifurcation theory, the conditions of Hopf and Turing bifurcation critical lines in a spatial domain are proved. Finally, we carry out some numerical simulations in order to support our theoretical results and to interpret how biological processes affect spatiotemporal pattern formation which show that it is useful to use the predator–prey model to detect the spatial dynamics in the real life.

Codimension Bifurcation Analysis of a Modified Leslie–Gower Predator–Prey Model with Two Delays

The Bogdanov–Takens (B–T) and triple-zero bifurcations of a modified Leslie–Gower predator–prey model with two time delays are studied in this paper. By generalizing and using the normal form theory and center manifold theorem for delay differential equations, the normal forms of the B–T and triple-zero bifurcations of the model at its interior equilibria are obtained. In addition, some numerical simulations are presented to illustrate our main results.

Study of a predator–prey model with modified Leslie–Gower and Holling type III schemes

A mathematical model of predator–prey system is studied analytically as well as numerically. The objective of this paper is to study systematically the dynamical properties of a modified Leslie–Gower predator–prey model with Holling type III functional response. We discuss different types of system behaviours for various parameter values. The essential mathematical features of the model with regard to the boundedness, stability and persistence have been carried out. Some numerical simulations are carried out to support our theoretical analysis. All the results are expected to be of use in the study of the dynamic complexity of ecosystem.

Stability and Optimal Harvesting of Modified Leslie-Gower Predator-Prey Model

This paper studies a modified of dynamics of Leslie-Gower predator-prey population model. The model is stated as a system of first order differential equations. The model consists of one predator and one prey. The Holling type II as a predation function is considered in this model. The predator and prey populations are assumed to be beneficial and then the two populations are harvested with constant efforts. Existence and stability of the interior equilibrium point are analysed. Linearization method is used to get the linearized model and the eigenvalue is used to justify the stability of the interior equilibrium point. From the analyses, we show that under a certain condition the interior equilibrium point exists and is locally asymptotically stable. For the model with constant efforts of harvesting, cost function, revenue function, and profit function are considered. The stable interior equilibrium point is then related to the maximum profit problem as well as net present value of revenues problem. We show that there exists a certain value of the efforts that maximizes the profit function and net present value of revenues while the interior equilibrium point remains stable. This means that the populations can live in coexistence for a long time and also maximize the benefit even though the populations are harvested with constant efforts.

A modified Leslie–Gower predator–prey model with ratio‐dependent functional response and alternative food for the predator

In this work, a modified Leslie–Gower predator–prey model is analyzed, considering an alternative food for the predator and a ratio‐dependent functional response to express the species interaction. The system is well defined in the entire first quadrant except at the origin (0,0). Given the importance of the origin (0,0) as it represents the extinction of both populations, it is convenient to provide a continuous extension of the system to the origin. By changing variables and a time rescaling, we obtain a polynomial differential equations system, which is topologically equivalent to the original one, obtaining that the non‐hyperbolic equilibrium point (0,0) in the new system is a repellor for all parameter values. Therefore, our novel model presents a remarkable difference with other models using ratio‐dependent functional response. We establish conditions on the parameter values for the existence of up to two positive equilibrium points; when this happen, one of them is always a hyperbolic saddle point, and the other can be either an attractor or a repellor surrounded by at least one limit cycle. We also show the existence of a separatrix curve dividing the behavior of the trajectories in the phase plane. Moreover, we establish parameter sets for which a homoclinic curve exits, and we show the existence of saddle‐node bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation, Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation, and homoclinic bifurcation. An important feature in this model is that the prey population can go to extinction; meanwhile, population of predators can survive because of the consumption of alternative food in the absence of prey. In addition, the prey population can attain their carrying capacity level when predators go to extinction. We demonstrate that the solutions are non‐negatives and bounded (dissipativity and permanence of population in many other works). Furthermore, some simulations to reinforce our mathematical results are shown, and we further discuss their ecological meanings. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Dynamics in a diffusive modified Leslie–Gower predator–prey model with time delay and prey harvesting

The dynamics of a diffusive predator–prey model with time delay and Michaelis–Menten-type harvesting subject to Neumann boundary condition is considered. Turing instability and Hopf bifurcation at positive equilibrium for the system without delay are investigated. Time delay-induced instability and Hopf bifurcation are also discussed. By the theory of normal form and center manifold, conditions for determining the bifurcation direction and the stability of bifurcating periodic solution are derived. Some numerical simulations are carried out for illustrating the theoretical results.

Bifurcation analysis of modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with double Allee effect

Abstract In the present article, a modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with double Allee effect, affecting the prey population, is proposed and analyzed. We have considered both strong and weak Allee effects separately. The equilibrium points of the system and their local stability have been studied. It is shown that the dynamics of the system are highly dependent upon the initial conditions. The local bifurcations (Hopf, saddle-node, Bogdanov-Takens) have been investigated by considering sufficient parameter(s) as the bifurcation parameter(s). The local existence of the limit cycle emerging through Hopf bifurcation and its stability is studied by means of the first Lyapunov coefficient. The numerical simulations have been done in support of the analytical findings. The result shows the emergence of homoclinic loop. The possible phase portraits and parametric diagrams have been depicted.

Dynamics of a modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with Holling-type II schemes and a prey refuge.

We propose a modified Leslie–Gower predator–prey model with Holling-type II schemes and a prey refuge. The structure of equilibria and their linearized stability is investigated. By using the iterative technique and further precise analysis, sufficient conditions on the global attractivity of a positive equilibrium are obtained. Our results not only supplement but also improve some existing ones. Numerical simulations show the feasibility of our results.

Permanence for a modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response and feedback controls

A modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey system with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response and feedback controls is studied. By applying the differential inequality theory, sufficient conditions which guarantee the permanence of the system are obtained. Our results improve the main results of Zhang et al. (Abstr. Appl. Anal. 2014:252579, 2014). One example is presented to verify our main results.

Qualitative analysis of a modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with Crowley-Martin functional responses

In this paper, we study a modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with Crowley-Martin functional response. We show the existence of a bounded positive invariant attracting set and establish the permanence conditions. The parameter regions for the stability and instability of the unique constant steady state solution are derived, and the existence of time-periodic orbits and non-constant steady state solutions are proved by bifurcation method.

Saddle-node-Hopf bifurcation in a modified Leslie–Gower predator-prey model with time-delay and prey harvesting

From the saddle-node-Hopf bifurcation point of view, this paper considers a modified Leslie–Gower predator-prey model with time delay and the Michaelis–Menten type prey harvesting. Firstly, we discuss the stability of the equilibria, obtain the critical conditions for the saddle-node-Hopf bifurcation, and give the completion bifurcation set by calculating the universal unfoldings near the saddle-node-Hopf bifurcation point by using the normal form theory and center manifold theorem. Then we derive the parameter conditions for the existence of monostable coexistence equilibrium and the parameter regions in which both the prey-extinction and the coexistence equilibrium (or coexistence periodic or quasi-periodic solutions) are simultaneously stabilized. We also investigate the heteroclinic bifurcation, and describe the phenomenon that the periodic behavior disappears as through the heteroclinic bifurcation. Finally, some numerical simulations are performed to support our analytic results.

Almost periodic solution of a modified Leslie–Gower predator–prey model with Holling-type II schemes and mutual interference

In this paper, we consider a modified Leslie–Gower predator–prey model with Holling-type II schemes and mutual interference. By applying the comparison theorem of the differential equation and constructing a suitable Lyapunov function, sufficient conditions which guarantee the permanence and existence of a unique globally attractive positive almost periodic solution of the system are obtained. Our results not only supplement but also improve some existing ones.

Pattern analysis of a modified Leslie–Gower predator–prey model with Crowley–Martin functional response and diffusion

In this paper, we study a modified Leslie–Gower predator–prey model with Crowley–Martin functional response and spatial diffusion under homogeneous Neumann boundary condition, and obtain some important qualitative properties, including the existence of the global positive solution, the dissipation and persistence of the two species, the local and global asymptotic stability of the constant equilibria, and Hopf bifurcation around the interior constant equilibrium. In addition, we establish the existence and nonexistence of nonconstant positive steady states.

Almost Periodic Solution of a Modified Leslie-Gower Predator-Prey Model with Beddington-DeAngelis Functional Response and Feedback Controls

We consider a modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with the Beddington-DeAngelis functional response and feedback controls as follows:x˙t=xta1t-btxt-ctyt/αt+βtxt+γtyt-e1tut,u˙t=-d1tut+p1txt-τ,y˙t=yta2t-rtyt/xt+kt-e2tνt, andν˙(t)=-d2(t)ν(t)+p2(t)y(t-τ). Sufficient conditions which guarantee the permanence and existence of a unique globally attractive positive almost periodic solution of the system are obtained.

Bifurcation analysis of a modified Leslie–Gower predator–prey model with Beddington–DeAngelis functional response and strong Allee effect

The paper is concerned with a modified Leslie–Gower delayed predator–prey system where the growth of prey population is governed by Allee effect and the predator population consumes the prey according to Beddington–DeAngelis type functional response. The situation of bi-stability and existence of two interior equilibrium points for the proposed model system are addressed. The stability of the steady state together with its dependence on the magnitude of time delay has been obtained. The conditions that guarantee the occurrence of the Hopf bifurcation in presence of delay are demonstrated. Furthermore, the direction of Hopf bifurcation and the stability of the bifurcating periodic solutions are determined by the normal form theory and the center manifold theorem. It is shown that time delay is incapable of avoiding the situation of extinction of the prey species. Finally, some numerical simulations have been carried out in order to validate the assumptions of the model.

Global dynamics of a modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with Crowley-Martin functional responses

In this paper, we study a modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with Crowley-Martin functional responses. We show the existence of a bounded positive invariant and attracting set. The possibility of existence and uniqueness of positive equilibrium are considered. The asymptotic behavior of the positive equilibrium and the existence of Hopf-bifurcation of nonconstant periodic solutions surrounding the interior equilibrium are considered. The existence and non-existence of periodic solutions are established under suitable conditions. The permanence conditions are also established. We obtained sufficient conditions to ensure the global stability of the unique positive equilibrium, by using suitable Lyapunov functions, LaSalle invariance principle and Dulac’s criterion. We obtained also sufficient conditions for the global stability of the prey-extinction equilibrium when the unique positive equilibrium is not feasible. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the analytical results.

Almost Periodic Solution of a Modified Leslie-Gower Predator-Prey Model with Beddington-DeAngelis Functional Response

We consider a predator-prey model with modified Leslie-Gower and Beddington-DeAngelis functional response. By applying the comparison theorem of the differential equation and constructing a suitable Lyapunov function, sufficient conditions which guarantee the permanence and existence of a unique globally attractive positive almost periodic solution of the system are obtained. Our results not only supplement but also improve some existing ones. One example is presented to verify our main results.

Pattern Formation in Predator-Prey Model with Delay and Cross Diffusion

We consider the effect of time delay and cross diffusion on the dynamics of a modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey model incorporating a prey refuge. Based on the stability analysis, we demonstrate that delayed feedback may generate Hopf and Turing instability under some conditions, resulting in spatial patterns. One of the most interesting findings is that the model exhibits complex pattern replication: the model dynamics exhibits a delay and diffusion controlled formation growth not only to spots, stripes, and holes, but also to spiral pattern self-replication. The results indicate that time delay and cross diffusion play important roles in pattern formation.