Modified Glass Ionomer Research Articles

Fluoride Releasing Potential and Recharging Capacity of Different Bioactive Restorative Materials (A Comparative In-Vitro Study)

Aim: This study aimed to asses and compare the fluoride releasing potential and recharging capacity of different bioactive restorative materials in-vitro Materials and Methods: 50 freshly extracted premolar teeth was used. buccal class V cavities were prepared. Sample was randomly divided into 5 main groups (n = 10 /group), representing materials used; Conventional glass ionomer, resin modified glass ionomer, Compomer , Giomer; and ACTIVA Bioactive-Restorative. Fluoride releasing potential and recharging capacity were evaluated at 1st, 3rd,7th, 14th , 21st and 28th days. Results: There was significant difference between each tested materials at all time intervals before and after recharging (p ≤ 0.001). The highest fluoride releasing potential and recharging capacity was in (Day-1), and the least value was in (Day-28). There was significant difference between the tested materials at each time interval regarding fluoride release before and after recharge.; Conventional glass ionomer showed the highest values of fluoride releasing potential and recharging capacity at each time interval (1st, 3rd,7th, 14th , 21st and 28th days.), while compomer showed the lowest values at each time interval. Conclusion: The conventional glass ionomer showed the highest fluoride releasing potential and recharging capacity, while compomer showed the lowest fluoride releasing potential and recharging capacity at each time interval. ACTIVIA Bioactive-Restorative showed a lower fluoride releasing potential and fluoride recharging capacity than those of conventional glass ionomer, a higher values than those of both compomers and , resin modified glass ionomer and comparable to those of giomer at each time interval

Microleakage of Cavity Class V Restored by Glass Ionomer Restorations in Primary Molars Conditioned by Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Versus Conventional method (An in Vitro Study)

Introduction: In the field of pediatric dentistry the use of Er,Cr:YSGG laser in cavity preparation in deciduous molars has many advantages as fast procedures and patient comfort. The purpose of the present study is to compare between the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser and conventional conditioning on the microleakage in cavity class V restored by glass ionomer (GI) and resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI) in deciduous molars. Materials and methods: A standard class V cavity were prepared at the buccal or lingual surface of forty-eight freshly extracted caries-free human deciduous molars which were divided into 2 groups according to the mode of conditioning: group 1: by using Er,Cr:YSGG laser; group 2: by using conventional conditioning. The samples were subjected to thermocycling and dying step. Results: No statistically significant difference between median microleakage scores of the two conditioning methods with RMGI or GI, while RMGI showed statistically significantly lower median microleakage scores than GI. Conclusion: Er,Cr:YSGG laser have adverse effect on the microleakge of cavities restored by RMGI and GI. RMGI showed statistically significantly lower median microleakage scores than GI. Application of the Er:YAG laser, beneath the RMGIs and GI may be an alternative to acid etching

Assessment of Antibacterial Effect of Salvia officinalis Modified Glass Ionomer Cement: An in Vitro Study

Background: Salvia officinalis (S. officinalis) has been vastly used in medicine as it possesses anticaries, antiplaque, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, astringent, antioxidant effects. Aim: This study was executed to estimate the antibacterial effect of glass ionomer cement (GIC) containing S. officinalis on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) as main etiological factor of dental caries process. Methods: A total number of 12 specimens were assigned into 2 equal groups: Group 1(Control group) where conventional powder and liquid Fuji IX GIC was used and Group 2 (Test group) where the S. officinalis extract was prepared and added to the GIC liquid at 0.5% weight concentration level. Six disk shaped specimens, with diameter 10 mm and thickness 2 mm, were constructed for each group then tested, in vitro, against strains of S. mutans. Diameter of inhibition zone was recorded after 24 and 48 h. Results: During the study period, the mean diameter of the inhibition zones was high in the test group in contrast to the control group, with high statistically significant difference. Conclusions: Glass ionomer cement with S. officinalis extract has direct inhibitory effect towards S. mutans.

Evaluation of Water Sorption and Solubility of Different Dental Cements at Different Time Interval

Background: The clinical durability of dental cements is determined by dimensional stability. Water sorption and solubility of dental cements in distilled water have not been tested sufficiently. Aims: To evaluate and compare the water sorption and solubility of four different dental cements for permanent cementation at different time interval. Materials and Methods: Four different dental cements were selected: 1. Resin modified glass ionomer cement (Rely X luting2), 2. Poly acid modified composite resin cement (PermaCem Compomer), 3. Self-etching, self-adhesive dual cure composite resin cement (BeautiCem SA) and 4. Self-adhesive, dual cure composite resin cement (PermaCem 2.0). 120 discs were prepared, 30 discs for each group using Teflon molds (15±0.1mm in diameter and 1±0.1 mm in thickness). The discs were dried in a desiccator at 37co and weighted daily until a stable weight (M1) was achieved using an electronic digital balance with accuracy of 0.0001g. The discs were immersed in distilled water for different time intervals (1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days) and the weight (M2) was recorded. The discs were replaced in a desiccator and weighed daily until stable weight (M3) was achieved. Water sorption and solubility in µg/mm³ were calculated using the following equations: Wsp=(M2-M3)/V; Wsl=(M1-M3)/V. Data analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s Post hoc test. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the different dental cements and time intervals for both water sorption and solubility. RelyX luting2 exhibited the highest water sorption and solubility values at different time interval, whereas Permacem 2.0 showed the lowest values (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Four types of dental cements of different compositions showed different behavior on water sorption and solubility. Resin cements are recommended for the permanent cementation of indirect restorations. Dental cements exhibited a time dependent increase in both water solubility and sorption.

Primary restorative fillings used in clinical practice

Introduction: The purpose of the American Academy of Pediatric Dental Medicine (AAPD) is to provide guidance for pediatric dental practitioners to make decisions about what materials and techniques are appropriate for child fillings. Materials and Methods: A total of 602 patients, children with primary, mixed and permanent teeth, who have received treatment with restorative fillings, were monitored. The minimum age of children was 3 and the maximum age of participants was 18 years of age. Patients were divided into 16 age groups. Patients underwent a pre-made risk assessment using a clinical instrument. Children included in the study had a proven high risk of developing caries dmft (T) > 1. This was a retrospective study based on participants’ medical records and examined the incidence, proportion and correlation of reversible and irreversible pulp inflammation diagnosed as d3, d4 cavitated caries lesions. The data was processed with a modern package of mathematical and statistical analysis SPSS v 20.0 Results: The inverse ratio, a strong dependence indicates that as age increases, fillings made of resin modified glass ionomer cements decrease (r = - 0.661; p < 0.001). The inverse ratio, proportional and moderate dependence proves that as the age increases, the number, frequency, and use of compomer fillings in children over 12 years of age decreases (r = - 0.368; p < 0.001). With proportional dependence, we found that with the increasing age, the number of placed silants in childhood increased (r = 0.646, p < 0.001). Conclusion: In all tests we have shown a statistically significant difference. The inverse correlation, proves that with the increasing age of children the use of glass ionomer cements and the use of compomers fillings decreases.

The efficacy of Portland cement as a pulpotomy agent in deciduous teeth

PurposeThe objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of Portland cement (Pc) in comparison with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) as a pulpotomy agent in primary molars. Materials and methods64 Deciduous Mandibular Second Molar of children aged between 6 and 8 years were randomly distributed to either PC or MTA groups which was treated by a conventional pulpotomy technique. The teeth were restored with resin modified glass ionomer cement and stainless-steel crowns. All teeth were assessed clinically and radiographically for success and followed at 3, 6 and 12 months. ResultsAt 12 months follow-up, the Clinical success rates of MTA and PC were 100% and 93.3% respectively. The radiographic success rate of MTA after 12 months was 96.7% while PC was 93.3% respectively. However, the results showed no significant difference between the two groups. ConclusionThis study finding showed that PC can be used a as pulpotomy agent with high clinical and radiographic success rates similar to MTA. PC may serve as a good alternative to MTA for pulpotomies of primary teeth.

Effects of N-Vinylcaprolactam Containing Polyacids and Zirconia on Mechanical Properties of Commercial Glass Ionomer Cements

This study aimed to investigate the impact of N-vinylcaprolactam (NVC) and Nano-sized yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), separately and simultaneously, on the mechanical properties of the commercial glass ionomer cements (GICs). Methods: The NVC is able to ameliorate the mechanical and surface properties of glass ionomers; however, its effect hasn’t been investigated in conjunction with zirconia yet. In order to perform the current research, the liquid of glass ionomer was synthesized by adding the NVC to its copolymer and then was characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transforms infrared. In addition, Nano-sized YSZ was added to the powder of glass ionomer and then was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Afterward, the specimens for both flexural strength (FS) and microhardness were prepared by mixing the powder and liquid of the modified glass ionomer. Eventually, the aforementioned properties were evaluated after 24 h and 1 week of immersion in distilled water in an incubator. Furthermore, the one-way analysis of variance was used to study the statistical significance of FS. Results: The obtained results demonstrated that microhardness andFS properties of the glass ionomer were clearly improved as zirconia and NVC were added to the powder and liquid of the glass ionomer, respectively (P<0.05). Moreover, the best result was achieved for the group in which the modification of powder and liquid of glass ionomer occurred concurrently. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it was deduced that the modified GIC is a promising dental material with improved mechanical properties.

Micro-shear bond strength of bioactive cement to translucent zirconia after thermocycyling: a comparative in-vitro study

Objective: the purpose of the study was to evaluate the micro-shear bond strength of different cements to translucent zirconia before and after thermocycling aging. Material and methods: Twelve translucent zirconia ceramic discs were used in the study. Specimens were sandblasted using 50 ??m aluminum oxide (Al2O3) particles. The specimens were divided into three groups (n = 4) according to the cement type: Panavia resin cement (control group), resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI), and Activa bioactive cement. Each group was further sub-divided into two equal subgroups (n = 2) according to whether the specimens were subjected to thermocycling or not. Thermocycling was performed in distilled water at 5000 cycles between 5 oC - 55 oC. The micro-shear bond strength test (?SBS) was measured using universal testing machine. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare between the three cements. Dunn’s test was used for pair-wise comparisons when Kruskal-Wallis test is significant. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare between micro-shear bond strength before and after thermocycling P ? 0.05. Results: In non-aged subgroups, there was no significant difference between Panavia and Activa; both showed significantly the highest mean ?SBS values (22.9 MPa, 31.3 MPa respectively). While, RMGI showed the lowest ?SBS values (4.7 MPa). In thermocycled subgroups, Panavia showed significantly the highest mean ?SBS values (32.2 MPa). There was no significant difference between RMGI and Activa; both showed the lowest significant mean ?SBS values (3.2 MPa and 8.7 MPa respectively). Conclusions: RMGI and Activa couldn’t be considered long-term reliable materials for cementing zirconia. However, Panavia provided the most durable bond to zirconia.KEYWORDSBioactive cement; Micro-shear bond strength; Resin cement; Translucent zirconia.

Comparison of the coronal marginal microleakage of tooth colored restorative materials.

Objectives: To compare the coronal marginal microleakage three types of available tooth colored restorative materials. Study Design: This in vitro comparative experimental study. Setting: Department of Science of Dental Materials, Sardar Begum Dental College. Period: July 2017 to November 2017. Material &amp; Methods: Marginal micro-leakage of three tooth colored dental restorative materials were evaluated. In this study 55 specimens were divided into five groups, three experimental and two control groups. For experimental groups (I, II, III), 15 specimens each were allocated while five specimens each were allocated to positive control and negative control group. Standard Class I cavities were restored using Self-cured Glass Ionomer (Shofu Inc Japan), Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (Kavitan LC; Spofa Dental Kerr Company) and Posterior Composites (Filtek P60; 3M ESPE). After thermo cycling and immersion in 2% methylene blue dye solution, the teeth were sectioned and the dye penetration depth measurement was done for each specimen with a periodontal probe in mm with the aid of magnifying lens. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the significant difference in coronal marginal microleakage of different materials by using SPSS. Results: It was found that there was a statistically significant difference (p &lt; 0.05) in the micro-leakage of Group II and Group III when compared with group I but no statistically significant difference in the micro-leakage values of Group II and Group III was observed. Conclusion: All the restorative materials were unable to prevent the microleakage completely. Filtek P60 displayed minimum mean microleakage followed by Kavitan LC while the mean microleakage of Self-cured shofu Glass Ionomer was found to be maximum.

Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of Three Different Generation Dentin Bonding Agents and Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement: An In-Vitro Study

Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of Three Different Generation Dentin Bonding Agents and Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement: An In-Vitro Study

Effect of different polishing techniques on surface roughness and bacterial adhesion of three glass ionomer-based restorative materials: In vitro study.

BackgroundAlthough many reports concluded that polishing of glass ionomers is crucial for smoother surface and limiting the adhesion of cariogenic bacteria, there is no specific surface treatment protocol recommended. A novel material in the same category was released recently claimed to have surface smoothness comparable to resin composite and bacterial adhesion less than other types of glass ionomers. In this study, different polishing systems were tested with three glass ionomers one of them is the novel material to find the most appropriate polishing protocol. Objectives: To evaluate and compare the surface roughness and bacterial adhesion to resin modified glass ionomer, bioactive ionic resin and conventional glass ionomer restorative materials after different polishing protocols in vitro. Material and MethodsThe materials tested includes resin modified glass ionomer, bioactive ionic resin, and conventional glass ionomer. The polishing protocols were divided into four groups: group 1 = (Mylar matrix strips, Control), group 2 = (one-step, PoGo), group 3 = (two-step, Prisma Gloss) and group 4 = (three-step, Sof-Lex). From each material, eleven cylindrical specimens were prepared for each group according to the manufacturers’ instructions. The surface roughness for all specimens was measured using atomic force microscope in tapping mode. the same specimens were subjected to bacterial adhesion testing after being coated with artificial saliva. Data were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance followed by Post hoc multiple comparisons. ResultsThe highest Ra and S. mutans adhesion values were recorded for all materials in two-step group. The lowest Ra and S. mutans adhesion values were seen in one-step and three step groups. ConclusionsOne-step polishing system was more effective and may be preferable for polishing of the three studied glass ionomer-based materials compared to two-step and three-step systems. Key words:Activa bioactive restorative, glass ionomer, surface roughness, bacterial adhesion, surface treatment.

Histologic Evaluation of Artificial Floors Under MTA and Nano-Filled Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Used to Repair Furcation Perforations in Dogs.

Objective:This study aimed to compare the tissue reaction of two repair materials for furcation perforations, nano-filled resin modified glass ionomer (Nano-FRMGI) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), used with or without an artificial floor.Methods:A total of 96 teeth in 6 dogs were used for this study. After access cavities, root canals were prepared and obturated with gutta percha using cold lateral condensation technique. Perforations were then created on the floors of the pulp chambers. The perforations divided into four groups n=24/group that were sealed with MTA alone, MTA with calcium sulphate artificial floor (CSAF), FRMGI alone and Nano-FRMGI with CSAF. All access cavities were filled with composite resin. Two dogs were sacrificed at 1, 3, and 6 month. The experimental tooth along with the surrounding alveolar bone were cut in block sections and histologically evaluated for tissue response. Data were analyzed by Chi-square (P≤0.05).Results:MTA and MTA with CSAF showed more bone and cementum apposition when compared to Nano-FRMGI at 6-month interval. MTA and MTA with CSAF showed less bone resorption, epithelium proliferation and inflammation compared to Nano-FRMGI at 6-month interval.Conclusion:MTA with CSAF or MTA-alone show better outcomes in the repair of pulp chamber floor perforation.

Ameloplasty is counterproductive in reducing microleakage around Resin Modified Glass Ionomer and Resin based fissure sealants.

Objective:To compare the microleakage around resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) based sealants and flowable resin based sealants placed with or without ameloplasty in extracted human teeth.Methods:This in-vitro experimental study was conducted at the Operative Dentistry Department, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan from June 2017 to December 2018. Sixty extracted human molars and premolars were assigned to four groups (n=15) each, according to the type of fissure sealant (flowable resin based sealant or resin modified glass ionomer based sealant) used and either placed with or without ameloplasty. Specimens were thermocycled and then immersed in 1% methylene blue for 24 hours. Specimens were then sectioned and examined using stereo-microscope (50X) for microleakage that was scored on an ordinal scale. Mann-Whitney U test and Ordinal regression were applied. Level of significance kept at 0.05.Results:There was a statistically significant difference (p-value <0.001) between the two sealant types for the microleakage scores. Sealants placed with ameloplasty demonstrated significantly higher microleakage values (p-value <0.001).Conclusion:Microleakage was found to be more pronounced in RMGIC based sealants compared to the resin based sealants. Ameloplasty resulted in higher leakage around the sealants irrespective of the chemistry of material.

Investigation of water sorption and aluminum releases from high viscosity and resin modified glass ionomer.

BackgroundHigh viscosity glass ionomer cement (HVGIC) and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) have recently been clinically preferred thanks to their numerous advantages. However, initial moisture contamination has a negative effect on the mechanical and physical properties of these cements. The aim of this study was in vitro of HVGICs and RMGICs, with and without surface protection, on water sorption, solubility and release of aluminum. Material and MethodsIn this study, as HVGICs; Equia Forte, IonoStar Plus, Riva Self Cure; as RMCIS, Ionolux and Riva Light Cure; and as control, Z250 universal composite was used. Equia coat, Voco varnish and Riva coat were chosen as surface protective. Water sorption and solubility levels of the samples were measured according to ISO 4049:2009. Al levels released from samples were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) for 7, 14 and 21 days. Statistical evaluation of the results was made using one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc test (p<0.05). ResultsRMGICs from restorative materials showed more water absorption than HVGICs, but no differences in solubility. Among the materials tested, the water absorption values of the HVGIC and RMGIC materials without surface protection were higher than those with the surface protection (p<0.001). ConclusionsIt was determined that the Al release of HVGIC and RMGIC groups with the surface protection were lower in all time periods than the groups without surface protection (p<0.001). The application of surface protection effectively reduced water sorption and Al release from HVGICs and RMGICs. Key words:Highly viscous glass ionomer cement, resin coating, aluminum release, water sorption, solubility.

Microleakage comparison of resin modified glass ionomer and OrthoMTA used as a coronal barrier in nonvital teeth bleaching

Microleakage comparison of resin modified glass ionomer and OrthoMTA used as a coronal barrier in nonvital teeth bleaching

A COMPARATIVE IN-VITRO STUDY ON WEIGHT CHANGE OF CONVENTIONAL GLASS IONOMER, RESIN MODIFIED GLASS IONOMER CEMENT AND COMPOSITE RESIN

Objective: To compare the weight change of two commercially available variants of each; conventional GIC, RMGIC &amp; resin composite when stored at 100% humidity at mouth temperature (37˚C).&#x0D; Materials and Methods:The samples of Fiji IX, Chemfil Rock, and Fuji plus were allowed to set for 15 minutes. Light cured Fuji II LC were polymerised for 20 seconds, kept in an incubator for 60 minutes and for storage in deionized H2O at temperature of 37°C as per instructions of the company. Weight changes were for all the sample were carried out using an analytical balance at two intervals; Pre and post immersion of samples in the said medium. The weight changes were recorded at 24 hours, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks. Surface water was blotted post immersion for every sample and weighed. For all samples the average and standard deviation evaluated &amp; t test stats to see any important differences.&#x0D; Results:At 24 hours, on an average the maximum wt% change was noted for self-cure Fuji Plus (3.350 ± 0.0034%) this weight change was significantly higher when p value was considered significant at 0.05. At 4 weeks the average wt% change remained highest for self-cured rein modified glass ionomer (4.250 ± 0.0049%).&#x0D; Conclusion:RMGIC had maximum variation in weight when stored at 37˚C in deionized water as compared to conventional GIC and dental composite materials.

Decalcification and bond failure rate in resin modified glass ionomer cement versus conventional composite for orthodontic bonding: A systematic review & meta-analysis

Demineralized white spot lesions (DWSLs) are one of the unfavourable effects of orthodontic treatment. Resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) was introduced to reduce its occurrence. The study aimed to determine the incidence of DWSLs as primary objective and bond failure rate in brackets bonded with RMGIC versus conventional composite (CC) as secondary objective. A thorough literature search was done until April 2019 on various databases including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane database, CINHAL, Dental and Oral Science, and manual search. Only human clinical trials and published in English language were included. We considered the experimental group of orthodontic patients with brackets bonded with RMGIC and the control group with brackets bonded with CC. Blind and induplicate study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were undertaken. RevMan software was used for data analysis. Odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was used to express the effect estimate of frequency of bracket failure bonded using RMGIC and CC. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs and ROBINS-I tool for N-RCTs. Sensitivity analyses and subgroup analysis were performed as well. Out of 2285 articles, nine met the inclusion criteria. Five were RCTs and four were N-RCTs. Out of nine, seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. A random effect model was used. No significant difference was found in the bond failure rate (risk ratio: 1.48; 95% CI: 0.57-3.87; P≤0.42). No difference was found in the occurrence of DWSLs between the two groups. Due to the limited number of studies and studies with high risk of bias, no strong conclusion can be drawn. More studies need to be done to reasonably conclude that RMGIC is beneficial in reducing the occurrence of DWSLs and have comparable bond failure rate. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019125386) prior to the commencement of the systematic review.

The effect of the addition of propolis to resin modified glass ionomer cement bracket adhesive materials on the growth inhibition zone of Streptococcus mutans

Background: Orthodontic treatments progress alongside the development of adhesive materials. The aim of the present study was to determine the antibacterial properties of propolis, a natural product, in a mixture of resin modified glass ionomer cement by observing the growth inhibition zone of Streptococcus mutans. Methods: This was an in vitro study conducted on 45 samples of adhesive material, which were divided into three groups of propolis concentrations (0%, 15%, and 25%) and duration (0, 15, and 30 days). The antibacterial effect of each sample was evaluated against S. mutans using an agar plate diffusion test. Measurement of the diameter of the growth inhibition zone of S. mutans were carried out. The data obtained were analyzed statistically by Kruskal Wallis test. Results: There was a relationship between concentration and duration of propolis to the growth inhibition zone of S. mutans (p<0.05). The addition of 25% propolis concentration inhibited the growth of S. mutans more than the addition of 15% and 0% propolis concentration. The addition of 0%, 15%, and 25% propolis concentration to resin modified glass ionomer cement for 15 days was more effective in inhibiting the growth of S. mutans. Conclusion: The addition of propolis to adhesive materials provides an inhibitory effect on the growth of S. mutans, which may be effective in the world of preventive dentistry.

Efek Antibiofilm Glass Ionomer Cements dan Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cements Terhadap Lactobacillus acidophilus

Background: Risk factors for developing secondary caries are similar to those resulting in primary caries. The marginal seal of a restoration is one of the important factors predicting clinical success. The antibiofilm effect of materials used for the luting cement of oral function affects oral health. Antibiofilm properties of dental luting materials such as Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) and Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC) may improve the restorative treatment outcome. Purpose: This experiment evaluates the antibiofilm effect of GIC and RMGIC on Lactobacillus acidophilus in vitro. Method: Lactobacillus acidophilus served as test microorganism. The quantitative microtiter plate biofilm assays were used to evaluate the antibiofilm effect of the dental luting materials on early-stage biofilm using a direct contact test (DCT) then continued by reading of Optical Density (OD) of biofilm using ELISA reader at a wavelength of 570nm. Result: GIC and RMGIC showed a decrease of OD value from negative control in all groups. The materials’ elute had effect on both bacterial growth with GIC higher then RMGIC to inhibit Lactobacillus acidophilus biofilm formation. Conclusion: The antibiofilm effect of GIC more effective than RMGIC to inhibit Lactobacillus acidophilus biofilm formation.

Pit and fissure sealants penetration capacity and their correlation with fissure morphology.

Background and aimsPit and fissure sealant placement corresponds to an effective approach of the prevention of caries on occlusal surfaces. Fissure morphology and dental material characteristics are the key factors for sealant effectiveness. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the penetration ability of two commercially available pit and fissure sealants.MethodsTwenty sound human premolars extracted for orthodontic purpose have been sealed according to manufacturer’s instructions as follows: Group I (n=10), light-cured unfilled resin-based sealant, Admira Seal® (Voco GmbH); Group II (n=10), resin modified glass ionomer sealant without varnish, GC Fuji Triage® (GC Corporation). The teeth have been sectioned buccal-lingually in the middle of the occlusal surface, and the sections were examined at 40× with an inverted microscope.ResultsPenetration of the sealants was found to be greater in U-type fissure pattern (91.69%) followed by V-type (75.42%), IK-type (71.24%) and then in I-type (63.98%). The depth of penetration of GC Fuji Triage® (82.85%) demonstrated to be superior to Admira Seal® (76.28%).ConclusionU fissure design was more common than other fissure patterns and showed significantly higher penetration for the two type of sealants evaluated. Resin modified glass ionomer sealant used in the present study perform comparably with the filled resin sealant.