Modified Glass Ionomer Research Articles

Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of Chitosan/Silver Nanoparticles Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (An In vitro Study)

Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of Chitosan/Silver Nanoparticles Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (An In vitro Study)

Effects of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Potassium Iodide Solutions on the Anti-Caries Properties, Surface Hardness, and Bond Strength of Resin Modified Glass Ionomer in Dentin

This study evaluated the effects of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and potassium iodide (PI) on carious dentin. The antibacterial efficacy, surface hardness, and bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGI) were assessed. Dentin specimens were prepared and subjected to artificial caries formation. The antibacterial effect of SDF/PI was compared to sodium fluoride varnish using Streptococcus mutans colony counts. Surface microhardness was measured using the Vickers hardness test. Shear bond strength of RMGI to treated surfaces was evaluated after thermocycling. Results showed that SDF/PI had superior antibacterial effects compared to NaF varnish. Surface hardness significantly increased one week after SDF/PI application. While SDF/PI treatment did not immediately affect RMGI bond strength to carious dentin, delayed bonding after one week significantly improved bond strength. These findings suggest that SDF/PI is effective in arresting caries and enhancing remineralization of carious dentin. The study also indicates that delaying restoration placement for one week after SDF/PI application may be beneficial for improving bond strength. This research provides valuable insights into the clinical application of SDF/PI for caries management and subsequent restorative procedures.

The effect of mesoporous silica doped with silver nanoparticles on glass ionomer cements; physiochemical, mechanical and ion release analysis

BackgroundThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of adding mesoporous silica with silver nanoparticles to conventional glass ionomer cements (GIC) on its, physical, chemical, mechanical properties and ion release analysis.MethodsSynthesized mesoporous silica with silver nanoparticles were added in 1, 3 and 5% by weight to the liquid component of GIC forming three experimental groups and compared with plain GIC as control group. Physical and chemical characterization were conducted using nano-computerized tomography (NanoCT) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Surface microhardness, water sorption and solubility were analyzed. Ion release was investigated using Inductive Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy and High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Statistical analysis between different groups for the set parameters using parametric and non-parametric tests. The results were analysed using one way analysis of variance (p < 0.05).ResultsSynthesized mesoporous silica with silver nanoparticles were of 7.28 ± 5.0 nm in diameter with a spherical morphology. NanoCT revealed less porosities for 3 wt %. Microhardness showed a statistically significant difference for 5 wt% at day 1 and 21 ( p < 0.0001). Water sorption values decreased significantly on day 14 compared to day 7 for control, 1, 3 and 5 wt%. Control specimens showed highest concentration of fluoride release followed by 5, 3 and 1 wt%.ConclusionMesoporous silica with silver nanoparticles modified glass ionomer cements showed comparable microhardness to conventional GIC. Ion release was evident from the modified specimens. Silver remained within the GIC for atleast four weeks following incorporation.

Evaluation of some mechanical and optical properties of modified glass ionomer cement with TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles

BackgroundGlass ionomer cements with extended setting time and inferior mechanical properties present significant challenges for dentists in clinical practice. Thus, various alterations aimed to enhance their properties.Aim of the studyTo study the effect of adding TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles on properties of conventional glass ionomer cement.Methods2.5 wt% TiO2 and 2.5 wt% SiO2 were added to the glass ionomer cement (GC Gold Label Luting & Lining Cement, Japan). Microhardness, compressive strength, setting time and color changes were evaluated using Vickers hardness tester, Universal testing machine, Gillmore needle apparatus and spectrophotometer, respectively.ResultsData were analyzed using SPSS 18. Mean, SD, and confidence intervals were reported. Normality was checked using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The experimental group revealed a higher hardness value than the control group. Meanwhile, Compressive strength results revealed a higher value of the control group than experimental group. Setting time was longer for the experimental group, in the meantime no perceptible color change for the experimental group was recorded.ConclusionsAdding 2.5 wt% TiO2 and 2.5 wt% SiO2 to conventional glass ionomer had a positive effect on microhardness without affecting the perceptible color.

Comparison of Bracket Failure with Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement and Resin-Based Adhesive

A high strength of bonding materials is needed for orthodontic attachments to sustain therapeutic forces and patients’ masticatory habits. Objectives: To compare the bond strength of the resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and resign based adhesive system which leads to bracket failure in orthodontic treatment (failure to bracket attachment) for the duration of 6 months at the a tertiary care hospital at Hyderabad, Sindh Pakistan. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study involved 30 patients, each with 20 brackets, using non-probability sampling. Participants were between the ages of 13 and 30 with fully erupted permanent teeth and mild skeletal discrepancies. Quadrants were randomized, and 120 attachments were placed in total, split evenly between the two types of materials. The study involved bonding orthodontic brackets using either composite resin or RMGIC. The teeth were prepared and cleansed, and the brackets were bonded following standard procedures. Patients were monitored each month for six months (six visits) to check for any debonded or missing brackets. Chi-Square test was run to compare bracket failure between two groups. Results: There were significant differences in bracket failure rates between the composite and RMGIC sides. Composite had a lower failure rate, with 90% of brackets remaining intact compared to 63.3% with RMGIC (p=0.04). Gender comparisons showed both male and female participants experienced more failures with RMGIC than with composite, with p-values of 0.039 and 0.038, respectively. Conclusion: RMGIC could not withstand the forces experienced during fixed appliance treatment as effectively as composite resin, resulting in a higher debonding rate.

Correction: Histopathological pulp response to nano zirconia versus nano clay modified glass ionomers: An experimental study

Correction: Histopathological pulp response to nano zirconia versus nano clay modified glass ionomers: An experimental study

A protocol for a comparative evaluation of the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth reinforced with Cention N, resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and short fiber reinforced flowable composite as an intraorifice barrier.

Endodontic treatment is the most common method for resolving pulpal and periapical pathology. However, various studies have reported that almost 11%-13% of all teeth that undergo extraction after endodontic treatment show the presence of cracks, craze lines, and vertical root fractures. Teeth with inadequate post endodontic restoration are more prone to fracture and coronal leakage, resulting in the diffusion of oral fluids, bacteria, bacterial products, and possibly root canal treatment failure. Furthermore, studies have advocated the use of endodontically treated teeth with restorative materials that have a similar or higher elastic modulus than the tooth for providing stiffness against forces that cause root fracture. Intraorifice barriers made of restorative materials that can bond to radicular dentin could thus be used to reinforce the radicular dentin while also preventing coronal microleakage. Although the sealing ability of intraorifice barriers has been widely compared in the literature, there have been few studies on the strengthening effect of the materials used in the study as intraorifice barriers when placed into the root canal. As a result, the current in vitro study aims to assess the effect of various materials as intraorifice barriers (Cention N, Resin modified glass ionomer cement, and short fiber reinforced flowable composite) on the force required fracture teeth after root canal treatment. This in vitro study will be done on extracted human mandibular premolars with single root canal where after doing root canal treatment 2-3 mm obturating material would be replaced by intra orifice barriers (Cention N, resin modified glass ionomer cement [RMGIC], and short fiber reinforced flowable composite). The force required to fracture teeth will be calculated using universal testing machine.

Evaluation of Physical Properties in Carboxymethyl Chitosan Modified Glass Ionomer Cements and the Effect for Dentin Remineralization: SEM/EDX, Compressive Strength, and Ca/P Ratio.

The aim of this article was to evaluate the effects of modifying glass ionomer cement (GIC) with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) on surface morphology and remineralization outcomes by examining dentin morphology and calcium ion composition changes. Thirty holes in a cylindrical acrylic mold were filled with three groups of restorative materials: GIC, GIC modified with CMC (GIC-CMC) 5%, and GIC-CMC10%. The surface morphology of each group's materials was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The compressive strength measurement was performed using a universal testing machine. The dentin remineralization process was performed by applying GIC, GIC-CMC5%, and GIC-CMC10% materials for 14 days on demineralized dentin cavities treated with 17% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 7 days. A morphological evaluation was conducted using SEM. The calcium ion composition and calcium-to-phosphorous (Ca/P) ratio were examined using an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). The Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to compare all four groups of calcium ions (p < 0.05). The modification of GIC with CMC affected the morphological changes in the materials in the form of reduced porosity and increased fractures. A significant difference was found in compressive strength between the GIC-CMC modification materials of GIC-CMC5% and GIC-CMC10% and the GIC control group. The dentin tubule morphology and surface changes were observed after applying GIC, GIC-CMC5%, and GIC-CMC10% materials for 14 days, as evaluated by SEM. The EDX examination showed an increase in calcium ion content and hydroxyapatite formation (Ca/P ratio) after applying the GIC-CMC10% material. The surface porosity of the GIC modification material with the addition of CMC tended to decrease. However, an increase in cracked surfaces that widened, along with the rise in CMC percentage, was found. This modification also reduced the compressive strength of the materials, with the lowest average yield at 10% CMC addition. Therefore, the modification of GIC with CMC affects changes in morphology, calcium ion composition, and Ca/P ratio in demineralized dentin.

TO COMPARE THE SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF RESIN MODIFIED GLASS IONOMER CEMENT TO COMPOSITE RESIN USING FOUR DIFFERENT ADHESIVE SYSTEMS: AN IN VITRO STUDY

Aim: To evaluate and compare shear bond strength of resin modified glass ionomer cement to composite resin using different adhesive systems. Materials and Methods: 60 acrylic blocks were prepared by drilling holes to retain resin modified glass ionomer cement (GC Gold Label 2 LC Light Cured Universal Restorative-GIC). Samples were then divided into five groups (n=12) based on the generation of bonding agent used. Group I- Fifth Generation Bonding agent – 3M ESPE Adper single bond 2 adhesive, Group II- Sixth Generation Bonding Agent – Shofu FL Bond II Primer Self Etching Agent, Group III- Seventh Generation Bonding Agent – GC Solare Universal, Group IV- Eighth Generation Bonding Agent – IvoclarTetric N-Bond Universal and Group V- Control group. All the 60 specimens were filled with composite resin - Nano-Hybrid Composite (IvoclarVivadentTetric N-Ceram) over resin-modified glass ionomer cement and light cured. Shear bond strength was determined using the Universal testing Machine and directing the shearing force on the composite andresin modified glass ionomer cement interface. Amount of force required for bond failure was recorded in Newton. The data was analysed using one-way ANOVA and Post hoc Tukey test for statistical analysis. Result: Group IV showed higher bond strength followed by Group III, Group II, Group I &amp; Group V. Conclusion: Bond strength of composite to resin modified glass ionomer cement was significantly higher for eighth generation bonding agent when compared to others.

Long-term clinical comparison of a resin-based composite and resin modified glass ionomer in the treatment of cervical caries lesions.

This 72-month study compared the clinical effectiveness of a resin-based composite (RBC) (Spectrum TPH3, Dentsply Sirona) with a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) (Riva Light Cure, SDI) in restoring cervical caries lesions (CCLs). Thirty-three patients, each with at least two CCLs, were enrolled. After caries removal, the dimensions of the cavities were recorded. In a split-mouth study design, a total of 110 restorations were randomly placed. Fifty-five restorations were placed with RBC using an etch-and-rinse adhesive system (Prime&Bond NT, Dentsply Sirona), while the remaining 55 were restored with RMGIC. The restorations were assessed at baseline, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 60, and 72months according to modified USPHS criteria. Statistical analysis included Pearson Chi-square, Friedman tests, Kaplan Meier, and Logistic Regression analysis (p < 0.05). After 72months, 47 restorations in 19 patients were evaluated (55% follow-up rate). Seventy-five percent of the RBC (n = 26) and 74% (n = 21) of the RMGIC restorations were fully retained. There were no significant differences between materials regarding retention and marginal adaptation (p > 0.05). Cavity dimensions, caries activity, and retention exhibited no correlation (p > 0.05). The increase in marginal staining in both groups over time was significant (p < 0.001). RMGIC restorations exhibited higher discoloration than RBC restorations (p = 0.014). At 72months, three secondary caries lesions were detected in both restoration groups: two RMGIC and one RBC. There were no reports of sensitivity. After 72months, both RBC and RMGIC restorations were clinically successful, with similar retention and marginal adaptation scores. However, it is noteworthy that RMGIC restorations tend to discoloration over time compared to RBC. The trial is registered in the database of "Clinical Trials". The registration number is NCT0372-2758, October 29, 2018.

In Vitro Evaluation Of The Effect Of Different Cleansing Agents On The Shear Bond Of Contaminated Zirconia Ceramics To Resin Cement

Aim: The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different cleansing solutions on the shear bond strength of contaminated zirconia ceramic to resin cement. Materials and Methods: Fifty zirconia disc (Dental Direkt,YES Germany) of size 10mm x 3mm were fabricated and mounted in self-cure acrylic resin block using a customized jig. The samples (n=10) were grouped based on two cleansing solutions and sub grouped based on two contaminants. Group I (control), neither contaminated nor any cleansing solution used. Group IIA, contaminating with saliva, cleansed with water and Group IIB, contaminating with GC Fitchecker II, cleansed with water. Group IIIA, contaminating with saliva, cleansed with Zirclean and Group IIIB, contaminating with GC Fitchecker II, cleansed with Zirclean. Subsequently fifty composite buttons (5.5mm x 3mm) were fabricated and bonded to the test samples using resin modified glass ionomer cement (Riva Cem,SDI). Thermocycling, shear bond strength, scanning electron microscopy were carried out for all the groups. Statistical analysis was done using independent t test with SPSS software Results: On comparison it was found that samples contaminated with saliva, cleansed with Zirclean showed a higher mean shear bond strength and the result was statistically significant (P&lt;0.001). Samples contaminated with GC Fitchecker, cleansed with Zirclean showed a higher mean shear bond strength and the result was statistically significant (P&lt;0.001). The result collaborated with SEM analysis of the debonded samples. Conclusion: Zirclean can be used as an effective surface cleansing solution for zirconia restorations.

Effect of Incorporating Chitosan to Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement on Shear Bond Strength to Dentin (An In vitro Comparative Study).

Resin-modified glass ionomer cement tends to shrink due to polymerization of the resin component. Additionally, they are more prone to syneresis and imbibition during the setting process. This in vitro study evaluates the impact of chitosan, a biopolymer that is, both biomaterial and biocompatible, on the strength of dentin bonding and compares it with ACTIVA Bio-ACTIVE Restorative. The present study was aimed to assess the impact of including chitosan into Fuji II on the shear bond strength between. the restoration material and tooth dentin, in contrast to Bioactiva in permanent teeth. A total of 30 premolar teeth were recently extracted. The study involved three distinct sample groups. Group 1 (10 teeth) is the negative control (Fuji II), Group 2 (10 teeth) is the positive control (ACTIVA Bio-ACTIVE Restorative), and Group 3 (10 teeth) is treated with a mixture of Chitosan and Fuji II (CH-Fuji II). Each tooth's buccal and palatal cusps were eliminated to achieve a horizontal surface. Using a periodontal probe, 1.5 mm from the mesial pit to the mesial marginal ridge were removed. Restoration was implemented in all groups following manufacturer directions. Thermocycling the teeth by immersing them in a water bath with temperatures ranging from 5°C to 55°C (± 1-2°C) for 30 s (500 cycles). Each sample was attached to the universal testing machine's jig at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min. Shear force was used until breakage, and the bond's adhesive strength was then calculated. Statistical analysis using ANOVA with Dunnett's T3 post hoc test. Results were significant at P < 0.05. Statistically significant difference was present between Chitosan and Fuji II and between Chitosan and Activa by reducing the shear bond strength. Addition of chitosan to Fuji II had a negative effect on the shear bond with a significant difference while Activa and Fuji II exhibited favorable shear bond strength.

Effects of novel additives on the mechanical and Biological properties of glass ionomer cement: An in vitro study

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of incorporated novel additives in Glass Ionomer Cement to ameliorate biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Introduction: Though Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) has multiple advantages, it is not strong enough for medical applications, and its biocompatibility is questionable. To improve biocompatibility and its mechanical properties, a study was performed to investigate the potential benefits of adding graphene, carbon nanotubes, hydroxyapatite, and bioactive glass to GIC. The objective was to enhance both the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of GIC. Material and Method: Modified Glass Ionomer Cement was prepared by creating five groups. Hydroxyapatite, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene, and bioactive glass were incorporated in a 10:1 weight ratio, respectively. Group 5 was designated as the control group and used Fuji Type II GIC. After preparing 90 samples, they were kept in deionized water for a day and then evaluated their compressive strength, microhardness, and diametral tensile strength, and also checked their in vitro cytotoxicity by direct contact with L929 mammalian fibroblast cells. Statistical Analysis: The data were examined using mean and standard deviation descriptive statistics. The comparative evaluation was done via Tukey HSD test and one-way ANOVA using S.P.S.S. software. Result: It showed that Group 3 had better results in compressive strength (144.478+- 3.989), diametral tensile strength (20.29+- 0.8601), and microhardness (131+-3.536) when compared with other groups while in the biocompatibility (viability %) Group 1 [82.55], Group 3 [76.49], Group 4 [87.63], while Group 2[58.02]. Conclusion: Group 3 has better physical properties in microhardness, diametral tensile strength, and compressive strength, than the other groups. In Biocompatibility, Group 1, Group 3, Group 4, and Group 5 were noncytotoxic at the same time multi-walled carbon nanotubes group (Group 2) had cytotoxic potential.

EVALUATION OF STAINLESS-STEEL CROWN CEMENTED WITH GLASS IONOMER CEMENT, RESIN MODIFIED GLASS IONOMER CEMENT AND NEW SELF-ADHESIVE RESIN CEMENT: AN INVITRO STUDY

Aim: To assess and compare the retentive strength of stainless-steel crown cemented with glass ionomer cement (GC Fuji I), resin modiifed glass ionomer cement (Relyx Luting 2) and new self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U200). Materials and Method: Forty-five extracted primary teeth were mounted on acrylic blocks. Stainless steel crowns were selected for each tooth. Three cements compared in this in vitro study were glass ionomer cement (GC Fuji I), resin modified glass ionomer cement (RelyX Luting2) and self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U200). Teeth were randomly divided into three groups of 15 samples each. Retentive strength was tested using Instron Universal testing machine. The retentive strength values were recorded and calculated by the formula: Load/Area. Results: RelyX U200 (Self-adhesive resin cement) showed significantly higher retentive strength than rest of the two cements. No significant difference was found between RelyX Luting 2 (Resin modified glass ionomer cement) and GC Fuji I (Glass ionomer cement). Conclusion: The finding of our study suggests that self-adhesive resin cement was better than resin modified glass ionomer cement and glass ionomer cement. RelyX U200 (Self-adhesive resin cement) can be used for the cementation of stainless-steel crowns.

Effect of various surface coating methods on surface roughness, micromorphological analysis and fluoride release from contemporary glass ionomer restorations.

To evaluate the effect of various surface coating methods on surface roughness, micromorphological analysis and fluoride release from contemporary resin-modified and conventional glass ionomer restorations. A total of 72 permanent human molars were used in this study. The teeth were randomly assigned into 2 groups according to type of restorative materials used; resin modified glass ionomer cement and conventional glass ionomer (SDI Limited. Bayswater Victoria, Australia). Each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups according to the application of coat material; Sub-group1: without application of coat; Sub-group2: manufacturer recommended coat was applied and sub-group3: customized (vaseline) coat was applied. Each group was then subdivided into two divisions according to the time of testing; immediate (after 24h) and delayed (after 6 months of storage). Three specimens from each sub-group were selected for surface roughness test (AFM) and another 3 specimens for the micromorphological analysis using scanning electron microscope (SEM). For the fluoride release test, a total of 60 cylindrical discs were used (n = 60). The discs were randomly split into 2 groups according to type of restorative materials used (n = 30); resin modified glass ionomer cement and conventional glass ionomer. Each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups (n = 10) according to the application of the coat material; Sub-group1: without application of coat; Sub-group2: with the manufacturer recommended coat and sub-group3: with application of customized (vaseline) coat. Data for each test was then collected, tabulated, were collected, tabulated, and tested for the normality with Shapiro-Wilk test. Based on the outcome of normality test, the significant effects of variables were assessed using appropriate statistical analysis testing methods. Regarding the data obtained from surface roughness test, Shapiro-Wilk test showed normal distribution pattern of all values (p > 0.05). Accordingly, Two-way ANOVA outcome showed that the 'type of restoration' or 'test time' had statistically significant effect on the AFM test (p < 0.05). Regarding Fluoride specific ion electrode test 2-way ANOVA followed by Least Significant Difference (LSD) Post-hoc test revealed significant difference among the groups (p < 0.05). It showed that SDI GIC group after 14 days of measurement had the highest mean of fluoride release (36.38 ± 3.16 PPM) and SDI RMGIC after 30 days of measurement had the second highest mean of fluoride release (43.28 ± 1.89 PPM). Finally, regarding the micromorphological analysis using SEM, a slight difference was observed between the studied groups. Based on the results of this study, various coatings enhance surface roughness in the initial 24h of restoration insertion. Different coat types seems that have no influence on fluoride release and the micromorphological features of the restoration/dentin interface.

Evaluation of Zirconia Infused Glass Ionomer Cement Versus Resin Modified Glass Ionomer in Class II Restorations of Primary Molars.

Evaluation of Zirconia Infused Glass Ionomer Cement Versus Resin Modified Glass Ionomer in Class II Restorations of Primary Molars.

Cytotoxic effect of dental luting cement on human gingival mesenchymal stem cell and evaluation of cytokines and growth factor release - An in vitro study.

In routine dental care, various dental luting cements are utilized to cement the dental prosthesis. Thus, the aim of the current study was to assess the Cytotoxic effect of three different dental luting cements on human gingival mesenchymal stem cell and evaluation of cytokines and growth factors release. Cytotoxicity of glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and resin cement (RC) on the human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (HGMSCs) was evaluated. Amongst the cements tested, least cytotoxic cement was further tested for the release of cytokines and growth factors. MTT test was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the dental luting cements at 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h on HGMSCs. Cytokines such as interleukin (IL) 1α & IL 8 and growth factors such as platelet derived growth factor & transforming growth factor beta release from the least cytotoxic RC was evaluated using flow cytometry analysis. The mean absorbance values by MTT assay and cell viability at various time intervals between four groups were compared using a one way analysis of variance test and Tukey's post hoc test. The least cytotoxic RC group and the control group's mean levels of cytokines and growth factors were compared using the Mann-Whitney test. As exposure time increased, the dental luting cement examined in this study were cytotoxic. RC was the least cytotoxic, RMGIC was moderate and glass ionomer cement showed the highest cytotoxic effect. Concomitantly, a significant positive biological response of gingival mesenchymal stem cells with the release of ILs when exposed to the RC was observed. For a fixed dental prosthesis to be clinically successful over the long term, it is imperative that the biocompatibility of the luting cement be taken into account in order to maintain a healthy periodontium surrounding the restoration.

Comparative Evaluation of the Microleakage of Glass Ionomers as Restorative Materials: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies

This study aimed to perform a qualitative synthesis of the available in vitro evidence on the microleakage of commercially available conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs), resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs), and modified glass ionomer cements with nano-fillers, zirconia, or bioactive glasses. A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) statement standards. The literature search was performed in Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus to identify relevant articles. Laboratory studies that evaluated microleakage of GICs, RMGICs, and modified glass ionomer cements with nano-fillers, zirconia, or bioactive glasses were eligible for inclusion. The QUIN risk of bias tool for the assessment of in vitro studies conducted in dentistry was used. After the study selection process, which included duplicate removal, title and abstract screening, and full-text assessment, 15 studies were included. A qualitative synthesis of the evidence is presented, including author data, year of publication, glass ionomer materials used, sample characteristics, microleakage technique and values, and main outcome measures for primary and permanent teeth. Although no statistically significant differences were found in numerous studies, most results showed that RMGICs exhibited less leakage than conventional GICs. All studies agreed that leakage was significantly higher at dentin margins. It was also higher at the gingival margin than at the occlusal margin. Nano-filled RMGICs Ketac N100, Equia Forte, and Zirconomer appear to have less microleakage than conventional GICs and RMGICs. Further investigations using a standardized procedure are needed to confirm the results.

Antibacterial and mechanical properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles modified glass ionomer cement

This study was conducted with the primary objective of enhancing the properties of Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC), a widely utilized restorative material in Dentistry, through the incorporation of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs). The synthesis of CeO2 NPs employed the co-precipitation method with mushroom extract, and different concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8 wt%) were integrated into commercially available GIC powder via a solid-state reaction. Thorough characterization using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDAX) and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) validated the successful synthesis of CeO2 NPs. The modified CeO2 NPs modified GIC demonstrated a substantial improvement in microhardness, compressive and tensile strength, as well as antibacterial activity when compared to the conventional GIC (p < 0.001). This noteworthy enhancement addresses critical limitations inherent to GIC, such as poor mechanical strength and susceptibility to secondary caries, presenting promising applications in Dentistry. Furthermore, cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay and evaluation of the optical properties using the CIE 1976 L*a*b* color system was done. These tests affirmed the non-toxic nature of the material and revealed color values closely resembling those of human teeth and widely used restorative materials. This alignment with the natural tooth color not only adds an aesthetic dimension to the material's superiority but also underscores its potential for seamless integration within the oral environment. The clinical significance of this research lies in the potential advancement of GIC, not only in terms of improved mechanical and antibacterial properties but also in ensuring safety and aesthetic compatibility. The findings of this study hold promise for the development of superior dental materials, suggesting a positive trajectory towards enhanced clinical outcomes and addressing current challenges in restorative dentistry, particularly in pediatric applications.

Comparison of bond strength of self-adhesive and self-etch or total-etch resin cement to zirconia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of this study was to systematically compare the bond strength of self-adhesive and self-etch or total-etch resin cement to zirconia. The PubMed, ISI (all), and Scopus databases were searched for the selected keywords up to November 1, 2021, without date or language restrictions. In vitro studies comparing the bond strength of self-adhesive and self-etch or total-etch resin cement to zirconia were eligible for inclusion in the study. The selected articles were divided into four groups based on the type of resin cement and the storage time. Statistical analysis was performed using the Biostat Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software version 2 (α = 0.05). The effect of conventional cement ( Glass Ionomer (GI), Resin Modified Glass Ionomer (RMGI) and zinc phosphate) was analyzed using descriptive analysis. The initial search yielded 376 articles, of which 26 were selected after a methodological assessment. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. The results showed that the immediate or delay bond strength of the self-adhesive resin cement to zirconia has no significant difference with the bond strength of self-etch resin cement to zirconia. The immediate and delay bond strength of total-etch cement-zirconia was significantly lower than that of self-adhesive cement-zirconia (P = 0.00). A descriptive analysis of the selected articles showed that the bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement to zirconia was significantly higher than total-etch cement. The results of the meta-analysis showed that both self-adhesive and self-etch resin cement (if applied according to their manufacturer's instruction) are suitable for bonding to zirconia.