Modified Atmosphere Storage Research Articles

Retention of green colour of tomatoes marketed as a green vegetable at ambient conditions in Cambodia with modified atmosphere storage and fumigation with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP)

Retention of green colour of tomatoes marketed as a green vegetable at ambient conditions in Cambodia with modified atmosphere storage and fumigation with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP)

Influence of modified atmosphere treatment on post-harvest reactive oxygen metabolism of pomegranate peels

Modified atmosphere storage can regulate the reactive oxygen metabolism of fruits and vegetables, reduce the accumulation of hazardous free radicals, and mitigate the peroxidation degree of fruit membrane lipids. In this study, different gas matching ratios were adopted for the modified atmosphere treatment of pomegranate fruits. Up to 120 d of storage, compared with the control treatment, the H2O2 and malonaldehyde (MDA) contents in treatment 2 decreased by 8.88% and 18.28%, respectively, when the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX) in treatment 2 increased by 21.44%, 117.38% and 114.95%, the ascorbic acid (ASA) and glutathione (GSH) contents in treatment 2 also increased by 116.83% and 50%, these results showed that treatment 2 (6.0% O2, 6.0% CO2) could effectively regulate various indexes of the reactive oxygen metabolism of pomegranate peels, maintain the normal physiological actions of the fruits, and postpone the ripening and senescence of histocytes. Under treatment 4 (10.0% O2, 10.0% CO2), H2O2 contents in the pomegranate peel significantly increased, and the activities of SOD, CAT and APX significantly reduced. ASA and GSH were degraded, the MDA content abruptly increased, the membrane lipid peroxidation accelerated, and the cytomembrane structure was destroyed.

Effects of modified atmosphere vacuum cooling (MAVC) on the quality of three different leafy cabbages

A Chinese and Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) invention patented process defined as “modified atmosphere vacuum cooling (MAVC)” was developed in the current study. In traditional vacuum cooling (VC), air enters the vacuum chamber during pressure recovery stage at the end of the cooling process. In this study, instead of air, a gas mixture consisting of 7% O2, 7% CO2 and 86% N2 enters the chamber to achieve modified atmosphere storage. Three types of cabbages with different morphological structure, including flowering cabbage, Chinese cabbage and green cabbage were treated by MAVC and stored for 21 d under 4 ± 0.5 °C, relative humidity was controlled in the range of 90%–95%. The changes of color, sensory score, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, respiration rate, peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity were measured throughout the storage period. The results showed that MAVC achieved the maximum values of color, sensory score, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll and CAT, and reduced the rate of respiration and the activity of POD during storage. A comparative analysis on the three cabbages found that different leaf morphology characteristics were not the main factor affecting gas retention during MAVC, and the intercellular spaces of leaves might have greater impact on the maintaining the quality of the cabbages.

Pomegranate arils (‘Wonderful’) tolerance to low O2stress during active modified atmosphere storage: based on real time respiration rate

Pomegranate arils (‘Wonderful’) tolerance to low O₂stress during active modified atmosphere storage: based on real time respiration rate

Modified atmosphere storage (mas) buah pisang

Healthy life style based on natural food consumption, has been implemented by the society to increase health quality. Minimally processed technology is used to slow down food decay time in the storage room. Minimally processed techology is consist of Controlled Atmosphere Storage (CAS), Modified Atmosphere Storage (MAS), Freeze Driying, and blansir. MAS is food storage technology by conditioning the air composition (especially oxygen level). Banana is an object of MAS implementation, due to its all session fruit and shorter life time. Previous MAS studies used long bean as the object and managed to improve the life time until 15 days.The purpose of this study is to implement MAS to lengthen banana life time. MAS design use Ulrich Eppinger method. Simulation of Turbulance Kinetic Energy (TKE) in the sparger and MAS installation use ANSYS 16.2. The experimental to test sparger and installation is conducted for 6 hours for the sparger and 24 hours for the installation. Afterward the correlation between parameter is calculated by using least square method. The outcome of this research is MAS for banana in order to be used by SME with capacity of 4.77 m3, mixture time is 24 hours, TKE number in the sparger is 582.6448 J/kg, TKE number in the installation is 715.6 J/kg, oxygen level in the sparger is 5.7%, oxygen level in MAS installation is 8.5%, glucose of banana located in the storage room is 9.5%, and banana life time able to achiave 14 days.

Effect of modified atmosphere storage on the extending shelf life of ‘Nam Dok Mai Sri Tong’ mango fruits

Effect of modified atmosphere storage on the extending shelf life of ‘Nam Dok Mai Sri Tong’ mango fruits

McWRI1, a transcription factor of the AP2/SHEN family, regulates the biosynthesis of the cuticular waxes on the apple fruit surface under low temperature.

Cuticular waxes of plant and organ surfaces play an important role in protecting plants from biotic and abiotic stress and extending the freshness, storage time and shelf life in the post-harvest agricultural products. WRI1, a transcription factor of AP2/SHEN families, had been found to trigger the related genes taking part in the biosynthesis of seed oil in many plants. But whether WRI1 is involved in the biosynthesis of the cuticular waxes on the Malus fruits surface has been unclear. We investigated the changes of wax composition and structure, the related genes and WRI1 expression on Malus asiatica Nakai and sieversii fruits with the low temperature treatments, found that low temperature induced the up-regulated expression of McWRI1, which promoted gene expression of McKCS, McLACs and McWAX in very-long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, resulting in the accumulation of alkanes component and alteration of wax structure on the fruit surface. Corresponding results were verified in McWRI1 silenced by VIGS, and WRI1 silenced down-regulated the related genes on two kinds of fruits, it caused the diversity alteration in content of some alkanes, fatty acid and ester component in two kinds of fruits. We further conducted Y1H assay to find that McWRI1 transcription factor activated the promoter of McKCS, McLAC and McWAX to regulate their expression. These results demonstrated that McWRI1 is involved in regulating the genes related synthesis of very long chain fatty acid on surface of apple fruits in storage process, providing a highlight for improvement of the modified atmosphere storage of apple fruits.

Effect of CaCl2 and controlled atmosphere storage on phytochemical attributes of Guava

Abstract Guava is very delicate and alluring fruit which is being ignored since very long time despite of highly nutritious fruit and rich source of Vitamin C. It contains Vitamin C 2-3 times more than orange. Naturally the guava fruit is enriched with vitamin C and polyphenoles. Guavas fruits after harvesting were dunked in solutions of CaCl2 (1, 2 and 3%) at room temperature for 5 minutes and stored for 24 days in 5% CO2 level at temperature of 10±1°C, while the humidity level of storage chamber were 80%. The stored fruits were analyzed at 6 days of interval for sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose g/100g) total phenolic contents (mgGAE/100g), antioxidant activity (µmolTE/g), and organic acids (citric, tartaric, ascorbic, and malic acids mg/100 g). The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of guava fruits were declined during progression in storage but in fewer amounts as compared to room storage condition. Citric acid and ascorbic acid contents were reduced with the progression in storage, however tartaric and malic acid values were amplified at end of storage but the rate of changes were slower. The pretreatments in combination with modified atmosphere storage escalate the shelf life of guava and slow down nutritional degradation process.

산소투과도를 달리한 MA 필름으로 포장한 딸기 ‘매향’의 모의 수출 조건에서 품질 고찰

This study was conducted to determine types of oxygen transmission rate (OTR) films suitable for modified atmosphere (MA) storage treatment of strawberries (cv. ‘Maehyang’) for export and examination related changes in quality of strawberries during simulated shipping distribution conditions (2oC for 10 days~8oC for 11 days). Strawberries were packed by 1,300, 10,000, 20,000, and 30,000 cc/m2·day·atm OTR films for MA storage treatment and perforated film as the control for MAP. Fresh weight loss rate was less than 0.5% in OTR films except for the perforated film. Carbon dioxide and oxygen content in packages prevailed in permissible range for strawberries under recommended CA/MA conditions (i.e., CO2: 15~20%, O2: 5~10%) at 10,000 cc, 20,000 cc, and 30,000 cc OTR films. Ethylene content in OTR films did not reveal significant differences during storage. The 1,300 cc OTR film revealed highest off-flavor and lowest fungal incidence rate by sensory evaluation. The firmness, soluble solids, and visual quality were preserved the highest at 10,000 cc OTR film. In conclusion, 10,000 cc OTR film preserved the highest quality and extended shelf-life by 13 days if compared with conventional distribution conditions.

Different Oxygen Transmission Rate Packing Films During Modified Atmosphere Storage: Effects on Asparagus Spear Quality

The aim of this study was to determine suitable oxygen transmission rate (OTR) films for modified atmosphere (MA) storage of asparagus spears (Asparagus officinalis L.), and to examine the related changes in asparagus spear quality. Asparagus spears were packed with 10,000, 20,000, 40,000, 70,000, and 100,000 cc/m2·day·atm OTR film treatments for MA storage, and perforated film (conventional storage) was used as the control. The fresh weight loss rate was less than 1% in all OTR film treatments but not in the control. In all OTR film treatments, ethylene content rapidly increased on the first day of storage, and gradually decreased thereafter to 2.0 μL·L-1 by the final storage day. In the 10,000 cc and 20,000 cc OTR film treatments, carbon dioxide content was maintained within the permissible range for asparagus spears under recommended controlled atmosphere (CA) and MA conditions (5-12%). The oxygen content was maintained between 12% and 20% in all OTR film treatments. Hue angles and total chlorophyll content were highest in the 10,000 cc OTR film treatment in both tips and stems. Visual quality was maintained at a saleable level only in the 10,000 cc OTR film treatment until the final storage day (25 days). Based on sensory evaluation, the least off-odor was detected in the 10,000 cc OTR film treatment, and the most in the control treatment. While the soluble solids content decreased with all film treatments, it was maintained at the highest level in the 10,000 cc OTR film treatment. Vitamin C content decreased with all film treatments during storage, but was maintained at higher levels in the 10,000, 20,000, and 40,000 cc OTR film treatments. The firmness of tips and stems increased with storage duration in all film treatments, stems were firmer under the perforated film, 10,000, and 20,000 cc OTR film treatments. Given these results, the 10,000 cc OTR film treatment is considered the most appropriate for MA asparagus spear storage since visual quality and soluble solids content were maintained, and fresh weight loss, vitamin C content, off-odor, and yellowing were suppressed during storage.

Evaluación de diferentes tratamientos físicos en pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.) verde y rojo mínimamente procesado


 
 
 Este trabajo compara tres estrategias de conservación complementarias a la refrigeración para pimiento mínimamente procesado en ambos estados de madurez. Frutos de pimiento verde y rojo se procesaron en bastones y se sometieron a los siguientes tratamientos: A) inmersión en agua (45 oC, 3 min) (TT), B) radiación UV-C (20 kJ m-2) (UV) o C) almacenamiento en atmósfera modificada (AM). Otro grupo de bastones fue dejado sin tratamiento como control. Los bastones se almacenaron a 5 oC durante 12 d. Se evaluaron el deterioro, la incidencia de podredumbre blanda y la tasa respiratoria de los bastones durante el almacenamiento. Los TT y UV lograron reducir el deterioro de los bastones verdes y rojos, y la tasa respiratoria a los 7 d del almacenamiento fue menor en los frutos tratados. Sin embargo, se encontró una respuesta dependiente del estado de madurez en el caso de las AM. Si bien los tres métodos fueron beneficiosos para mantener la calidad en frutos rojos, los mejores resultados se encontraron con los TT y UV, principalmente debido a que la AM tuvo menor control de la podredumbre blanda hacia el final del almacenamiento. 
 
 

QUALITY PRESERVATION OF ‘LAETITIA’ PLUMS IN ACTIVE MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE

ABSTRACT Recent studies have shown that passive modified atmosphere storage (MA) delays the ripening of ‘Laetitia’ plums but it increases the incidence of internal browning in comparison to cold storage (CS), possibly due to high CO2 and/or ethylene accumulation inside the package. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of active MA conditions [LDPE film (40 µm)] with CO2 absorber combined with low ethylene (LE) on ripening and quality preservation of ‘Laetitia’ plums during storage at 0.5ºC±0.1ºC and RH of 96%±2%. The treatments evaluated were cold storage (CS; 21.0 kPa O2 + <0.03 kPa CO2); nonperforated MA with CO2 absorber; non-perforated MA with CO2 absorber and LE; perforated MA (with two perforations with diameter = 0.5 mm) with CO2 absorber; and perforated MA with CO2 absorber and LE. The partial pressures of O2 + CO2 (kPa) were 1.2 + <0.1 and 2.8 + <0.1, in non-perforated and perforated MA, respectively. Active MA, mainly non-perforated package, with CO2 absorber and LE, delayed fruit ripening, but did not reduce the incidence of internal breakdown in ‘Laetitia’ plums cold stored for 60 days. Fruits in active MA, with perforated or non-perforated package, with CO2 absorber and LE, showed lower intensity of internal breakdown than CS.

Post-harvest Shelf Life Extension and Nutritional Profile of Thompson Seedless Table Grapes Under Calcium Chloride and Modified Atmospheric Storage

Grapes are the fruits with highest rate of phenolic substances among all other fruits and vegetables but due to its enhanced susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea, its postharvest losses are also very high. In a country like Pakistan that has lesser advancement in post-harvest technological skills, a significant segment of this delicate fruit is lost. This study was conducted with an aim to minimize these losses by retaining healthy and attractive nutritional profile. Freshly harvested grapes after being sorted and graded were divided in three lots, two lots were immersed in aqueous solutions of 1% and 2% calcium chloride followed by modified atmosphere storage at 5% CO2 level, and third lot was control sample that was simply dipped in tap water at ambient conditions, 80% relative humidity and 10 ± 1°C temperature was kept same for all three lots. After being analyzed at harvest, stored grapes were then analyzed for total polyphenols, firmness, acidity, total sugars, total soluble solids and total viable count at 4th, 8th and 12th days of storage respectively. Overall results designated that grapes pretreated with 2% CaCl2 stored at 5% CO2 level retained maximum firmness, acidity and phenolic substances with minimum increase in soluble solid contents and significantly reduced incidence of browning caused by gray mold as compared to water washed control sample that was spoiled at the 8th day of storage. Grapes were stored for 12 days and the effect of storage days on differently pretreated samples was analyzed.

Effect of modified atmosphere packaging and storage duration on keeping quality of gladiolus spikes

Gladiolus has elegant spikes with bright florets and good keeping quality. The storage of spikes duringproduction period will be beneficial for the farmers during low production period. Thus, the present study was planned to investigate the effect of long term modified atmosphere storage on gladiolus spikes. The spikes of gladiolus cv. Alexander the Great, harvested at tight bud stage, were treated with sucrose (20%) + aluminum sulphate (300 ppm) for 20 h followed by sealing in LDPE and PP sleeves (25 μm) with and without perforations and stored vertically at 3–4°C for 0, 6, 12 and 18 days. After storage, vase-life was evaluated. The basal florets opened in all sleeves after 18 days of storage. Increase in storage duration hastened the opening of basal florets, whereas packaging did not affect significantly. Vase-life, opening of florets (%), floret diameter and physiological weight declined with increase in storage duration.

Reducing grain storage losses in developing countries

We investigated the use of insecticide-treated material and modified atmosphere storage for reducing insect damage in stored maize. Results showed that insecticide-treated netting and insecticide-treated seed bags protected grain from insect damage, with the treated seed bags protecting grain for up to nine months if the grain was free from insects before storing. Covering the opening of grain storage containers with treated netting provided good control of stored-grain insects and may offer additional protection for grain silos being promoted in developing countries. Neither treated bags nor netting provided control if the grain contained insects before storage, thus emphasising the need to provide some means of controlling initial infestations at the time of storage when using bags or netting. We also showed that good control of insects can be achieved if the grain is stored in air-tight rigid containers that cannot be penetrated by insects or rodents. Hermetic plastic bags were readily penetrated by in...

Comprehensive evaluation of different storage conditions for the varietal screening of lettuce for fresh-cut performance

Cultivar selection is of great importance for the fresh-cut industry and new cultivars and breeding lines with low response to cutting are constantly required. However, there is no standardized protocol for lettuce breeding and processing companies to select those cultivars most appropriate for the specific requirements of fresh-cut. The objective of this study was the comparison of different storage conditions under which the varietal screening of lettuce cultivars for fresh-cut was carried out based on the development of browning and off-odors as the two main causes of quality loss. Additionally, as the lettuce breeding and processing companies needed quantitative objective parameters for the evaluation, correlations of subjective and objective parameters to browning and off-odors were established. Advantages and limitations of storage in air, controlled atmosphere (CA) and passive and active modified atmosphere (MA) were discussed. Even though the storage in active MA for 10–12 days (d) at 7°C generated a wide range of headspace gas atmospheres that varied between 0.2–3.2kPa O2 and 6–9kPa CO2, it was shown to be the best storage regime for the screening of cultivars based on off-odor development. The screening of cultivars based on browning was achieved after opening the bags and exposure for 24h to air. Results obtained under storage conditions in active MA plus 24h in air showed a significant correlation with those data obtained under passive MA (P<0.001). The relationship between objective and subjective measurements such as ethanol for off-odors and a* and Hue angle for color was demonstrated. This evaluation methodology provides a more systematic analysis of individual genotypes and interrelated preharvest factors such as genotype-to-environment interaction to establish a deeper understanding of the relationship among variables affecting quality of fresh-cut products.

Modified atmosphere storage technique for the management of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis in Horse gram

The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of modified atmosphere with elevated levels of CO2 against pulse beetle, C. chinensis in stored horse gram. Seeds were artificially infested with C. chinensis and exposed to CO2 (30%, 40% and 50 %) and packed in air tight containers. Concentrations of 40% and 50% CO2 not only checked seed infestation but also checked the progeny production of pulse beetle and reduced the weight loss of seed compared to normal atmosphere. Storage of horse gram seeds in CO2 rich atmosphere also maintained seed quality without any detrimental effect on germination and seedling vigor up to six months of storage.

Effect of postharvest practices on the culturable filamentous fungi and yeast microbiota associated with the pear carpoplane

Information regarding the filamentous fungi and yeast microbiota on pear surfaces is limited when compared to other fruits such as grapes and apples. The effect of commercial postharvest practices on pear fruit surface microbiota and species composition is not known, particularly in terms of the presence of postharvest pathogens and potential biocontrol microorganisms. Pear fruit were collected at harvest in the orchards of four commercial farms, after harvest at a communal pack house following chlorine drenching and after modified atmosphere storage. Microbiological analysis showed that during season one the fungal populations on pears from the four farms were significantly lower after CA storage when compared to populations of orchard pears, however during season two, the opposite trend was observed. The yeast populations were either significantly higher or similar after CA storage compared to the orchard pear counts during both seasons. Commercial drenching led to either an increase or reduction in the filamentous fungi and yeast populations, however a definite trend could not be observed. The postharvest practices decreased the number of viable morphologically different yeast and filamentous fungal species. A total of 16 yeast and 24 filamentous fungal species were isolated. A 76% dominance of Ascomycetes was observed. Known postharvest pathogens Penicilium commune and Penicillium crysogenum were present after CA storage. Potential known biocontrol organisms included Aureobasidium pullulans, Cryptococcus sp. and Sporobolomyces roseus. Knowledge generated could contribute to development of commodity-specific supply-chain management systems and biocontrol strategies based on scientific data to reduce pear fruit losses and for quality control purposes.

Pre and Post-harvest Practices, Processing and Value Addition of Custard Apple

Custard apple is a delicious and commercially important fruit with pleasant flavor, mild aroma, sweet taste, good nutritional and medicinal values. However, the pre-harvest, post-harvest and processing and value addition practices have not been sufficiently developed. The pre-harvest practices like mulching, irrigation nutrition supplement and bio-fertilizers application play an important role on the development and shelf-life of fruits. The fruit has a short self-life due to high respiration and ethylene production. The temperature, type of packaging and chemical application have effect on storage life, however very low temperature storage is not recommended due to chilling injury. The shelf-life of custard apple fruit can be enhanced upto 12 days in modified atmosphere storage at 10 degreesC, whereas pulp can be stored for six months with potassium meta-bisulphite. A number of value added products like ready-to-serve beverages, fermented beverage, ice cream, squash, and toffee can be prepared to exploit the nutritional potential and adding a new flavor/taste in the market. This review attempts to outline some of the important findings on pre-harvest practices, post-harvest, processing value addition and storage of this fruits.

Changes in volatile organic compounds from wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia L.) during modified atmosphere storage

Wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia L.) is packaged under modified atmosphere (MA) to maintain quality after harvest. Evaluation of the quality of packaged produce is complex because only visual quality can be accessed through the packaging film. A method for volatile analysis that allowed for multiple sampling without affecting the fresh produce was applied to wild rocket stored for 14 days at 5°C and 10°C in closed glass jars to resemble MA packaging of fresh produce. Changes in the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were monitored during storage using solid-phase microextraction. The gas concentration was continuously monitored with non-invasive sensors, and from these data, the respiration rate, cumulative respiration, respiratory quotient (RQ), and the low O2 limit (LOL) was determined. The LOL of wild rocket was 2.1kPa O2. Below this level the RQ increased and above this level the RQ was unaffected. Most VOCs were released from wild rocket during storage under restricted conditions (O2 <2.1kPa); a total of 23 compounds were monitored representing eight sulfur compounds, five esters, four alkanes, two alcohols, two furans, one ketone, and one nitrogen-containing compound. The change in the RQ resembled those changes observed for carbonyl sulfide, methanol, methanethiol, ethanol, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, methyl isothiocyanate, methyl 3-methylbutanoate, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, and dimethyl trisulfide. A different relationship was observed for acetone, carbon disulfide, dimethyl sulfide, nitromethane, pentane, 3-methylfuran, ethyl acetate, hexane, 2-ethylfuran, dimethyl disulfide, heptane, dimethyl sulfoxide, and octane. Acetone, carbon disulfide, dimethyl sulfide, nitromethane, pentane, 3-methylfuran, 2-ethylfuran, and dimethyl disulfide were released in high amounts (>0.1ngg−1 fresh weight) during prolonged storage under moderate O2 conditions (O2 ≥2.1kPa). Under these conditions, carbon disulfide, nitromethane, and 2-ethylfuran were linearly related to cumulative respiration. Large variations were observed between replicate samples for dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, pentane, and acetone, although the leaves were sampled carefully at experimental start to reduce the biological variation. The results show that the VOC profile of wild rocket change in response to gas composition, temperature and storage time.