Modification Scheme Research Articles

Predicting the Key Properties of a Modified Product to Pre-Select a Pluronic F127 Modification Scheme for Preparing High-Quality Nano-Micelles

Hydrophobic modification alters the properties of Pluronic F127 to form micelles more efficiently and enhances its drug-loading capacity. However, selecting the appropriate hydrophobic group for modification is laborious. In this paper, we propose an efficient approach for predicting key parameters to select hydrophobic groups for F127 modification prior to synthesis, in order to improve the formability and stability of the micelles. The results of nuclear magnetic resonance and isothermal titration calorimetry were utilized to establish a function for predicting the hydrophile–lipophile balance, critical micelle concentration, and Gibbs free energy of the products based on the structure of raw material. These predicted values can assist us in selecting suitable hydrophobic groups for F127 modification. Subsequently, we successfully tested our method and validated our work using pharmaceutical evaluation methods, such as appearance observation, particle size measurement, drug loading determination, equilibrium binding rate assessment, storage stability testing, and the plotting of accumulation release curves. Therefore, we suggest that our work could provide a model linking the molecular structure to properties, with the purpose of pre-selecting modification products that have advantages in micelle preparation. This can facilitate the application of F127 in preparing nano-micelles.

Synergistic effect of tannic acid/stearic acid/calcium carbonate/recycled polypropylene polymer composites and molecular dynamics simulation study

AbstractDeveloping high‐toughness recycled polypropylene (REPP) composites using non‐polluting and cost‐effective methods remains a major challenge. In this study, we propose a novel modification scheme using tannic acid (TA)/stearic acid (SA) synergistically modified CC as a filler to prepare composites by blending with REPP. Characterizations, such as mechanical tests and thermodynamic tests, verified that the CC‐TA‐SA modified composites presented higher tensile and impact strengths as well as crystallinity. The tensile strength of the composites was increased from 27.44 to 30.53 MPa and similarly the impact strength was increased from 10.63 to 24.81 MPa. The thermal stability and melt fluidity of the modified composites also improved. This phenomenon is further investigated through the use of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. This research expands the promise of REPP composites for industrial applications with stringent toughness requirements.Highlights Tannic/stearic acids modulate the surface properties of calcium carbonate. Polymer composite reinforced with synergistically modified calcium carbonate. Molecular dynamics simulations to predict composite properties.

Peptide Antigen Modifications Influence the On-Target and Off-Target Antibody Response for an Influenza Subunit Vaccine.

Peptide amphiphile micelles (PAMs) are an exciting nanotechnology currently being studied for a variety of biomedical applications, especially for drug delivery. Specifically, PAMs can enhance in vivo trafficking, cell-targeting, and cell interactions/internalization. However, modifying peptides, as is commonly performed to induce micellization, can influence their bioactivity. In our previous work, murine antibody responses to PAMs containing the influenza antigen M22-16 were slightly incongruous with prior PAM vaccine studies using other antigens. In this current work, the effect of native protein linkages and non-native micellizing moieties on M2 immunogenicity was studied. PAMs were synthesized using an elongated M2 antigen (i.e., Palm2K-M21-24-(KE)4). The PAMs were characterized, then their immunogenicity was evaluated with bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and in mice. Although the modification scheme yielded immunogenic PAMs, these PAMs induced a substantial amount of off-target antibody production compared to unmodified peptidyl micelles (PMs, M21-24 peptide). While the impact PAM-induced off-target antibodies had on vaccine efficacy remains to be elucidated, on-target antibodies from both PAM- and PM-vaccinated mice were excitingly able to recognize the M2 antigen within the context of the full M2 protein. This provides preliminary evidence that the PAM-induced on-target antibodies will at minimum be able to recognize the influenza virus upon exposure.

Development trend of cathode materials commonly used in lithium batteries

With the profound scientific and economic advances, people’s demand for electronic products is increasing daily. Lithium-ion batteries are broadly applied due to their significant advantages in weight, volume, and lifespan. The anode of a lithium-ion battery is the main component in the electronic reaction of lithium ions. The materials currently used for the anode of lithium-ion batteries are mainly LiFePO4, ternary lithium batteries, and LiMnO2. Sometimes lithium titanate and LiCoO2 are also used. Different anode materials share their benefits and drawbacks regarding various aspects such as energy density, cost, cycle life, safety, and environmental effects. Material modification or surface coating of the positive electrode of lithium-ion batteries is currently a popular solution, which also has a significant influence on changing the market share of different positive electrode lithium-ion materials. At last, this paper discusses the modification schemes for different types of lithium-ion batteries in the future by reviewing the literature.

Study on road performance of asphalt mixture based on surface modification of coal gangue

In order to solve the problem of coal gangue environmental pollution and the shortage of aggregate resources in road engineering, this paper studies the feasibility of using waste coal gangue as coarse aggregate of asphalt mixture. Through the physical and mechanical properties test, the difference between coal gangue and natural aggregate was compared and analyzed. The surface modification and strengthening treatment of coal gangue aggregate was carried out by using methyl sodium silicate solution, and the best modification scheme was determined. The influence of different content and surface modification on the road performance of coal gangue asphalt mixture was studied by laboratory test. With the help of scanning electron microscope test, the change characteristics of the microstructure of coal gangue asphalt mixture before and after surface modification were explored. The results show that although the indexes of coal gangue are inferior to those of natural aggregate, it can be used to prepare asphalt mixture within the scope of specification requirements. The modification effect of sodium methyl silicate solution with modification time of 6h is the best, which can significantly improve the water absorption, density and crushing value of coal gangue. When the content of coal gangue is controlled within 30%, the performance of asphalt mixture meets the requirements of the specification, and the amount of coal gangue in asphalt mixture can be increased after surface modification. After surface modification, the surface pores and cracks of coal gangue asphalt mixture are reduced, and the surface micro-damage under high temperature immersion and freeze-thaw cycle conditions is improved.

Study on the slurry ability of low-rank coal blended with alkali-modified sludge

In this study, alkali-modified municipal sludge (AS) was mixed with low-rank coal to prepare AS-coal water slurry (ASCWS). The influence of AS on the slurrying performance of coal water slurry (CWS) was investigated, and the slurrying mechanism of municipal sludge-CWS (SCWS) was elucidated. Research on the alkali modification of municipal sludge showed that the effectiveness of the modifiers was in the order Ca(OH)2 > NaOH > KOH > K2CO3. Considering the apparent viscosity of the slurry as the evaluation criterion, the optimal alkali modification scheme was determined through the response surface optimization test, and 19.99 % Ca(OH)2 was suitable to modify the sludge for 14.61 h Compared with the unmodified sludge, the content of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of AS was reduced, and the flocculent structure was disrupted, which helped improve the slurry formation performance of the SCWS. Blending the sludge with the CWS enhanced the stability of the slurry, and the water separation rates for the SCWS and ASCWS decreased from 18.62 % to 5.00 % and 5.26 %, respectively. The mechanism study showed that the zeta potential values of SCWS and ASCWS decreased from −10.67 mV to –32.23 mV and −39.22 mV, respectively. The increased electronegativity of the slurry owing to the addition of sludge facilitated particle dispersion and enhanced slurry stability. The adsorption patterns of sodium poly[(naphthaleneformaldehyde)sulfonate] (MF) on coal, sludge, and modified sludge were consistent with the Langmuir adsorption model. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model accurately described the adsorption process of MF on coal, sludge, and modified sludge.

Bursting oscillations with multiple crossing bifurcations in a piecewise-smooth system

This paper aims to investigate the non-smooth bifurcations and to uncover the underlying dynamics that lead to bursting patterns within a two-scale piecewise-smooth system. The system is established by applying a modification scheme to a fourth-order Chua’s circuit, with a periodic external excitation current acting as the slow state variable. Several smooth as well as non-smooth bifurcations are discovered within the fast subsystem by utilizing theoretical and numerical methods. Two special non-smooth bifurcations have been discussed. The first is the multiple crossing bifurcation involving the boundary equilibrium, which exhibits the behavior of both the turning point and Hopf bifurcation. The second arises from an encounter between a saddle-focus and the trajectory of a non-smooth chaotic solution, which can result in the vanishing or appearance of a non-smooth chaotic attractor. Four typical bursting patterns associated with these two non-smooth bifurcations in the established slow–fast system are observed, and the mechanisms behind them are revealed based on bifurcation analysis.

Enhancing the high temperature resistance of nanocomposite materials through dimethyl methyl phosphate impregnation‐coating treatment

AbstractIn order to enhance the thermal stability of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a modification scheme involving a dimethyl methyl phosphate (DMMP) impregnation‐coating treatment was adopted in this article. Initially, the interfacial compatibility of DMMP with PVA was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Subsequently, the pyrolysis and combustion properties of DMMP‐coated PVA were evaluated via non‐isothermal thermogravimetric experiments and cone calorimeter tests. The pyrolysis products were then analyzed using a combination of thermogravimetric infrared chromatography and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py‐GC/MS). Finally, a reaction model function closer to the actual co‐pyrolysis mechanism at high temperatures was established through thermal kinetics. The results indicated that the impregnation‐coating treatment could effectively distribute the DMMP molecules on the surfaces of PVA particles. Meanwhile, the DMMP coating could clearly slow the peak degradation rate of PVA grains and inhibit the combustion of PVA under fire conditions. Furthermore, the pyrolysis of DMMP‐coated PVA resulted in the formation of over 40 distinct compounds. The kinetic analysis revealed that the reaction model function established in this article could better characterize the actual reaction mechanism of the co‐pyrolysis of DMMP and PVA.

Preparation of Br-terminated Si(100) and Si(111) surfaces and their use as atomic layer deposition resists

In area-selective processes, such as area-selective atomic layer deposition (AS-ALD), there is renewed interest in designing surface modification schemes allowing to tune the reactivity of the nongrowth (NG) substrates. Many efforts are directed toward small molecule inhibitors or atomic layers, which would modify selected surfaces to delay nucleation and provide NG properties in the target AS-ALD processes allowing for the manufacturing of smaller sized features than those produced with alternative approaches. Bromine termination of silicon surfaces, specifically Si(100) and Si(111), is evaluated as a potential pathway to design NG substrates for the deposition of metal oxides, and TiO2 (from cycles of sequential exposures of tetrakis-dimethylamido-titanium and water) is tested as a prototypical deposition material. Nucleation delays on the surfaces produced are comparable to those on H-terminated silicon that is commonly used as an NG substrate. However, the silicon surfaces produced by bromination are more stable, and even oxidation does not change their chemical reactivity substantially. Once the NG surface is eventually overgrown after a large number of ALD cycles, bromine remains at the interface between silicon and TiO2. The NG behavior of different crystal faces of silicon appears to be similar, albeit not identical, despite different arrangements and coverage of bromine atoms.

Preparation of Consolidated Dust Suppression Materials Based on Pectin: Graft Modification Experiment and Reaction Mechanism.

The natural material pectin was used as the matrix to prepare a dust suppressant. The regression model in response to the grafting ratio was established, and the optimum modification scheme was determined. The amount of monomer, initiator, cross-linking agent, and reaction temperature was 3.20 g, 0.20 g, and 0.15 g and 92 °C, respectively. Through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy tests, not only the formation of the product in graft copolymerization reaction was validated but also the wettability of pectin was significantly improved. The surface morphology of pectin before and after modification was observed by a scanning electron microscope. After graft copolymerization treatment, the surface of pectin presented a dense grid structure, which proved that the pectin-modified dust suppressant can play a crucial role in wetting and condensing coal dust. Contact angle tests were used to characterize the effect of pectin modification on the wettability of bituminous coal before and after modification. The results of contact angle tests showed that when the droplets just contacted the bituminous coal flakes, the contact angle of modified pectin droplets on the flakes was the smallest, and the value was 55.21°. Compared with pure water droplets and unmodified pectin droplets, it decreased by 21.66° and 18.50°. The modification reaction process and dust suppression mechanism were explained at the molecular level.

Study on spinnability, thermal stability and microstructure of modified isotropic pitch by adding polyacrylonitrile melt blending

Asphalt samples modified by melting isotropic asphalt with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) are obtainable. Investigations were conducted on the spinnability, microstructure, and thermal stability of the modified asphalt. The results demonstrate that pan40w modified asphalt possesses the highest spinnability stability. Additionally, there is a reduction in viscosity within the smooth range, a slight increase in the flow point, and an enhancement in spinnability. Compared to other modified asphalt samples, PT403 containing 0.3 % PAN exhibited the highest comprehensive performance, characterized by a molecular weight of 400,000, enhanced spinnability, a larger and more uniform microcrystal size, and improved thermal stability. This study employs a distinctive modification scheme and provides a cogent explanation of the corresponding mechanisms, potentially contributing to the advancement of producing cost-effective pitch-based carbon fibers from petroleum by-products.

Ball milling nano-sized biochar: bibliometrics, preparation, and environmental application.

Nano-sized biochar, which is a small structure prepared from biochar by grinding, has surpassed traditional biochar in performance, showing enhanced effects and potential for a wide range of environmental applications. Firstly, this paper visualizes and analyzes the literature in this field by CiteSpace to clarify the development trend of nano-sized biochar. The review intuitively shows the most influential countries, the most productive institutions, and the most concerned hot spots in the field of nano-sized biochar. Secondly, these hotspots in environment management are summarized by keywords and clustering: (1) The application of ball milling is a modification scheme that researchers have paid attention to, and it is also a key method for preparing biochar nanomaterials. It has a more dispersed structure and can support more modified materials. (2) Nano-sized biochar in the comprehensive utilization of water, soil, and plants was discussed and is a small range of application modification methods. (3) The bidirectional effects of nano-sized biochar on plants were analyzed, and the challenges in its application were listed. Finally, the economic management of nano-sized biochar and the relationship between microorganisms are the focus of the next research.

3DSAM-adapter: Holistic adaptation of SAM from 2D to 3D for promptable tumor segmentation

Despite that the segment anything model (SAM) achieved impressive results on general-purpose semantic segmentation with strong generalization ability on daily images, its demonstrated performance on medical image segmentation is less precise and unstable, especially when dealing with tumor segmentation tasks that involve objects of small sizes, irregular shapes, and low contrast. Notably, the original SAM architecture is designed for 2D natural images and, therefore would not be able to extract the 3D spatial information from volumetric medical data effectively. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptation method for transferring SAM from 2D to 3D for promptable medical image segmentation. Through a holistically designed scheme for architecture modification, we transfer the SAM to support volumetric inputs while retaining the majority of its pre-trained parameters for reuse. The fine-tuning process is conducted in a parameter-efficient manner, wherein most of the pre-trained parameters remain frozen, and only a few lightweight spatial adapters are introduced and tuned. Regardless of the domain gap between natural and medical data and the disparity in the spatial arrangement between 2D and 3D, the transformer trained on natural images can effectively capture the spatial patterns present in volumetric medical images with only lightweight adaptations. We conduct experiments on four open-source tumor segmentation datasets, and with a single click prompt, our model can outperform domain state-of-the-art medical image segmentation models and interactive segmentation models. We also compared our adaptation method with existing popular adapters and observed significant performance improvement on most datasets. Our code and models are available at: https://github.com/med-air/3DSAM-adapter

Effects of physical property dynamic change on heat transfer characteristics of coal seam during in-situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coal

Tar-rich coal has the features of high tar yield and great potential for oil production. The underground in-situ pyrolysis technology is an effective way to accomplish the green and efficient utilization of tar-rich coal resources. The pore structures of coal seam have great change in the actual in-situ pyrolysis process. Hence, the physical properties of coal seam also vary with pyrolysis temperature, which affects the heat transfer performance of coal seam. However, previous studies on heat transfer characteristics of coal seam have been seldom paid attention to the physical property dynamic change during the in-situ pyrolysis, which possibly causes deviation between the simulated heat transfer characteristics and the actual performance. It is still unclear whether the deviation is acceptable in practical engineering practice at present. In this article, a modification scheme for the physical property dynamic change of coal seam was proposed. The effects of physical property dynamic change on heat transfer characteristics of coal seam during in-situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coal were analyzed using numerical simulation approach. In addition to single factor correction, the effects of three-factor coupling modification on heat transfer performance of coal seam were also systematically investigated. The simulation results indicated that both the average temperature and the effective heating area of the coal seam increased after the specific heat capacity was corrected individually. Whereas, the heat transfer of coal seam was weakened after the endothermic effect of pyrolysis and the thermal conductivity coefficient were modified, respectively. When the three factors were coupled for correction in the single well and single fracture mode, the correction factor that played a leading role was the thermal conductivity coefficient, accounting for 90%. However, an increase in the number of cracks enhanced the heat transfer, resulting in the specific heat capacity was dominant among the three correction factors. The present study can offer theoretical guidance and technical support for realizing large-scale in-situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coal.

Tribological Properties of PEEK and Its Composite Material under Oil Lubrication

PEEK (Poly Ether Ether Ketone) is a high-performance thermoplastic polymer with excellent mechanical, thermal and chemical stability. PEEK has good performance, and is widely used in hydraulic motors. However, there are few studies on the friction and wear properties of materials under the condition of oil lubrication with wide application. The modification of PEEK and the expansion of its application have become a hot research topic in the industry. This study focuses on the modification of the design of PEEK and explores the friction and wear characteristics of self-lubricating materials under different modification schemes. Friction and wear samples were prepared using PEEK-modification pelletizing and injection-molding processes, followed by fixed-condition friction and wear tests. The tribological mechanisms and wear properties of the materials under different modification schemes were analyzed, leading to the identification of several sets of improved reinforced materials. Experimental results demonstrate that modified materials can enhance surface tribological performance, with the best modification effect observed at an SCF filling rate of 15%. The modified PEEK material can better meet the requirements of specific applications, such as high-temperature environments, chemically aggressive environments, or applications requiring high strength and wear resistance.

Support vector machine-based optimisation of traction gear modifications for multiple-condition electric multiple unit

The traction gear train is subjected to various internal excitations under different traction conditions, such as stiffness excitation, error excitation, meshing shock excitation, and tooth side clearance. The optimal modification scheme is different for each state, and the optimal modification plan based on a single working condition may not be applicable to every working condition. In this paper, we investigate the vibration response characteristics of electric multiple unit gearing under multiple conditions and propose a multi-condition modification scheme. Under different traction conditions, the mapping between gear modification parameters and vibration acceleration in gear transmissions is investigated using support vector machines. Genetic algorithms are used to solve the gear-modifying parameters to minimise the maximum vibration acceleration. A weight assignment principle is proposed to calculate the electric multiple unit traction gear transmission under different conditions, with the operating time and the amount of vibration in each condition as the measurement index. The results of the simulation show that the vibration acceleration under continuous conditions is reduced by 3.55 m/s2, a decrease of 69.88%; the vibration acceleration under high-speed conditions is reduced by 3.301 m/s2, a reduction of 58.74%, and the results show that the overall index of the electric multiple unit traction gear transmission system under different conditions has been improved after the optimisation of the multi-conditions modification, the gear transmission system's vibration is significantly reduced.

Preparation and characterization of hydrophobically-modified sodium alginate derivatives as carriers for fucoxanthin

Micelles are nano-architectured structures capable of encapsulating hydrophobic substances in aqueous solutions, thereby improving their stability, solubility, and bioavailability to control the release of bioactive compounds. In this study, the sodium alginate backbone was modified via a hydrophobic modification scheme where octyl chains were covalently attached to the alginate chains via esterification reactions. Fourier-transformed infrared spectrometry (FTIR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the structure of the sodium alginate derivatives of varying molar mass (ALG-C8). Fluorescence spectroscopy, surface tension measurements, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were employed to assess the self-assembly performance of ALG-C8. The three methods produced consistent results, indicating that self-assembly decreased with higher molar mass. The self-assembled ALG-C8 micelles were utilized to encapsulate fucoxanthin. The loading capacity (LC) and encapsulation efficiency (EE) were determined using UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The molar mass of ALG-C8 has a key influence on fucoxanthin loading and release behavior. The ALG-C8 molecules with the lowest molar mass produced micelles with the smallest hydration diameter, resulting in the highest LC and EE. Furthermore, the release of fucoxanthin is significantly influenced by the pH and ionic strength of the medium. ALG-C8 micellar-like aggregates exhibit resistance to low pH and high ionic strength environments, releasing encapsulated material at the target site under alkaline conditions. Therefore, synthesized ALG-C8 is a potential candidate for preparing pH-responsive self-assembled micellar-like aggregates, enabling targeted delivery and gradual release of hydrophobic functional food components.

A theoretical model considering the photochemical and photothermal behavior of arc radiation-induced gassing materials ablation

In this study, we introduce a theoretical model designed to explore both the photochemical and photothermal behavior of arc plasma radiation-induced ablation in gassing materials. We employ time-dependent density functional theory to analyze the photochemical behavior, while reactive force field molecular dynamics are used to explore the photothermal behavior. The phenomena, behavior and consequences of valence shell electronic excitation are analyzed in terms of ultraviolet (UV) absorption, electron-hole distribution, and Mayer bond order. Based on the photochemical findings, we apply a periodic electric field that corresponds to the vibration frequency of the permanent dipole moment to simulate infrared radiation, and convert UV photon energy into atomic kinetic energy to analyze UV radiation. This atomic-scale insight into photothermal behavior enables us to identify the final composition of ablation gases, including H2, CO, H2O, NH3, as well as specific cyanides, amines, and hydrocarbons. The results of the theoretical model and physical properties indicate that the concentration of hydrogen-containing gases in the ablation gas significantly affects the arc extinguishing capabilities of different polymers. Finally, we propose modification schemes suitable for polymers in power circuit breakers, considering UV absorption and smoke black production. Additionally, we present the potential application of theoretical models for calculating the ablation rate, necessitating further in-depth re-search.

Machine learning-based study on the mechanical properties and embankment settlement prediction model of nickel–iron slag modified soil

Nickel–iron slag, a byproduct of industrial processes in China with an annual production exceeding 400,000 tons, is considered an industrial waste material. This study focuses on the rational utilization of nickel–iron slag by investigating its mechanical properties and road performance as a roadbed fill material. Initially, a detailed analysis of the grading curve of pure nickel–iron slag was conducted, leading to the proposal of various modification schemes for nickel–iron slag. Subsequently, static triaxial tests were performed on nickel–iron slag-clay mixtures to explore the impact of different factors on the stress–strain curve of nickel–iron slag-modified soil. Utilizing these discoveries, a formula for the molar Coulomb shear strength of nickel–iron slag-modified soil was derived. In addition, a numerical simulation study of a nickel–iron slag-reinforced embankment was conducted, integrating field tests. This aimed to investigate the variations in the compression layer sedimentation-thickness ratio and settlement factor of nickel–iron slag-modified soil reinforced embankment under different filling heights and slope rates. The results informed the development of a prediction model for the settlement ratio of nickel–iron slag-modified soil-reinforced embankment. Key findings indicate that pure nickel–iron slag exhibits poorly graded gravel sand characteristics, and optimal gradation is achieved when clay doping ranges from 30% to 40%. As the clay content increases, the stress–strain curve of nickel–iron slag-clay transitions from strain-hardening to strain-softening. Furthermore, the stress–strain curve of nickel–iron slag-cement-clay exhibits strain-softening, and the shear strength fitting formula demonstrates high computational accuracy with a small error range. Numerical simulations reveal that the sink-thickness ratio and settlement factor are minimally affected by the slope rate. The sink-thickness ratio increases with the elevation of filling height, while the settlement factor fluctuates within a small range. The proposed sink-thickness ratio prediction model exhibits high accuracy and strong generalization capabilities. This comprehensive study provides valuable insights into the efficient utilization of nickel–iron slag in construction and road engineering.

Effect of hydroxy-terminated hyperbranched polymer coated separator on the lithium-ion battery performances

Abstract The hydrophobicity of polyolefin separators causes poor compatibility with the internal environment of lithium-ion batteries and thus elevates lithium-ion migration barriers. In this research, hydroxy-terminated hyperbranched polymer (HTHP) coated separators are fabricated successfully based on the simple and easy-on impregnation method. Abundant hydroxyl groups in HTHP reinforce separator electrolyte affinity, generating the much lower contact angle and higher electrolyte uptake. Accordingly, HTHP-coated separators show broader electrochemical window and superior ionic conductivity and Li+ transport number, which facilitate the Li+ migration within porous pathways and hence maximally weaken counteranions-induced polarizations. The lower interfacial resistances also guarantee the Li+ accelerated diffusion via the separator–electrodes interfaces. Therefore, batteries containing modified separators exhibit optimized C-rate capacity and cycling stability. However, immoderate HTHP coating blocks partial pores and thus restricts Li+ transference, which deteriorates C-rate capacity and cycling durability in turn. This separator modification scheme possesses advantages of simple preparation, environment-friendly, and low manufacturing cost, providing practical guidance for low-cost and high-performance separator manufacture.