Modes Of Wall Movement Research Articles

Distribution of Lateral Earthquake Pressure on a Retaining Wall

An analytical method is developed for the distribution of the earth pressure against a retaining wall caused by an earthquake loading for any mode of wall movement, based on Dubrova’s model of redistribution of pressure. Dubrova’s method for static loading is extended for earthquake loading. Rotation of the failing retaining wall about any point is considered. For such case of failure mode, the slope of the failure line is determined, together with the point of application of the total force, which is useful for design purposes. Moreover, the pressure distribution and the critical direction of the earthquake loading is computed. Several conclusions are reached for the failure mechanism which may assist in proper design of retaining walls. The results of this study are in fair agreement with experimental observations.

Lateral Earth Pressure Analysis using Relevant Soil Modulus

ABSTRACT The effect of soil modulus, mode of wall movement and base friction conditions, on lateral earth pressure distribution and pattern of failure development in the soil mass is brought out.

A Velocity Field for Some Passive Earth Pressure Problems

Synopsis A simple velocity field is developed for the passive earth pressure problem of the displacement of a rough plane wall into a mass of dry sand. Three modes of wall displacement are considered: wall rotation about the top, wall rotation about the toe and wall translation. The validity of the velocity field for the three cases is discussed. The pattern of the velocity field and the velocity boundary conditions enables predictions to be made of the strain fields associated with the three modes of wall movement and these predictions are compared with experimental observations. The velocity field also predicts the location and sequence of the rupture surfaces that occur in dense sand and leads to an understanding of the differences in the experimentally observed strain fields and wall stress distributions. This Paper follows on from an earlier paper (James and Bransby, 1970) in which the boundary stresses and the predicted principal stress directions in the mass were compared with measured boundary stresses and with measured strain increment directions. The present Paper makes direct comparison between predicted and measured strains for different modes of wall movement. Un simple champ de vitesse est créé pour le problème de la pression passive du sol dans le déplacement d'une paroi brute, dans une masse de sable sec. Trois modes de déplacement de paroi sont considérés: la rotation de la paroi sur la partie supérieure, la rotation du mur sur le pied et la translation. La validité du champ de vitesse dans les trois cas est discutée. Le modèle offert par le champ de vitesse et par les conditions de la zone limite de vitesse permet de faire des prédictions des champs de déformation dans les trois modes de mouvement de paroi et ces prédictions sont comparées à des observations expérimentales. Le champ de vitesse prédit également la position et la série des surfaces de rupture qui se produisent dans un sable dense et qui aboutissent à une compréhension des différences dans les champs déformation et dans les distributions de contrainte dans la paroi. Cet Exposé suit un article antérieur (James et Bransby, 1970) dans lequel les contraintes de zone limite et les directions prédites des contraintes principales dans la masse étaient comparées avec des contraintes mesurées de zones limites et avec des mesures des directions d'accroissement de déformation. Le présent Exposé fait une comparaison directe entre les déformations prédites et mesurées pour différents modes de mouvement de paroi.