Modes Of Representation Research Articles

Dynamic three-dimensional printing: The future of bronchoscopic simulation training?

High-fidelity models are required for technical mastery of bronchoscopic procedures in the fields of anaesthesia, intensive care, surgery and respiratory medicine. Our group has created a three-dimensional (3D) airway model prototype to emulate physiological and pathological movement. Developed from the concepts of our previously described 3D printed paediatric trachea for airway management training, this model produces movements created by injection of air or saline through a side Luer Lock port. The anaesthesia and intensive care applications of the model could include bronchoscopic navigation through narrow pathologies and simulated bleeding tumours. It also has the potential to be used to practice placement of a double-lumen tube and broncho-alveolar lavage among other procedures. For surgical training, the model has high tissue realism and allows for rigid bronchoscopy. The novel and high-fidelity 3D printed airway model with dynamic pathologies represents capability to provide both generic and patient-specific advancement for all modes of anatomical representation. The prototype illustrates the potential of combining the fields of industrial design with clinical anaesthesia.

The Valuable Plurality of the Citizen Sciences

Citizen science is a multilayered concept. Although it is generally understood as a form of public engagement with science and technology, it can take various forms, with widely different roles for citizens. Despite this vastness, a “contributory” strand of citizen science dominates the field, which formally limits citizens’ roles to those of data gatherers for professional scientists or experts. This has led critics to argue that citizen science is not as inclusive, socially transformative, or democratizing as its advocates claim, and to appeals by scholars, practitioners, and policymakers for more dialogue and deliberation in all stages of citizen science processes. In this piece, we share our reflections on these questions drawing on our experiences as participant observers in contributory citizen science projects in various parts of the world. Responding to the above critiques, we illustrate how such projects can have emancipatory potential in terms of impacting policy agendas, inciting behavioral change, and engaging hard-to-reach societal groups. We argue that the future of citizen science lies in pluralizing the citizen sciences by experimenting with various modes of democratic representation, participation, and deliberation.

Navigating Urban Spaces Through the Use of Interactive Visual Storytelling Methods

The city of Leeds is a large urban conglomerate in the North of England that embodies the aspects of contemporary development. The social and anthropological organisation of the city are the focus of our interactive visual research. In particular, we focus on the concept of 'borders,' their materiality, and their role within the urban context (Simmel 1997). Thus, Leeds and its social and anthropological issues will become our interactive visual research case study. In particular, the focus of this project will be on the concept of 'walls,' their materiality and their role within the urban context. The term 'walls' is often used to define a large variety of artefacts that create and embody some sort of boundaries. These artefacts often include fences, embankments, roads, and gated communities, structures that divide or enclose spaces. In a psychogeographical gesture, this interactive portrait of Leeds will help to reflect on the extent to which these artefacts could hamper or facilitate the movement of individuals through space. At the same time, this variety of 'walls/boundaries’ become territories themselves. Hence, this visual project aims to be a territorial study of urban barriers. At the same time, it considers the convergence of the cultural, the performative and the socio-political within the city's social fabric. The theoretical framework of our views may be placed within the anthropology of visual communication as conceived by Worth (1981), Ruby (1981, 2005), Canevacci (1997), and Pink (2013). Hence, we undertake an interpretative visual search that stresses communication dynamics and modes of visual representation. Leeds, with its spaces and borders, is narrated through interactive microhistories. This interactive audiovisual portrait highlights whether these artefacts could hamper or facilitate the movement of individuals through space.

Can a Kathakali (‘story-play’) hold a performance reading?

The reformulation of the world heritage, on the one hand, and the discontinuity of contemporary art on the other congregate at the agency of the performing subject. Yet, the partitioning of synchronicity and diachronicity concur at new cultural sites and conjunctions of ethos to allow discursive stylization, giving ample scope for studying acts of performance in contact. In this perspective, the Kathakali Nāṭyōtpatti (‘birth of theatre’), a new production recently presented at the Kalamandalam Kūttampalam traditional theatre of Kerala, makes performance strategies visible enough to gain insight into the super roles densely packed into the work of art. The article seeks the story maker in the position of the story teller, especially in this presentation on the origins of dance where a young generation of theatre artists are underway to find more or less new paths in understanding what they perform. Judging from the small attendance, a mix of teachers, dance students and members of the local audience who gathered at the opening night of a puttiyakatha (‘new Kathakali story’), some scratching their heads, others peeping into their notes on the play in search of points of reference in the story, a sense of unfamiliarity pervaded the atmosphere at the presentation of Nāṭyōtpatti (‘The Birth of a Theatre/Dance/Music’) in Kerala. To the native audience, a Kathakali performance bearing upon the Nāṭyaśāstra, the Indian holy book on theatre, dance, music and the theatre arts, could be as exotic as a Kathakali Shakespeare. Kathakali has long been associated with the epics and the Pūraṇas. Dealing with the birth of dance through the medium of dance might appear auto-referential. But that gave the theatrical event an overlay to its aesthetic expression. And yet turning to the śāstra to go back to the origins of theatre and dance, the Kathakali dance theatre exposes itself as a mode of representation, and warrants a reflection on its formative years and the ongoing process of transformation involved in its narrative and dramatic devices.

Present Pasts of Colonial Modernity: Embroideries by Lucie Kamuswekera

Present Pasts of Colonial Modernity: Embroideries by Lucie Kamuswekera

Telling Truth in Fiction: The Precarious Aesthetic of Valeria Luiselli’s Documentary Fiction Lost Children Archive

ABSTRACT Valeria Luiselli’s Lost Children Archive is a documentary fiction that innovatively explores the possibilities and limitations of the novel genre and engenders a precarious aesthetic through its unconventional narrative structure. Drawing on the theoretical framework of precarious texts, as advanced by eminent German cultural critic Sieglinde Lemke, this paper argues that Luiselli’s fiction, with its eclectic blend of intertextual references, avant-garde narrative strategies, and incorporation of archival materials, offers a richly nuanced and pluralistic representation of undocumented children at the US-Mexico border. By utilizing child focalization, magic realism, and unreliable narration, in conjunction with the assimilation of archival materials such as posters, reports, and photographs, the author reenacts the novel’s story with a second narrator to elicit a precarious gaze, empowering an alternative mode of understanding the complexity of the migration crisis. Rather than resorting to overt political messaging, Luiselli implores readers to engage with the novel’s structure and contemplate its representational modes, provoking a creative response that transcends feelings of pity and indignation. By subtly foregrounding the political impasse surrounding the uneven distribution of precariousness, the narrative creates a complex blend of fact and fiction to generate a reflexive understanding that can potentially challenge readers’ ethical and epistemological dispositions.

L’usage du référent chrétien dans le débat public contemporain en France: Essai de typologie

The use of the Christian referent in contemporary public debate in France raises the question of the imaginary to which societies have recourse in order to construct their memory and establish their foundation. The contents of these representations and mental configurations give meaning to collective coexistence and can evolve over time, under the effect of changes in social structures, mobilization strategies carried by elites, and the demands of public opinion. The situation in contemporary France illustrates these changes. Until the 1980s, the “civil religion” produced by the governmental elites in such a way as to consolidate the political bond did not match the “common religion” lived by the populations: Christianity, at least in its Catholic form, remained outside the official mode of representation of society. The situation has changed in recent decades. By a kind of paradox, while the Church sees its social audience regressing, Christianity becomes again central in the image that France intends to give of itself. In this article, we would like to describe, in a typological way, the forms of this newfound alliance, based on public discourse over the last forty years. An immediate examination of contemporary elaborations leads us to identify three essential figures - culturalist, foundationalist, deliberative - of the articulation of politics and religion, distinct from the rationalist paradigm of the Third Republic. The developments in these pages will attempt to test this pluralist hypothesis.

EXPRESS: Influence of Different Spatial Representations on the SNARC Effect for Letters: Electrophysiological Evidence.

Studies have previously demonstrated that different spatial representations may affect the spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect for numbers; however, limited studies have assessed the SNARC effect for letters. In this study, event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to measure the influence of two spatial representation modes (ruler and clock) on the SNARC effect. The ruler produced a SNARC-like effect; i.e., the left hand reacted faster than the right to the letters that appear before N in the alphabet; the right hand reacted faster than the left to the letters after N, whereas the clock produced a reverse SNARC effect. In addition, the ERP data showed that the SNARC-like effect for letters in both representations induced significant activation in the frontal and parietal regions, indicating that the same brain areas are involved in processing letters and numbers in terms of spatial dimensions. This study further identified the conditions for the SNARC effect and proved that the SNARC effect is attributed to the simultaneous participation of brain regions for sequence and spatial information processing.

Dark Scenes from Damaged Earth: The Gothic Anthropocene. Edited by Justin D. Edwards, Rune Graulund, and Johan Höglund

Employing the concept of the Anthropocene as a generative launching pad and somewhat amorphous organizational conceit, the editors of Dark Scenes from Damaged Earth: The Gothic Anthropocene present sixteen often insightful, always intriguing essays that further the still nascent critical amalgamation of gothic studies and the environmental humanities. In their introduction, the editors write, “To live in the Anthropocene is to recognize that transgression, excess, and monstrosity are no longer anomalies in human life but inextricable parts of it” (xi). They go on to argue that “Gothic has the power to unsettle readers more than most other literary or cultural forms because it dwells on widespread anxieties, dread, the horrific, the repellent, and achieves a frisson that other mimetic modes of representation can barely render” (xi–xii). The critical combination of these sentiments will prove familiar to those who have followed the now decade-long rise of what many scholars have come to call the ecogothic. However, the editors do their best to avoid this term, invoking it only once, writing, “To date, the important research on gothic and ecology has been largely limited to thematic studies of ‘eco-gothic’” (xiv). They then contend that such ecogothic studies “are significant for reflecting on gothic and environmentalism, but overall, they do not consistently engage with the important work in the humanities and social sciences that has recently been done on the Anthropocene. The present study attempts to fill that gap and, we hope, inspire further research in the field” (xiv). Overall, the essays that constitute this book, written by a well-established set of environmental literary scholars and cultural critics, offer productive contributions to the in-progress ecogothic conversation.

Discourse representation on Indonesian socio-political situation in the Instagram posts of an English-speaking Indonesian community

This study aims to explore the discourse representation that is used in the Instagram posts of an unofficial news account for the English-speaking Indonesian community. The studies about discourse representation are mostly done in a formal setting and comparative setting. Hence, this study intends to show the discourse representation that is used in an unofficial news account that focuses on the Indonesian socio-political situation. This study used qualitative research to collect and analyze the data. The data was taken from 50 Instagram posts. The data were analyzed by identifying the sentences based on the discourse representation theory. The finding shows that both in direct and indirect discourse, the reporting verbs are mostly used. The reporting verbs in the direct discourse is 69% and indirect discourse 78%. Meanwhile, indirect discourse is the mode and form of discourse representation that is mostly used in Instagram posts with a percentage of 82%.

Representations of Baja California Indians as ethnographic art

ABSTRACT The few existing pictures of Indigenous peoples of Baja California before the age of photography offer a precious window into the peninsula’s past inhabitants. The synoptic analysis of the material culture depicted in this imagery, from both religious and secular sources, reveals that the credibility of the pictures is based on highly contingent notions of truth that emerge from contextual relationships between images and texts. The essay maintains that representational differences mirror distinct ways of thinking about the depiction of ethnographic subjects. Although variability in style may depend on artistic ability and skill, diversity in subject and mode of representation are as much the product of multiple intermedial entanglements as they are the result of implicit aims and purposes. This unprecedented comparative exercise, while eliciting questions about what counts as accuracy in distinctive artistic and literary genres, encourages a reflection on the nature and role of images whose lives straddle between art and anthropology.

‘Viewing the Landscape’: Views from Expatria, Landscape Traditions and Staying Outside

The creative research project Views from Expatria: Photographing Place and the Self in transience by Dr Ioannis Galanopoulos Papavasileiou examines human displacement, identity, the role of place and its relationship to the transient condition of being in ‘Expatria’. The project uses extensively the concepts ‘view,’ ‘landscape,’ and ‘place.’ In photography, art, and contemporary theory there is a history of conflict, convergence, and misappropriation about these concepts, which has informed the creation of the works. This article complicates the concepts and situates them within the practice-based project. The concept ‘view of place’ is revisited and reinstated as significant in contemporary setting and practice and examined side-by-side with the highly complex term, landscape. The term ‘view of place’ is chosen against older modalities of place representation in search of a more unrestricted definition that houses the hybrid studio practices embedded in Views from Expatria project.

Realism and Reconstruction: A Comparative Perspective

Realism and Reconstruction: A Comparative Perspective

Black Light: On the Origin and Materiality of the Image

Aesthesis is a political matter, such that black folk have often sought to challenge a mode of representation that mythologizes blackness as mere absence or lack. There is artmaking that seeks to transfigure both the void blackness is thought to represent and a known world whose “facts” depend on a fiction of black vacancy. These are works that, in the words of curator Adrienne Edwards, “are philosophically charged, culturally compounded abstractions” and figurations “that point to discourse beyond medium and art movements,” alternately affirming nothing or attuning to the indeterminacy and incalculability of blackness, whether blackness be attributed to person, place, or thing. Perception and its organization are meaningful and necessarily remain a ground of contestation. This essay concerns the refractive potentialities of blackness as well as its density or fullness that exceed the capture of mimetic representation. It highlights works that critically explore the received terms and limits of representation in the interest of the dissolution of given categories and conceptual forms. Focusing particular attention on Faith Ringgold’s Black Light and American People series, this essay both demonstrates that the aporia and paradoxical power that “black womanhood” has come to represent is pivotal in mediating the relation between abstraction and figuration in modern art and our social worlds as well as considers related works that reposition blackness as incalculable density and a light source in its own right.

Bollywood self-fashioning: Indian popular culture and representations of girlhood in 1970s Indian cinema

This article investigates how Bollywood cinema represented girlhood experiences in India in the early 1970s. It argues that the films during this time focused on representing girls who displayed a variety of new fashion styles and attitudes, some of which were borrowed from western cultures. This was a sign that there was a new way of representing girls which broke with the submissive, dull and melancholic sari-wearing Indian female stereotype entrapped within domestic settings. The immediate result of this was the emergence of new style leaders and popular icons in Indian popular cinema. This study uses Stephen Greenblatt’s concept of self-fashioning and Guy Mankowski’s idea of self-design to examine how Indian girlhood was renegotiated in the 1970s as an individual-centric idea with more agency and power. Here, self-fashioning refers to the way girls adopt new elements of fashion, styles and attitudes to distinguish their identity from earlier archetypal modes of representation in film and culture. It specifically analyses the emergence of Jaya Bhaduri in Guddi (1971) and Dimple Kapadia in Bobby (1973) as case studies to understand the transformation of girlhood representations in early 1970s Bollywood that opened a new space for girls to redefine their selfhood through the assimilation of consumerism, western culture and fashion styles.

Footprints: A Digital Approach to (Jewish) Book History

Abstract This article describes and analyzes the methods of Footprints: Jewish Books Through Time and Place, a digital humanities contribution to book history. Footprints collects and aggregates information about the movement of copies of Hebrew books and books of Judaica in other languages printed in the early modern period (roughly corresponding to the hand-press era) and follows evidence of their movement into the twenty-first century. It stores this information in a relational database in which users can run specific queries and delivers the results in a number of visual representations for analysis and interpretation. Footprints undertakes two concurrent and more open-ended aims: (1) the on-going assemblage of a dataset about post-print mobility based on evidence other than the printed text (e.g. marginalia, catalog records, archival letters, other printed texts); and (2) the creation and iterative refining of a scholarly instrument to analyze the dataset through computational methods and modes of representation.

Research on the Medical Knowledge Deduction Based on the Semantic Relevance of Electronic Medical Record

This paper studies the extraction of information from unstructured text data of medical literature and electronic medical records in the field of medicine, and proposes a TCM-KR method of knowledge reasoning based on electronic medical records to enhance association rules, and carries out a study on association characteristics in the field of the electronic medical record. This method abstracts the word bag representation mode of text semantics from the unstructured data representation and integrates the correlation information of the knowledge graph of the medicine domain. The method based on a graph convolutional network was used to predict the unknown associations' relations between viscera, channel tropism, and channel distribution. The experimental results show that the TCM-KR method can efficiently infer a large amount of high-quality triple knowledge from the unstructured text data of medicine, and predict the correlation characteristics of Syndromes-Viscera, Chinese medicinal-Channel tropism, Acupoints-Channel distribution in treating lumbar intervertebral disc prolapse and provide a dedicated machine learning model and guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Performing history and cultural memory through ancient drama: the case of contemporary Polish theatre

AbstractBy the mode of representation of human life processes, theatre from its very beginning has contributed to maintaining or confronting a given social order, so as to complete its ethico-political function. One of the genuinely politically involved issues to discuss in theatre has become the past. However, on stage, history is recalled to serve both the present and the future in order to construct and develop cultural memory. Classical reception provides a comprehensive method of coping with the past, empowering the performance of the political. This article ponders the development of the ethico-political function of contemporary theatre in Poland by providing three case studies of productions that perform history and cultural memory in a specifically chosen location: Orestes by Michał Zadara, Ajax. The Machine by Natalia Korczakowska, and Wałęsa at Colonus by Bartosz Szydłowski. The conceptual framework of the analysis is constructed from the idea of the political, adapted to the specificity of the Romantic paradigm that furnishes the ground for the study of performing history and cultural memory in Polish theatre. The issue in focus is to observe how the classical reception of ancient dramas can be a performance of the political through an indirect recalling of the historical past.

LOOK, LOOK! THIS SHRINE IS LEAKING RED “MENSTRUAL ACTIVISM IN NINA PAGALIES’ GRAPHIC TEMPLES”

Menstruation is a physiological phenomenon that has long been associated with taboos and myths that justify women's exclusion from religious ceremonies and the public realm. Many cultures around the world consider menstruating women as unholy and polluting, often associating them with filth that must stay beyond the threshold of shrines and places of worship. Owing to the negative attributes associated with menstruation, the equation between women’s bodies and divinity gets problematized leading to their polarised conception. Such beliefs culminate into sexist practices that often undermine women’s rights and freedom and become instruments of perpetuating gender-based violence against them. The controversy of Sabarimala Temple in India stands as testimony to the above statement. This paper explores graphics from a collection titled ‘Temples’ by a German illustrator, Nina Pagalies, anthologized in The Elephant in the Room: Women Draw their World. Her work, Temples, explore varied experiences and attributes of female sexuality that are beautifully dovetailed to the idea of religion and purity by depicting women’s bodies as shrines and temples, thus reconciling the otherwise polarised view of female sexuality and the divine. This paper unravels how the Pagalies’ visuals subvert the notion of dirt and impurity associated with menstruation to support the narrative that rather celebrates it. It undertakes a semiotic analysis of the ‘gendered blood’ and other motifs to understand how these visuals are transgressive. Subsequently, the paper closes with the view that the illustrations valourize the ‘female blood’ and debunks patriarchal modes of representation by carving a democratic vista for feminine expression advocating the permission of menstruating females into temples.

A Jointly Guided Deep Network for Fine-Grained Cross-Modal Remote Sensing Text–Image Retrieval

Remote sensing (RS) cross-modal text–image retrieval has great application value in many fields such as military and civilian. Existing methods utilize the deep network to project the images and texts into a common space and measure the similarity. However, the majority of those methods only utilize the inter-modality information between different modalities, which ignores the rich semantic information within the specific modality. In addition, due to the complexity of the RS images, there exists a lot of interference relation information within the extracted representation from the original features. In this paper, we propose a jointly guided deep network for fine-grained cross-modal RS text–image retrieval. First, we capture the fine-grained semantic information within the specific modality and then guide the learning of another modality of representation, which can make full use of the intra- and inter-modality information. Second, to filter out the interference information within the representation extracted from the two modalities of data, we propose an interference filtration module based on the gated mechanism. According to our experimental results, significant improvements in terms of retrieval tasks can be achieved compared with state-of-the-art algorithms. The source code is available at https://github.com/CQULab/JGDN .