Public Transport Modes Research Articles

FORECASTING FUTURE PUBLIC TRANSPORT MODE CHOICE BEHAVIOUR OF COMMUTERS IN BAHRAIN USING LOGIT AND CLASSIFICATION TREE MODELS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Global trade and social relationships are greatly facilitated by transportation. However, the majority of nations, including Bahrain, face substantial challenges with their transportation systems. For the development of technical solutions that can promote the progress of these transport systems, it is now crucial to have a complete understanding of travel demands and driver's characteristics. This paper aims to explore the influential factors concerning travel mode choice in Bahrain and utilize mode choice models to forecast the probable utilities of various future public transport modes. The study utilizes diverse, 3864 data records extracted from previous surveys as well as a recent one conducted within this research. Subsequently, using Minitab software, two types of mode choice models were built, namely the logit model and the classification tree model, focusing on modelling the future transportation system, considering potential public transport modes (Public Bus, Metro, and Tram). The analysis of the data identified trip cost as the top predictor, moreover, direct, and quick travel, accessibility, and convenience were also found to significantly influence the choice of travel mode in Bahrain. Additionally, the findings indicate that the metro is the preferred choice for future public transport, with a strong preference observed for a combination of metro and tram. The research also suggests, in terms of model performance, that when capturing more complex patterns, as in this study, the classification tree outperforms the multinomial Logit model. Overall, the research provides valuable insights into mode choice in Bahrain and highlights the important factors influencing commuting decisions. The results of this study can support the development of an efficient public transportation system that would satisfy the needs and preferences of commuters in Bahrain and ultimately lead to a sustainable and accessible transportation infrastructure in the country.

Study on Factors of Urban Transportation Service Quality Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process: A Case Study of Gangtok City

Promoting the use of public transportation requires an in - depth knowledge of the variables that affect the choice of public transportation mode, including the process of implementing policy, as it has become a crucial component of government strategies to reduce carbon emissions from the transportation sector globally. A variety of factors impacting the usage of public transportation have been identified in previous studies, but few have been included in a single study. In order to boost the use of public transportation, it is essential to make it more attractive to travellers by conducting frequent Service Quality (SQ) assessments and adjustments. Understanding the passengers’ expectations towards public transportation are important, and assessing the SQ is an important tool for evaluating the total performance of the Gangtok’s public transportation system. The purpose of the existing study was to study the expectations and perceptions of city’s passengers regarding SQ in public transportation. In order to comprehend how the present commuters’ prefer a particular service quality attribute a series of interviews with passengers were undertaken. MCDM technique was adopted for this. The paper focuses on service quality factors for urban transportation system by adopting AHP technique. In this study perception of passengers using public transport in Gangtok is taken from the field. The case study is taken for Gangtok city in the state of Sikkim. The study involves study of passengers from various bus stop locations of the city. The results of the research showed substantial discrepancies among expectations and perceptions of city’s commuters, along with widespread dissatisfaction with the delivery of public transit services in hilly areas as a whole. The reliability and adaptiveness of these service have been critical in describing the overall quality of transportation services in hilly areas, and best practices were used to develop a set of recommendations for transportation operators and local officials.

Role of public transport in supporting the urban cultural and creative functions

In our three-year project, the team set the final goal as a proposal for future cities and public transportation linkages in the context of cultural and creative activities in cities. As the project leader, the author first introduces a basic discussion of cities and urban public transport modes, followed by an analysis of subjective accessibility related to well-being. Second, the author introduces field surveys in New York, London, and Wien as advanced cities with excellent cultural and creative activities, as well as Toyama City in Japan, where the importance of public space redesign related to quality public transport in conjunction with cultural and creative activities is identified. Finally, the author summarizes the conclusion of the research project, including the proposal as “Yoin City” (city or district where aftertaste of any cultural and creative activities is highly respected mainly with excellent design of urban public spaces and public transport services) with “new local” concept primarily for middle-sized cities in Japan.

How electric bikes reduce car use: A dual-mode ownership perspective

Electric bikes (e-bikes) can play a vital role in sustainable transportation and reducing car dependence. However, questions persist regarding the extent to which e-bikes contribute to replacing and complementing car use and other modes, especially from dual-mode ownership (households with both cars and e-bikes) perspective. Utilizing the Household Travel Survey dataset from Jiading, Shanghai, this study reveals that: (1) e-bikes can lead up to a 19% reduction in car mode share in dual-mode ownership households compared to car-only households; (2) e-bikes encourage a greater variety of non-commuting activities compared to car-only households; (3) e-bikes have a minor negative effect on public transport mode share, while e-bikes enhance mobility for older people. Overall, these findings underscore the importance of e-bikes in reducing car dependence and achieving development goals towards sustainable transportation and age-friendly cities.

Public Transportation System and Sustainable Development of Urban Transportation under Transit Oriented Development Mode: A Case Study of Jinan City

For more than 40 years since the reform and opening up, Chinese cities have faced tremendous pressure on transportation. In recent years, the Chinese government has recognized the importance of developing public transportation. From easing traffic congestion, improving air quality, and increasing the happiness index of residents, the government is making progressive efforts so as to upgrade sustainable urban development. The Transit Oriented Development (TOD) mode of public transportation is adopted to provide ideas for the sustainable development of urban transportation. This research analyses the theoretical mode of sustainable development of public transportation TOD, takes economy, environment and society as the entry points, and then analyzes the current situation of TOD mode development of public transportation in Jinan. After summarizing the shortcomings of its public transportation master plan and combining the excellent cases of Tokyo, Japan, and Hong Kong, China, this study analyzed the advantages of successful public transportation TOD mode for Jinan’s reference. Secondly, based on the basic transportation situation of Jinan, the future sustainable development of TOD mode is elaborated. In terms of transportation supply, transportation demand, and transportation system, it puts forward suggestions for sustainable development, including “congestion tax”, “rail + property” linked development, and rational planning of the urban layout. It also looks forward to the future development of Jinan in terms of economic, environmental and social aspects of sustainable development, in order to help Jinan improve the TOD mode to overcome the traffic congestion problem and promote the sustainable development of the city.

Analisis Pemodelan Pemilihan Moda Transportasi Ke Kampus oleh Mahasiswa Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh

The Study on the Selection of Mode of Transportation to Campus by Students of the University of Muhammadiyah Aceh to identify the characteristics of the choice of transportation mode and determine the factors that influence students in choosing the mode of transportation to campus. This study was conducted using the Binomial Logit modeling on the characteristics of the choice of transportation mode by students that affect the choice of transportation mode by students of the University of Muhammadiyah Aceh using the SPSS statistic V.24.0 application. Based on the most influential factor in the choice of mode to campus by students of the University of Muhammadiyah Aceh is the ownership of private vehicles, where each student prefers a private vehicle (motorcycle) obtained the equation Y = 0.311 + 0.239(X4) + 0.435(X8). This equation has a strong correlation with R which is 0.630 and the coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.397. This model can be interpreted that for every increase in the number of vehicle owners, there will be an increase in users of private transportation modes by 0.239 and every increase in ownership of private vehicles, there will be an increase in users of private transportation modes by 0.435. From the results of the modeling equation, the probability of students choosing private transportation modes reaches 72.8% Private vehicles. While the probability of students choosing public transportation mode reaches 42.3% occurs when students do not have a driver's license and private vehicle.

Analisis Pengaruh Manajemen Mutu Terhadap Kinerja, Efektivitas, dan Keandalan pada Transportasi Kereta Rel Listrik (KRL)

Public transportation plays a significant role in supporting urban mobility. One of the widely used modes of public transportation is Electric Train (Kereta Rel Listrik or KRL), a railway system powered by electricity and operates on separate tracks from road traffic. This research aims to analyze the influence of quality management on the performance, effectiveness, and reliability of KRL services. The method used is qualitative methodology and survey, by analyzing and describing the phenomena or research objects through the observation of survey results conducted on users of the KRL Commuter Line Jabodetabek service. The results show that public transportation not only serves to transport passengers but also must provide safe and comfortable services to continue to be favored by the public. The satisfaction of KRL users greatly depends on the quality of service provided.

A study on commuters’ public transportation mode choice behavior in river valley-type cities considering terrain spatial perception: evidence from Lanzhou, China

Existing research rarely examines the subjective and objective built environment of river valley-type cities in relation to travel mode choice, particularly overlooking the heterogeneity among travelers in these cities. In this paper, based on questionnaire survey data and built environment data, terrain spatial perception (TSP) is introduced to expand the theory of planned behavior (TPB), and a Structural Equation Model (SEM) is established. Factor analysis and path analysis are conducted using SPSS and AMOS to estimate latent variables. An integrated model of SEM and random parameter Logit model (RPLM), which can not only analyze the psychological perception factors of commuters in river valley-type cities but also consider the heterogeneity of psychological perception, was constructed to analyze the impact of personal attributes, objective built environment factors, and psychological latent variables on the commuting mode choice behavior of public transport users in river valley-type cities. The results indicate that the five observation indicators corresponding to the proposed terrain spatial perception latent variables can better explain the terrain spatial perception of commuters in river valley-type cities. Different from plain cities, the subjective and objective built environment of river valley-type cities notably influence the travel behavior of commuters. Moreover, the parameters of terrain spatial perception follow a normal distribution, indicating that the sensitivity of different commuters to the terrain spatial perception of river valley-type cities is heterogeneous. The results of our study can provide a reference for alleviating traffic issues in valley cities.

EVALUATION OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT FACILITIES AT PORTS, AIRPORTS, STATIONS, AND TERMINALS

Indonesia is known as an archipelagic country because it has thousands of islands spread from Sabang to Merauke. To connect an area or island to another, Indonesia has various modes of public transportation. Facilities on public transportation modes must be adequate to accommodate prospective passengers who will travel to an area. Evaluation of public facilities is very necessary to increase passenger comfort. This research was carried out using direct observation methods and using literature reviews from sources on the internet. In this research, there are several modes of public transportation discussed, namely Ketapang Harbor, Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport, Bandung Station, and Guntur Melati Terminal. Ketapang Port has several shortcomings, namely improving the weather information system, improving the traffic operational system, improving services, and expanding the dock. Then, Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport has a shortage of VVIP parking spaces, so improvements are needed. According to the Regulation of the Minister of Communications No. 63 of 2019 on the Minimum Service Standards for Passenger Traffic by Rail, Bandung Station has not met the standards in terms of safety, security, comfort and convenience. Meanwhile, according to the regulation of PM No. 40 of 2015 on the Standards of Service for the Maintenance of Passenger Terminals of Road Transportation, the Guntur Melati Terminal also still has deficiencies in the safety and conveniency aspects.

Modeling travel mode choice behavior for planned special events using CPT-based HI-MADM approach

ABSTRACT Planned special events (PSEs) can significantly increase traffic demand, posing greater challenges than daily operations. In response, host cities often invest heavily in transportation upgrades. This study proposes a model integrating cumulative prospect theory (CPT) and multiple-attribute decision-making to understand mode choice behavior of PSE attendees. This integration enables direct extraction of traveler preference information, offering a more suitable description of the decision-making process. The decision matrix considers mode and attribute heterogeneity. The reference point for CPT is derived from previous PSE trips or commutes. Furthermore, this paper assesses asymmetric nonlinear sensitivity and distorted perceptions of different attributes. Analysis of mode-choice behavior for PSE participation, using survey data from Tianjin, China, validates the approach. It better characterizes PSE choice behaviors and demonstrates varying sensitivity to gains and losses, dependent on different attributes and distances. Thus, event planners should prioritize improving travel time and convenience to increase public transport mode share.

Multi-agent reinforcement learning framework based on information fusion biometric ticketing data in different public transport modes

In smart cities, biometric technologies have become extensively used for ticket authentication on public transport. Information fusion plays a key role in biometric ticketing, allowing ticket validation with more data source validation in different public transport modes. This paper proposes a novel biometric technology-based mobile ticket application-based system. We formulate the problem as a multi-agent reinforcement learning framework for biometric ticketing in multi-transport environments. Specifically, we propose the Asynchronous Advantage Critic Biometric Ticketing Framework (A3CBTF) algorithm, which consists of different schemes based on the proposed system. The proposed algorithm framework operates in hybrid transport modes using a parallel reinforcement learning scheme. A key advantage of A3CBTF is that it enables passengers to use a single ticket for various public transport modes. Additionally, even when a passenger’s mobile device is stolen, lost, or has a dead battery, they can still validate their tickets through different information fusion sources, such as fingerprint and face recognition. A3CBTF is a multi-agent system that integrates mobile, transport, edge, and cloud servers to facilitate ticket validation in a distributed environment. By optimizing both convex and concave optimizations, A3CBTF ensures efficient ticket validation with minimal processing time and maximizes validation rewards across different biometric technologies. Experimental results demonstrate that A3CBTF outperforms mobile off with other options such as fingerprint and face recognition in public transport as compared to other ticketing systems.

Heterogeneous choice of personalized Mobility-as-a-Service bundles and its impact on sustainable transportation

The Mobility-as-a-service (MaaS) framework has the potential to induce changes in individual travel behavior towards more sustainable transportation alternatives by integrating multimodal travel services. However, insights into the behavioral responses of specific groups of people to MaaS, thus promoting green travel, are currently lacking. This paper intends to investigate the intergroup heterogeneous preferences on the choice of MaaS bundles and evaluate their contributions to eco-friendly travel. A stated choice experiment is designed, incorporating personalized MaaS service bundles complemented by different green travel-oriented ticketing strategies. The experiment caters to different groups of users related to public transport, cars, and other modes of transport. The results indicate a substantial improvement in the goodness-of-fit of the behavioral model after user classification, revealing significant heterogeneity in preferences among users regarding MaaS bundle choices. Notably, the impact of sub-tickets on nudging toward green transportation is more pronounced than that of monthly and discount tickets.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Public Choices in Mass Transport and Assessing Development Challenges in The Transportation Sector

The primary objective of this research is to investigate public transportation governance in Banyumas Regency using the New Public Management (NPM) paradigm, with the aim of enhancing efficiency and effectiveness. The study focuses on understanding the factors that influence people's preferences for public transportation modes, particularly in relation to availability, cost, comfort, safety, and environmental concerns. The research also aims to address the challenges associated with the perception of private vehicles as status symbols, recognizing their impact on economic and societal development. The study employs quantitative methods and the SmartPLS4 analysis tool to uncover significant findings regarding the positive impacts of availability and comfort on preferences and the varying influences of cost, environment, and security. The ultimate goal is to provide insights that can inform the development of transportation policies, promoting effectiveness and alignment with the community's needs in Banyumas Regency.

Temporal Variation and Spatial Heterogeneity in Boarding/Alighting Patterns at Urban Railway Stations: Implications for Estimating Optimal Construction Scale—A Case Study in Seoul, South Korea

Urban railways have become a prominent mode of public transportation within cities owing to their connectivity with other modes of transport and environmental friendliness. Various policies, such as the expansion of metropolitan areas and the development of megacities, have further emphasized the pivotal role of urban railways. Consequently, more railway stations are expected to be constructed in developed cities. However, the temporal variation in boarding and alighting patterns at each railway station is often overlooked. Failing to account for this variation, specifically the differences in peak-hour concentration rates, in railway station design may cause increased conflicts among users owing to concentrated demands during specific time periods, exacerbating congestion and diminishing the appeal of the urban railway systems. Therefore, this study investigated the correlation between the temporal variation in boarding and alighting patterns and the attributes (location) of railway stations in Seoul, South Korea, and analyzed the spatial heterogeneity of this correlation. Initially, the factors influencing the peak-hour concentration rates in railway stations were identified using a linear regression model. Peak hours were defined as morning and afternoon peaks and boarding and alighting were differentiated to account for the directional aspects of temporal variations in boarding and alighting patterns. The correlation between boarding and alighting patterns and the attributes of railway station influence zones was determined, and a geographically weighted regression model was estimated to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of this correlation based on railway station location. The analysis results revealed that railway stations in the southeastern and downtown areas of Seoul exhibited varying impacts of station attributes on boarding and alighting patterns even when the station attribute influence zones were identical. The contribution of this study is to evaluate the priorities of railway projects and its corresponding transportation policies. Regarding the policy goal recently announced by the Korean government, “Achieving Commute Times in 30-min range,” our finding will provide a good measure of accessibility whether it succeeds or not.

Passenger valuation of interchanges in urban public transport

Understanding how passengers perceive public transport interchanges is important to better explain current public transport mode and route choice behaviour and to better predict future demand levels. In this study we derive how passengers value a public transport interchange in a metropolitan context entirely based on recent, large-scale, Revealed Preference data, explicitly distinguishing between different types and modes of public transport interchanges. For this purpose we estimate three discrete choice models using maximum likelihood estimation, based on over 26,000 passenger route choices observed in June 2023 in the Greater London Area. We find that each public transport interchange is on average valued equivalent to 5 min uncrowded in-vehicle time. Additionally, our model results provide quantitative evidence that cross-platform interchanges between two metro journey legs are valued 20–25 % less negatively than a regular metro interchange where a level change is required. Multimodal bus-metro interchanges and out-of-station interchanges are perceived most negatively by passengers. Passengers value bus-bus interchanges on average about 60 % more negatively than metro-metro interchanges, possibly driven by factors such as comfort, service frequency, reliability and (perceived) safety. Our study results can be used for business case and appraisal purposes, when quantifying the impact of service changes which affect the number or type of interchanges.

Twitter, Instagram, Youtube Speak: Understanding Sentiments on LRT Jabodebek Services via Inset Lexicon, IndoBERT and BERTopic Approaches

Rapid urbanization in the Jabodetabek region has led to an increased demand for public transportation. Responding to this need, the government has initiated the development of a new public transportation mode, namely the LRT Jabodebek. However, as a new public transportation mode, the LRT Jabodebek has both strengths and weaknesses in serving the community. Various public comments are expressed through social media platforms. To enhance service quality, it is crucial to pay attention to public comments. Therefore, a sentiment analysis is required to identify and delve into both positive and negative sentiments regarding the LRT Jabodebek service through comments on Twitter, Instagram, and Youtube. The methodology involves a combination of Lexicon-based, IndoBERT model, and BERTopic approaches to gain a deeper understanding of the Jabodebek LRT service trends. The study reveals that 55.9% of the 8,523 comments carry a negative sentiment, and the IndoBERT model achieves an accuracy of 85.97% in sentiment classification.

Charting a sustainable course: how normative factors shape intentions for Autonomous Rapid Transit commuting

With the continuous advancement of technology, transportation methods have undergone significant transformation, giving rise to innovative solutions like Autonomous Rapid Transit (ART). ART systems are designed to utilize hydrogen energy, serving as an efficient and eco-friendly power source. This not only addresses issues related to traffic congestion but also presents a promising solution to environmental challenges. However, the success of implementing such technologies to mitigate these challenges relies heavily on the support and acceptance of potential users. This study aims to explore the intention of users to adopt ART as a mode of transportation in the context of Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia. This study conducted a comprehensive survey involving 350 respondents and employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to analyse the data. The findings of this study reveal that several critical factors significantly influence the behavioural intention to use ART for commuting. Specifically, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and individual attitudes have a significant impact on the intention to embrace ART as a sustainable mode of transportation. However, the study also finds that personal norms do not exhibit a significant relationship with behavioural intention. This insight underscores the pivotal role of societal influences compared to individually internalized values in shaping user decision-making with regard to the adoption of ART for commuting. It is imperative for policymakers to take into account the perspectives and considerations of users when formulating policies related to the introduction and promotion of new public transportation modes where private transportation has traditionally been prevalent.

Unveiling transportation disparities: investigating accessibility gaps in metropolitan cities using GIS—a case study of Alexandria, Egypt

IntroductionPublic transportation is essential to reduce pollution and traffic congestion in urban areas. However, in densely populated regions like Alexandria, characterized by high population density and limited road infrastructure, accessibility to diverse transportation options is crucial.MethodsThis study investigates the accessibility of public transportation modes, including railways and buses, and their interaction with informal transit. Questioning if public transportation alone will be sufficient for pedestrians or if the presence of informal transit is crucial, and whether all residents of Alexandria have their rightful accessibility for different transport modes, the goal was to establish an efficient and interconnected transportation network. A survey was conducted in cooperation with Transport for Cairo to investigate all transport routes throughout Alexandria, further using ArcGIS Pro to identify gaps in public transportation coverage.ResultsFindings revealed that public transportation alone is insufficient due to limited bus and railway coverage because of their fixed linear routes. Informal transit, like microbuses, plays a vital role in filling these gaps.DiscussionThe study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive and sustainable transportation network that considers both formal and informal transit. These insights can guide policymakers and urban planners in improving public transportation in Alexandria and similar cities worldwide.

Effects of trust and customer perceived value on the acceptance of urban air mobility as public transportation

Urban air mobility (UAM) is expected to become an innovative mode of public transportation. Although multiple factors may facilitate the adoption of UAM, its implementation may be difficult owing to the lack of customer acceptance and usage intentions. This study proposes a research model to explore the effects of trust and customer perceived value on the acceptance of UAM as public transportation. In this study, empirical data from 573 respondents were collected via an online survey. Additionally, thirteen hypotheses on trust and customer-perceived value were presented, and a relationship model was conceptualized and analyzed using structural equation modeling based on the partial least squares method. The results indicated that all thirteen hypotheses proposed in this study were statistically supported and trust in technology and customer perceived value was found to positively influence the intention to use UAM as public transport. Notably, functional, emotional, and social values were found to considerably affect trust in technology and customer-perceived value; specifically, functional value had the greatest impact in this context. The results of this study validate the importance of trust and customer-perceived value, which should be prioritized in the adoption of UAM as a public transportation service.

Unveiling the drivers of modal switch from motorcycles to public transport in Southeast Asia

Most studies on commuter and public transport mode choice rely on theoretical frameworks that draw boundaries between the utility function, social-ecological system, demographic and socio-economic attributes, and psychological theory. While models predicting the shift towards public transport are commonly applied in developed countries, there is a lack of similar studies that construct these models in developing countries. In addition, in some developing countries, the motorcycle is one of the main private motorised travel modes. Therefore, the modal shift from motorcycles to public transport in Southeast Asia to reduce private mobility is one of the important topics to examine. This paper presents a systematic literature review, utilising a comprehensive search strategy across electronic databases and reputable sources to identify directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), revealing factors influencing the choice and intention to shift to public transport. Data synthesis from selected studies highlights the intrinsic and extrinsic variables influencing public transport use, motorcycle use, and the modal shift to public transport. The study also proposes a theoretical framework for the modal shift in usage from motorcycles to public transport.