Modes Of Memory Research Articles

The Statue and the Readymade: Thinking is Not Ready-Made

Statues and other monuments that mark the great names of colonization and empire are specifically privatized forms of colonizing memory. To reduce the collective forces of history to a single name is a form of defacement. This essay argues for a mode of history and memory beyond the face and beyond the individual. Debates surrounding the removal or preservation of statues for the sake of history and memory assume a humanized and privatized form of historical time. The destruction of statues is a positive event that opens the possibility of collective time. Rather than preserving history through terms that are readymade, this essay argues for an aesthetics of the ready-made, or the found object that appears alien and out of place.

Reconciling the PSBG and CBM Models of Musical Processing: A Response to Schubert and Pearce

Schubert and Pearce (2016) contrast two modes of musical memory (more broadly, musical perception and cognition): the schematic and the veridical, which they formalise in terms of the Problem-Solving by Generalisation (PSBG) and Case-Based Memory (CBM) models, respectively. The former hypothesises the ab- straction of schematic categories as solutions to the processing of unfamiliar music, the latter the invocation of (sequentially concatenated segments of) a vast memory store of previously heard pieces as locally stored “keys” engaging with the relevant incoming “locks”. This article explores how these two models might be implemented neuronally, in terms of Calvin’s Hexagonal Cloning Theory (HCT), arguing that they can be explained as two related, indeed complementary, functions of the same un- derpinning mechanism. It also explores the cultural-evolutionary implications of the two models through the lens of memetics.

Specification of neural circuit architecture shaped by context-dependent patterned LAR-RPTP microexons

LAR-RPTPs are evolutionarily conserved presynaptic cell-adhesion molecules that orchestrate multifarious synaptic adhesion pathways. Extensive alternative splicing of LAR-RPTP mRNAs may produce innumerable LAR-RPTP isoforms that act as regulatory “codes” for determining the identity and strength of specific synapse signaling. However, no direct evidence for this hypothesis exists. Here, using targeted RNA sequencing, we detected LAR-RPTP mRNAs in diverse cell types across adult male mouse brain areas. We found pronounced cell-type–specific patterns of two microexons, meA and meB, in Ptprd mRNAs. Moreover, diverse neural circuits targeting the same neuronal populations were dictated by the expression of different Ptprd variants with distinct inclusion patterns of microexons. Furthermore, conditional ablation of Ptprd meA+ variants at presynaptic loci of distinct hippocampal circuits impaired distinct modes of synaptic transmission and object-location memory. Activity-triggered alterations of the presynaptic Ptprd meA code in subicular neurons mediates NMDA receptor-mediated postsynaptic responses in CA1 neurons and object-location memory. Our data provide the evidence of cell-type- and/or circuit-specific expression patterns in vivo and physiological functions of LAR-RPTP microexons that are dynamically regulated.

Mnemonic splinterings and disciplinary convergences: Memory studies, Vietnamese studies, and diasporic Vietnamese studies

This article considers memory studies in the context of the Vietnamese case study in order to test and revise previous assumptions on dimensions, levels, and modes of memory drawn mostly from European or Northern American frameworks. In particular, it examines the politics of modern Vietnamese memories about war and migration both in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and in the Vietnamese refugee diaspora to consider the possibilities, limitations, and implications of such contested memory work. Highlighting the particularities of Vietnamese memory politics, the article illustrates what memory studies, Vietnamese studies, and diasporic Vietnamese studies can bring to each other and contribute to important disciplinary discussions ongoing in these fields.

Covid 19 and the metaphors of crisis in selected texts by Adichie and Achebe: a Jungian psycho-analytical reading

This article aims at exploring Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s and Chinua Achebe’s discourses on melancholy and grief in times of Covid 19 and Biafra crises in Notes on Grief (2021), and There Was a Country: A Personal History of Biafra (2012), as artists’ experience with crisis. The study especially examines language from a Jungian perspective, to bring out the aesthetics of grief or pain as expressive modes of memory and the ideological concern for reviving self and deconstructing otherness. Taking a Jungian psycho-analytical stand, the study focuses on the self’s perception of the other in the context of social crisis. It means to show that crisis is a powerful tool for intellectual regeneration of the artist and an experimental opportunity for society to assess itself, redefine values, reset boundaries and regenerate itself through the teachings drawn from the imposition of the new realities generated by that very crisis. The study finds that Adichie and Achebe’s discourses highlight the necessity to reconceptualise grief and crisis not only as problematic occurrences that create emotive choc and despair, but also as recreational events that contribute to the mental and affective growing of both the artist and his/her society.

‘VISIONEN VOM IDEALEN GESCHICHTE‐SCHREIBEN UND GESCHICHTE‐MACHENʼ: EPISTEMIC (IN)JUSTICE AND INSURRECTION IN SHARON DODUA OTOO'S HISTORICAL AND MEMORY ACTIVISM

ABSTRACTThis article explores Sharon Dodua Otoo's historical and memory activism and demonstrates how she challenges epistemic injustices inflicted by dominant models of cultural memory and identity in Germany, particularly in relation to its colonial history. Such epistemic injustice takes two main forms – the ongoing subjugation of subaltern (hi)stories and the under‐acknowledgement of grassroots diasporic activism – resulting in multiple levels of marginalisation and sustaining what the philosopher Charles Mills calls ‘the white epistemology of ignorance’. Building on Sarah Colvin's studies of epistemic resistance in Otoo's literary prose, I argue that Otoo's historical and memory activism is an example of what José Medina refers to as ‘epistemic insurrection’. Otoo's self‐consciously collaborative interventions in historical and memory politics facilitate the kind of ‘beneficial epistemic friction’ expounded by Medina, which is necessary to prevent dominant forces from co‐opting insurgent counter‐histories and counter‐memories. Otoo invokes a community of activist experts and poets, past and present, whose collective knowledge production offers alternative ways of thinking about history and opportunities to subvert the power dynamics of cultural memory. Her activism reaches across diverse genres, media and public domains, and engages multiperspectivity to contribute to more pluralistic modes of doing history and memory.

Two modes of social impressions and their effects on choice.

Our memories of other people shape how we interact with them. Yet, even when we forget exactly what others said or did, we often remember impressions that capture a general gist of their behavior-whether they were forthright, friendly, or funny. Drawing on fuzzy trace theory, we propose two modes of social impression formation: impressions formed based on ordinal gist ("more competent," "less competent") or categorical gist ("competent," "incompetent"). In turn, we propose that people gravitate toward the simplest representation available and that different modes of memory have distinct consequences for social decisions. Specifically, ordinal impressions lead people to make decisions based on an individual's standing relative to others, whereas categorical impressions lead people to make decisions based on discrete classifications that interpret behavior. In four experiments, participants learned about two groups of individuals who differed in their competence (Studies 1a, 2, and 3) or generosity (Study 1b). When participants encoded impressions as ordinal rankings, they preferred to hire or help a relatively good target from a low-performing group over a relatively bad target from a high-performing group, even though both targets behaved identically and accuracy was incentivized. However, when participants could use categorical boundaries to interpret behavior, this preference was eliminated. In a final experiment, changing the category participants used to encode others' generosity changed their impressions, even when accounting for memory for verbatim details. This work links social impressions to theories of mental representation in memory and judgment, highlighting how distinct representations support divergent patterns of social decision-making. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

(Re)Building a Museum, (Re)Worlding a Nation, (Re)Writing History

The premiere of Hannah Khalil’s A Museum in Baghdad (2019) marks a critical juncture in the history of contemporary British drama. The play is informed by a decolonial dynamic, a longue durée vision, and an evental mode of memory; and renders the museum as a multivalent allegorical space. The complicities of culture, imperialism, and resource extractivism are revealed.

Documentary film as memory/memento mori in Aslaug Holm’s Brothers (Brødre)

ABSTRACT Seeing documentary film as an object for remembering and resurrecting the past is a complex issue touching upon questions pertaining to the ontology of photographic capturing, its ways of becoming an index, means of reinventing/fabricating the past through narrative and how such shared, cultural conventions impinge on the personal sphere, i.e. the singularity and authenticity of the experience preserved. While some past and present key media theorists regard such cinematization of memory as either a reduced or falsified form of pastness, I argue, employing Edward S. Casey’s influential phenomenological study of mnemonic modes and taking Aslaug Holm’s (auto)biographical documentary Brothers (Brødre, 2015) as an outstanding example, that documentary as an object perceived by a specific (not abstracted) consciousness is multiple and functions as a virtual reservoir for potential complex acts of memory to occur – it enlivens, not reduces one’s engagement with the past. Brothers is seen as both a form of reminiscence vehicle and commemoration vehicle. I furthermore identify a new mode of memory manifest in the film, not discussed by Casey, and its related object – anterior reminding and memento mori – which preserves the past and alludes to the future, this way determining what that past shall have been.

Communicative remembering: Revisiting a basic mnemonic concept

Abstract The article attempts to clarify what today constitutes communicative remembering. To revisit this basic mnemonic concept, our theoretical contribution starts from available approaches in social memory studies that assume a binary distinction between cultural and communicative modes of memory making. In contrast, we use concepts that treat them not as structural, historically and culturally distinct registers but as a repertoire of retrospection that hinges on the evoked temporal horizon and media usage. To further interrogate this practical articulation of memories, we direct our attention to the habitual, communicatively realised engagement with the past. We finally turn to the ways communicative remembering is done in digitally networked environments, which provide us with a pertinent mnemonic arena where rigid dichotomies of communicative memory versus cultural memory are eroded.

Architects of Memory: Information and Rhetoric in a Networked Archival Age

Architects of Memory: Information and Rhetoric in a Networked Archival Age

Cambodian American Listening as Memory Work

Cambodian American Listening as Memory Work

Performing Histories of Abhyudayamu and Yakśagānamu

Scholars have established over the past decades that the tradition of historiography in South Asia was not altogether a Western import. This has allowed us to revisit South Indian vernacular literary texts in a new light. Historians A. K. Warder, Romila Thaper, Nicholas Dirks, and the trio of Sanjay Subramaniam, Velcheru Narayana Rao, and David Shulman have argued eloquently in their writing about seeing Indian literature as serious sources of historical evidence. For example, the trio identify sources such as Karanam-s (service gentry who were book keepers/accountants), Raya Vācakamū-s (chronicles of Vijayanagara Kings), and Tārikh-s (modern members of society who wrote history), all seemingly non-traditional sources authored by ministers, court chroniclers, accountants, army chieftains, and others as important materials. I further this argument to investigate the vernacular performative literatures of Abhyudayamu-s in the yakśagānamu style, from early Modern Tañjāvur. Raghunātha-abhyudayamu, a Telugu Yakśagānamu text written by Vijayarāghava Nāyaka in the seventeenth century, records the daily life of his father Raghunātha Nāyaka.
 Abhyudayamu is in the versified prose format of dvipada (poetic metre). It enumerates the genealogy, lifestyle, events, people, and place, as well as the escapades of the King. It literally sequences the dawn-to-dusk life of the Telugu Nāyaka King. The Raghunāthaabhyudayamu, is written in the yakśagānamu genre and has a distinct performative quality with song and dance as its central modes of expression. Performing the yakśagānamu, which extolls Raghunātha’s greatness through historic conquests, administrative prowess, warfare genius, processions, cultural and romantic alliances was a way to report history. It was also the assertion of kinship and identity by the Bahujan (historically serving class) Nayaka Kings. Performing the yakśagānamu daily in open court must be read as layered modes of embedding historic memory in public consciousness.
 While some of the performative literatures have been brought to light in the past, through publications and discourse, it is in fact in the experience of performance that vestibules the past into the future that cultural memories are built. Parts of the performed rendition are embedded as videos in this article for illustrative purposes. This study, is therefore a reading of literature complimented by embodied practice, that is rendered as performing histories: enacted literary performances imbuing the interpretive tools for cultural research.

Rhetoric, death, and the politics of memory

ABSTRACT This article develops a view of collective memory as a rhetorical practice with an intimate connection to death. Drawing on the philosophy of Jacques Derrida, I argue that memory is inhabited by death – the loss of a living presence which, nonetheless, is the very condition for recollection and communication. Memory can never retrieve presence, for time is discontinuous, disjointed rather than linear. Instead, memory is presented as an ‘impossible gift’, a form of inheritance that charges us to remember anew. These motifs, I argue, are central in epideictic rhetoric which, by dwelling on the present, invites collective recognition and affirmation concerning what fundamentally is. In the genre of the eulogy, especially, the event of death is encountered by reference to the fracturing of time, the experience of the gift, and the question of inheritance. Eulogy rhetoric, I suggest, is a powerful mode of collective memory that captures much of how we remember.

Владимир Соловьев: память в контексте культуры

The father from us through the ages is the only truly original Russian philosopher Vladimir Sergeevich Solovyev (1853-1900) the greater his personality in all forms of his scientific works, publishing activity, citizen activism. A confusing picture of modern philosophy animated with multiple theories of Modernism and Postmodernism reflects diverse philosophical reception of the global world of sustainable development. A variety of philosophical discourses fosters latent aspiration for coherence, methodological discipline and authenticity which were clearly developed by Vladimir Sergeevich Solovyev. Therefore, Solovyev's works considering memory as a phenomenon in all diversity of its modes can become a kind of Plato's “second navigation” in countless philosophical wanderings. The aim of the article is to study the issue of memory in the works of the Russian philosopher Vladimir Sergeevich Solovyev. On the way to achieve the goal we must solve the next tasks: 1) review scientific publications presenting the major research trends of Vladimir Solovyev's work in Russia and abroad; 2) define the main scientific trends of philosophical understanding of memory on the basis of analysis of V.S. Solovyev's works (“Theoretical philosophy”, “Enigma of progress”, speeches dedicated to the memory of outstanding figures of Russian and world philosophy and culture, articles in an encyclopedia and obituaries); 3) prove the importance of the philosopher's ideas for analysis of memory in the times of “memorial boom”. The analysis showed that the issue of memory as socio-cultural, not only psychological phenomenon, was one of the main Vladimir Solovyev's philosophical receptions. He studied memory issues by reference to the main principles of philosophy of holistic knowledge: truth, the good, and beauty. Consequently, the main modes of memory research in V.S. Solovyev's works are presented in the article. We understand a mode as a property of an object, in our case memory, as something momentary, ever-changing, manifesting itself under some conditions and changing or disappearing under others. The modes of memory are considered in the article as: 1) a supertemporal, essential phenomenon, the basis for consciousness, conscientious, real union of Man and God; 2) eternal remembrance and, thereby, extension of Man's existence in memory; 3) communion with spiritual foundations of one's historical existence.

Modes of historical memory: from Hegemonism to agonism

The article substantiates an agonistic approach to the historical memory of society, in which the latter is not a single hegemonic narrative, but a set of competing versions of the past. According to the author, the relevance of the agonistic regime of memory is connected with the fact that in the modern world the factor of mass migrations, the struggle for recognition by ethnic, racial and other minorities, the activation of regional identities introduces new mnemotic actors into the public space, challenging the established historical "canon". At the same time, an attempt to suppress counter-narratives usually causes the phenomenon of "mnemotic resistance", and therefore cannot be considered as a productive strategy. The agonistic approach to the politics of memory makes us evaluate resonant events around the Black Lives Matter movement in a different way, disputes over the concept of historical education, demands for renaming streets and squares, demolition of monuments, changes in memorable dates and holidays. The "rewriting of history" turns out not to be an existential threat to the national community, but a natural process of the nation's revision of ideas about itself. At the same time, it is fundamentally important that memorial conflicts take place within a common symbolic space, and discussions are held about the national past. This is the only way a truly inclusive version of historical memory can arise.

A Psychoanalytical Approach of Body Memory in Asian Literature

This paper investigates the concept of body memory treated in Shauna Singh Baldwin’s <i>What the Body Remembers</i>. It deals not only with revealing the potential methods of remembering, but also how victims resort to alternative modes of memory and recovery. The late twentieth century has witnessed an increased emphasis on questions of memory as the generations which experienced the atrocities of the two world wars die out, and new or revived national movements build their demands on memories of oppression or trauma. Adopting a non-verbal source of inquiry, Shauna Singh Baldwin questions the unchallenged supremacy of the verbal testimony as a means for healing the self, emphasizing how South Asian Literary Texts themselves point toward non-textual sites of memory such as human body. Baldwin explores the dark tunnels of memory in which the revelation of the past occurs brilliantly through new generatively trans-textual intersections of memory, nationalism and narrative Scars, tattoos, post-memory, and reincarnation are among the new modes presented by this Indian author. In this vein, I claim that the text comes out to suggest new ways in which human body can preserve and displays individual and collective memory. I shall also discuss the extent to which the female body potentially facilitate the act of remembering denying the importance of the language structure.

Neuropsychological performance in young adults with cannabis use disorder.

Background and Aims:Cannabis is a commonly used recreational drug in young adults. The worldwide prevalence in 18- to 25-year-olds is approximately 35%. Significant differences in cognitive performance have been reported previously for groups of cannabis users. However, the groups are often heterogeneous in terms of cannabis use. Here, we study daily cannabis users with a confirmed diagnosis of cannabis use disorder (CUD) to examine cognitive performance on measures of memory, executive function and risky decision-making.Methods:Forty young adult daily cannabis users with diagnosed CUD and 20 healthy controls matched for sex and premorbid intelligence quotient (IQ) were included. The neuropsychological battery implemented was designed to measure multiple modes of memory (visual, episodic and working memory), risky decision-making and other domains of executive function using subtests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB).Results:Our results showed that young adult daily cannabis users with CUD perform significantly poorer on tasks of visual and episodic memory compared with healthy controls. In addition, executive functioning was associated with the age of onset.Conclusions:Further research is required to determine whether worse performance in cognition results in cannabis use or is a consequence of cannabis use. Chronic heavy cannabis use during a critical period of brain development may have a particularly negative impact on cognition. Research into the persistence of cognitive differences and how they relate to functional outcomes such as academic/career performance is required.

Memristor-Based Neural Network Circuit of Emotion Congruent Memory With Mental Fatigue and Emotion Inhibition.

Most memristor-based neural networks only consider a single mode of memory or emotion, but ignore the relationship between emotion and memory. In this paper, a memristor-based neural network circuit of emotion congruent memory is proposed and verified by the simulation results. The designed circuit consists of a memory module, an emotion module and an association neuron module. Varieties of memory and emotion functions are considered. The functions such as learning, forgetting, variable rate and emotion generation are implemented by the circuit. Furthermore, mental fatigue and emotion inhibition which are two important self-protective measures of the brain are realized in this paper on the basis of emotion congruent memory. Finally, the paper also considers the congruence between emotion and memory materials and the regulation of emotion on memory. The neural network circuit of emotion congruent memory can provide more references for the application of memristor.

Anxieties of Access

AbstractThis article explores the nature of remembering as a lake, with a lake, or through a lake; the differential relationships, knowledge, and perspectives contained within; and the potentially troubling implications found at the intersection of scientific and humanistic perspectives on lake being. It also reflects on the totalizing nature of assuming a single form of memory, of archiving, or of trauma in a world of lakes riven with partially occluded, subsumed, ever-present, and retrieved stories expressed through water. Memory for whom? Recollection for whom? Archiving is never simple, never complete, and never without ingrained and intersecting structures of suppressed and channeled violence. Waters leave a trail of their own, writ on and in water. It contains stories that are recorded and relived. It has ontologies that are plural, overlapping, and multiple modes of memory captured in a hydrocommons where perspectives pool. Rather than asserting that a lake is an archive, this article concludes by proposing that it is a counterarchive where archival modes and anxieties can be exposed and explored. This is true of all waters, but lakes offer an ideal case study.