Mode Of Division Research Articles

Was ist Selbstbestimmung? Eine Wohlstandsquelle, aber zu wenig genutzt Hundert Jahre kollektive Selbstbestimmung 1918–2018

During the last century, the significance of self-determination has undergone a remarkable change, but through erroneous equalization with the right of secession, self-determination turned oftentimes also into a myth misused or instrumentalised for political purposes. Numerous conflicts of secession are proving this. However, there is no right to secession, neither in international law nor in state practice, except in the case of consent of all parties concerned. At the most, exclusively if a people’s identity or existence is endangered by serious human rights violations, the mode of external self-determination without the consent of all parties concerned, i. e. a secession, could be legitimised on the base of human rights. Therefore, the real importance of the principles of equal rights and self-determination of peoples lies in the mode of internal self-determination, implemented through instruments like autonomy or federalism, which doesn’t violate the territorial integrity of states. In this mode, the principle of self-determination is currently of the utmost importance for the maintenance of peace, security and stability, but also for the protection of minorities in Europe, and even for regional development. Both instruments, autonomy and federalism, in fact also have a macro-economic component and are capable of transforming potential for conflict into cultural and socio-economic added value. Finally, it becomes apparent that the internal self-determination as a particular mode of division of governmental, legislative and administrative responsibilities between states and autonomous regions proves to be a remarkable source of prosperity, but unfortunately this possibility is still underutilised.

Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi stress in microcephaly.

Microcephaly is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by a small brain size associated with intellectual deficiency in most cases and is one of the most frequent clinical sign encountered in neurodevelopmental disorders. It can result from a wide range of environmental insults occurring during pregnancy or postnatally, as well as from various genetic causes and represents a highly heterogeneous condition. However, several lines of evidence highlight a compromised mode of division of the cortical precursor cells during neurogenesis, affecting neural commitment or survival as one of the common mechanisms leading to a limited production of neurons and associated with the most severe forms of congenital microcephaly. In this context, the emergence of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus as key guardians of cellular homeostasis, especially through the regulation of proteostasis, has raised the hypothesis that pathological ER and/or Golgi stress could contribute significantly to cortical impairments eliciting microcephaly. In this review, we discuss recent findings implicating ER and Golgi stress responses in early brain development and provide an overview of microcephaly-associated genes involved in these pathways.

Anatomical study of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve and application to selective neurectomy in the treatment of spasticity of the first web space.

Spasticity of the first web space is common in upper limb spasticity. Selective neurectomy is one of the treatments that can reduce spasticity. The purpose of this study was to describe the variations of the deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve for the adductor pollicis (AP) and the first dorsal interosseous muscle (DIO) to assess the feasibility of selective neurectomy and suggest an ideal surgical approach. The deep branch of the ulnar nerve (DBUN) was dissected in 21 hands. Measurements included the distance between the point of passage of the DBUN between the two heads of the adductor and three anatomical landmarks: the bi-styloid line, the flexor carpi radialis and the pisiform bone, and the number and mode of divisions of each branch. The point of passage of the DBUN between the two heads of the adductor is very constant respective to the landmarks. The DBUN gives off 1-3 branches each for the oblique head of the AP, the transverse head, and the first DIO. Muscles receive more than one branch in 95% cases for the oblique head and 62% of cases for the transverse head, and 100% for the DIO. This anatomical study suggests that selective neurectomy is feasible for the AP and first DIO muscles in most cases. An ideal approach for selective neurectomy of these muscles should start from the point of passage of the DBUN between the two heads of the AP. This point is easily identified with the help of the described landmarks.

Cultivation and functional characterization of 79 planctomycetes uncovers their unique biology.

When it comes to the discovery and analysis of yet uncharted bacterial traits, pure cultures are essential as only these allow detailed morphological and physiological characterization as well as genetic manipulation. However, microbiologists are struggling to isolate and maintain the majority of bacterial strains, as mimicking their native environmental niches adequately can be a challenging task. Here, we report the diversity-driven cultivation, characterization and genome sequencing of 79 bacterial strains from all major taxonomic clades of the conspicuous bacterial phylum Planctomycetes. The samples were derived from different aquatic environments but close relatives could be isolated from geographically distinct regions and structurally diverse habitats, implying that 'everything is everywhere'. With the discovery of lateral budding in 'Kolteria novifilia' and the capability of the members of the Saltatorellus clade to divide by binary fission as well as budding, we identified previously unknown modes of bacterial cell division. Alongside unobserved aspects of cell signalling and small-molecule production, our findings demonstrate that exploration beyond the well-established model organisms has the potential to increase our knowledge of bacterial diversity. We illustrate how 'microbial dark matter' can be accessed by cultivation techniques, expanding the organismic background for small-molecule research and drug-target detection.

Wedding Macroareology of Slavic-Baltic Area

The purpose of the publication is to present an arealogy of the largest groups of typical wedding meloforms (established by their key rhythmic and compositional characteristics), which function in the common multi-ethnic geographical space of Ukrainians, Belarusians, Poles, Lithuanians, and in adjacent Russian regions. The geographical spaces of the listed ethnic groups mean their ethnic territories established at the beginning of the 20th century on linguistic grounds. Late administrative boundaries are not taken into account. The research source was approx. 27,500 melodies compiled from archival and published sources (sound recordings and notations), and registered in the electronic database “The register of ritual melodies of Ukrainians and neighboring ethnic groups” (RRMU+). The main research tools: modeling the syllable-rhythmic formulas, determining the types of arrangement of tunes, combining the models built at the intersection of components into the related typological groups (families), highlighting the key - geographically large-scale - musical forms and their mapping.The article contains 17 melo-geographic maps of iconic type. In the wedding cycle of the outlined territory, more than six dozen stable (typical) musical forms were established, which can be described in one analytical algorithm, since all the forms belong to the class of quantitative (time-measuring) rhythm. 5 tables are attached to the study. They show all the basic rhythmic formulas that serve as the basis for the creation of compositions. The characteristic is given to all the main ways of arranging of wedding melodies: various types of stanzas (classical two-line responsory type, three-line based on indivisible long formulas, original reduced one-and-a-half forms or expanded 4-line ones), several types of tirade (stretchable) forms with an altering number of lines, separate original compositions (forms with rerhythmization, multi-element formulas, a couple of periodicities).The obtained areas showed a complex system of melotypological and geographical ties in the common Slavic-Baltic space. Some of the areas are closed within the Ukrainian ethnic territories (all classical tirade compositions, hetero-rhythmic composition ‹formula-stanza›, mobile composition formulas (usually monotext or with a dominant plot), ritual introductory formulas preceding singing with a triple repetition of a song). The other part of the forms (mostly stanzaic) has multi-ethnic areas (bilingual, trili?gual, four-language) with different geographical vectors. Linguistic boundaries had not prevent spreading of this group of forms. In interethnic relations, the northern vector (Ukrainian-Belarusian relations) is represented by almost two dozen forms. The western vector (Poles, Lithuanians) is represented by nearly 10 rhythmic types. Eastern (Russian) vector is the most closed. Separate general forms extend to the east from the border of the Slavic-Baltic area to a shallow depth (to neighboring areas), while predominantly acquiring distinctive features (for example, special “alilio” refrains).The largest multi-ethnic areas have melodies based on the formulas of the 6-metre (hexachord), the iambic 6/7-syllable, the verse forms V5 + 3, V5 + 5 + 7. These formulas served as material for a diverse compositional development. The total number of varieties based on each model requires the application of the concept of macro-family to each of these groups. The construction of macroareals allows us to clearly outline the external borders of the Slavic-Baltic early traditional area (SBA). The bunch of isomels on the north-eastern border coincides with the Belarusian language border. In the internal division of the SBA, the leading role is played by the conditional vertical division of the area into the western and eastern parts. In the western part (presented in the form of an arc, also covering the northern segment of the SBA – Poozeria (Lakeland)), the three-dimensional organization formulas dominate, and the technique of adding of syllable-chrons is also active. In the eastern zone, the main role is played by the two-dimensional organization formulas (4 and 6-metre), which act in the mode of active syllable-rhythmic division.

STEM-02. GLIOBLASTOMA CANCER STEM CELLS UTILIZE ASYMMETRIC CELL DIVISION TO PROMOTE THERAPEUTIC RESISTANCE

Abstract Asymmetric cell division (ACD) enables the maintenance of a stem cell population while simultaneously generating differentiated progeny. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) undergo multiple modes of cell division during tumor expansion and in response to therapy, yet the functional consequences of these division modes has yet to be determined. Using a fluorescence-based system that reports the mitotic distribution of lipid rafts enriched in cell surface receptors, we found that ACD in glioblastoma CSCs generated a daughter cell with enhanced resistance to radiation and temozolomide. Single-cell analyses using our reporter system revealed that ACD also increased the co-inheritance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), which was validated across four additional glioblastoma CSC models. Stimulation of both receptors maintained self-renewal under differentiation conditions, and stimulation with p75NTR ligands rescued the reduction in STAT3, AKT, and ERK induced by erlotinib-mediated EGFR inhibition. Finally, knockdown of p75NTR enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of EGFR inhibition in vivo. Taken together, our data indicate that co-inheritance of p75NTR and EGFR promotes resistance to EGFR inhibition through a redundant mechanism. Overall, these findings demonstrate that ACD produces progeny with enhanced growth factor receptors, which contributes to the generation of a more therapeutically resistant CSC population, and suggest that ACD needs to be considered in the development of next-generation targeting strategies.

Unconventional Cell Division Cycles from Marine-Derived Yeasts.

Fungi have been found in every marine habitat that has been explored; however, the diversity and functions of fungi in the ocean are poorly understood. In this study, fungi were cultured from the marine environment in the vicinity of Woods Hole, MA, USA, including from plankton, sponge, and coral. Our sampling resulted in 35 unique species across 20 genera. We observed many isolates by time-lapse, differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy and analyzed modes of growth and division. Several black yeasts displayed highly unconventional cell division cycles compared to those of traditional model yeast systems. Black yeasts have been found in habitats inhospitable to other life and are known for halotolerance, virulence, and stress resistance. We find that this group of yeasts also shows remarkable plasticity in terms of cell size control, modes of cell division, and cell polarity. Unexpected behaviors include division through a combination of fission and budding, production of multiple simultaneous buds, and cell division by sequential orthogonal septations. These marine-derived yeasts reveal alternative mechanisms for cell division cycles that seem likely to expand the repertoire of rules established from classic model system yeasts.

Functional analyses of an axonemal inner-arm dynein complex in the bloodstream form of Trypanosoma brucei uncover its essential role in cytokinesis initiation.

The flagellated eukaryote Trypanosoma brucei alternates between the insect vector and the mammalian host and proliferates through an unusual mode of cell division. Cell division requires flagellum motility-generated forces, but flagellum motility exerts distinct effects between different life cycle forms. Motility is required for the final cell abscission of the procyclic form in the insect vector, but is necessary for the initiation of cell division of the bloodstream form in the mammalian host. The underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here we carried out functional analyses of a flagellar axonemal inner-arm dynein complex in the bloodstream form and investigated its mechanistic role in cytokinesis initiation. We showed that the axonemal inner-arm dynein heavy chain TbIAD5-1 and TbCentrin3 form a complex, localize to the flagellum, and are required for viability in the bloodstream form. We further demonstrated the interdependence between TbIAD5-1 and TbCentrin3 for maintenance of protein stability. Finally, we showed that depletion of TbIAD5-1 and TbCentrin3 arrested cytokinesis initiation and disrupted the localization of multiple cytokinesis initiation regulators. These findings identified the essential role of an axonemal inner-arm dynein complex in cell division, and provided molecular insights into the flagellum motility-mediated cytokinesis initiation in the bloodstream form of T. brucei.

An eight-channel wavelength-mode-division (de)multiplexer based on photonic crystals

Abstract With the rapid development of data services, the speed of IP network convergence is accelerating. It is particularly important to expand the capacity of the network. The combination of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and mode division multiplexing (MDM) can double the system capacity and spectral efficiency. In the wavelength-mode-division multiplexing (WMDM) system, the wavelength-mode-division (de)multiplexer is the core device. A wavelength-mode-division (de)multiplexer based on photonic crystals is proposed in this paper. The device is integrated on a photonic crystal chip. According to the time-domain coupled mode theory, the filter is realized by using the structure of point-defect cavity and wavelength-selective reflection cavity. According to the transverse coupled mode theory, the mode conversion is realized by using the asymmetric parallel waveguide (APW). The finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD) is used to analyze the performance of the device. The simulation results show that the device can multiplex and de-multiplex eight channel signals, including TE0, TE1, TE2 and TE3 modes of 1540 nm and 1550 nm. The (de)multiplexer has low insertion loss (

A multiscale mathematical model of cell dynamics during neurogenesis in the mouse cerebral cortex

BackgroundNeurogenesis in the murine cerebral cortex involves the coordinated divisions of two main types of progenitor cells, whose numbers, division modes and cell cycle durations set up the final neuronal output. To understand the respective roles of these factors in the neurogenesis process, we combine experimental in vivo studies with mathematical modeling and numerical simulations of the dynamics of neural progenitor cells. A special focus is put on the population of intermediate progenitors (IPs), a transit amplifying progenitor type critically involved in the size of the final neuron pool.ResultsA multiscale formalism describing IP dynamics allows one to track the progression of cells along the subsequent phases of the cell cycle, as well as the temporal evolution of the different cell numbers. Our model takes into account the dividing apical progenitors (AP) engaged into neurogenesis, both neurogenic and proliferative IPs, and the newborn neurons. The transfer rates from one population to another are subject to the mode of division (proliferative, or neurogenic) and may be time-varying. The model outputs are successfully fitted to experimental cell numbers from mouse embryos at different stages of cortical development, taking into account IPs and neurons, in order to adjust the numerical parameters. We provide additional information on cell kinetics, such as the mitotic and S phase indexes, and neurogenic fraction.ConclusionsApplying the model to a mouse mutant for Ftm/Rpgrip1l, a gene involved in human ciliopathies with severe brain abnormalities, reveals a shortening of the neurogenic period associated with an increased influx of newborn IPs from apical progenitors at mid-neurogenesis. Our model can be used to study other mouse mutants with cortical neurogenesis defects and can be adapted to study the importance of progenitor dynamics in cortical evolution and human diseases.

Flexible Division and Unification Control Strategies for Resilience Enhancement in Networked Microgrids

Networking a series of autonomous microgrids (MGs) is a strategic effort toward the resilience enhancement in extreme conditions. In this paper, flexible division and unification control strategies are proposed to help networked MGs prepare adequately for extreme events and adapt comprehensively to subsequent changing conditions, which enhance the system resilience. According to the proposed strategies, networked MGs can switch between two distinct modes of division and unification by utilizing a sparse communication network without requiring any additional communication infrastructures or controllers. In division mode, each MG is regulated by its local master controllers (MCs) for active power sharing, which ensures that disruptions are handled effectively by local energy resources without utilizing those in adjacent MGs. Thus, any islanding or resynchronization of individual MGs would not introduce further disruptions to the remaining networked system. The proposed control strategies imply that the networked MGs system in division mode is managed in a proactive way to adequately prepare the networked system for extreme events. In the unification mode, the remaining networked MGs, which are still functional, use the proposed algorithm to share all available energy resources and adapt to continuously changing operating conditions in order to respond to extreme events. The proposed control algorithm for devising a flexible networked MGs system is a cost-effective scheme that can fully exploit the system operation flexibility corresponding to different operation stages for enhancing resilience. The proposed control strategies are applied to a networked AC MGs system and the performance is tested using time-domain PSCAD/EMTDC simulations.

A cell size threshold limits cell polarity and asymmetric division potential.

Reaction-diffusion networks underlie pattern formation in a range of biological contexts, from morphogenesis of organisms to the polarisation of individual cells. One requirement for such molecular networks is that output patterns be scaled to system size. At the same time, kinetic properties of constituent molecules constrain the ability of networks to adapt to size changes. Here we explore these constraints and the consequences thereof within the conserved PAR cell polarity network. Using the stem cell-like germ lineage of the C. elegans embryo as a model, we find that the behaviour of PAR proteins fails to scale with cell size. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that this lack of scaling results in a size threshold below which polarity is destabilized, yielding an unpolarized system. In empirically-constrained models, this threshold occurs near the size at which germ lineage cells normally switch between asymmetric and symmetric modes of division. Consistent with cell size limiting polarity and division asymmetry, genetic or physical reduction in germ lineage cell size is sufficient to trigger loss of polarity in normally polarizing cells at predicted size thresholds. Physical limits of polarity networks may be one mechanism by which cells read out geometrical features to inform cell fate decisions.

All-trans retinoic acid therapy induces asymmetric division of glioma stem cells from the U87MG cell line.

The poor therapeutic effect of the current treatments for malignant glioma may be attributed to glioma stem cells (GSCs), which have been demonstrated to divide symmetrically. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced differentiation is considered to target GSCs and has been reported to have the capability of eradicating cancer stem cells in specific malignancies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of ATRA on the division mode of GSCs isolated from the U87MG glioblastoma cell line of unknown origin. The expressions of the GSC markers CD133 and nestin were detected using immunocytochemistry to identify GSCs. In addition, the differentiation potency of these GSCs was observed by detecting the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, β-tubulin III and galactosylceramidase using immunofluorescent staining. The Numb protein distribution was analyzed in two daughter cells following a GSC division. The results of the present study demonstrated that Numb protein is symmetrically segregated into two daughter cells during GSC division. Furthermore, the present study demonstrated that treatment with ATRA increased the asymmetric cell division of GSCs. In conclusion, these results suggest a therapeutic effect from ATRA-induced asymmetric division of GSCs from the U87MG cell line.

The Mode of Stem Cell Division Is Dependent on the Differential Interaction of β-Catenin with the Kat3 Coactivators CBP or p300.

Normal long-term repopulating somatic stem cells (SSCs) preferentially divide asymmetrically, with one daughter cell remaining in the niche and the other going on to be a transient amplifying cell required for generating new tissue in homeostatic maintenance and repair processes, whereas cancer stem cells (CSCs) favor symmetric divisions. We have previously proposed that differential β-catenin modulation of transcriptional activity via selective interaction with either the Kat3 coactivator CBP or its closely related paralog p300, regulates symmetric versus asymmetric division in SSCs and CSCs. We have previously demonstrated that SSCs that divide asymmetrically per force retain one of the dividing daughter cells in the stem cell niche, even when treated with specific CBP/β-catenin antagonists, whereas CSCs can be removed from their niche via forced stochastic symmetric differentiative divisions. We now demonstrate that loss of p73 in early corticogenesis biases β-catenin Kat3 coactivator usage and enhances β-catenin/CBP transcription at the expense of β-catenin/p300 transcription. Biased β-catenin coactivator usage has dramatic consequences on the mode of division of neural stem cells (NSCs), but not neurogenic progenitors. The observed increase in symmetric divisions due to enhanced β-catenin/CBP interaction and transcription leads to an immediate increase in NSC symmetric differentiative divisions. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time that the complex phenotype caused by the loss of p73 can be rescued in utero by treatment with the small-molecule-specific CBP/β-catenin antagonist ICG-001. Taken together, our results demonstrate the causal relationship between the choice of β-catenin Kat3 coactivator and the mode of stem cell division.

TUSC7 suppression of Notch activation through sponging MiR-146 recapitulated the asymmetric cell division in lung adenocarcinoma stem cells

AimsLung adenocarcinoma consists of multiple therapeutic targets, however, patients will inevitably progress to later stage diagnosis with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor treatment resistance. We aim to investigate the roles of non-coding TUSC7 in ordering the cell division tendency, helping to sensitize the resistance in a miRNA incorporating way. Materials and methodsOnline study of bioinformatics analysis, molecular experiments of luciferase test, immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR were applied to dig out the mechanistic regulations. Key findingsTUSC-7 inhibited the renewal ability of adenocarcinoma stem cells, yielding to asymmetric cell splitting. Informatics analysis and the luciferase testing confirmed the 3′UTR binding site, and revealed the post-transcriptional regulation of NUMB referring to miR-146. TUSC-7 sponged miR-146 and abolished its degradation toward to NUMB, and this integrated cascade made several genes become tangled to full functionality. SignificanceTUSC-7 was proved to be one strong suppressive lnc-RNA in lung adenocarcinoma stem cells, functioning through inactivating NOTCH signaling, and the turbulence on division modes precisely pointed to the key mechanisms of stem cells' renewal. The decreasing of tumor suppressive miR-146 was necessary in TUSC-7 conducted renewal repression, despite it alone could also reduce the renewal efficiency, indicating that more complicated non-coding genes may be involved in its regulation.

Two-core fiber-based mode converter and mode demultiplexer

Multicore fibers and few-mode fibers are potential candidates for achieving high-capacity space division multiplexing and mode division multiplexing (MDM) systems. Mode converters are an essential part of any MDM for effectively launching light into the desired mode. Fiber-based mode converters will be more useful than bulk converters because of their compatibility and ease of use. In this contribution, a two-core fiber-based mode converter design is proposed that can effectively convert the fundamental LP01 mode into the LP11 mode by mode coupling. This device can also be used as a demultiplexer in the reverse operation. Such a mode converter can be fabricated by heating a piece of two-core fiber with the thermally diffused core technique. This leads to the diffusion of dopants into the cladding, resulting in an expanded core giving power coupling between the cores. The conversion efficiency of this converter is −0.5  dB at the optimum value. This all-fiber mode converter ensures an extinction ratio of more than 30 dB over 45 nm wavelength, which covers the entire C band. The robustness of the proposed design is analyzed by evaluating the effect of changes in design parameters on the conversion efficiency and extinction ratios.

Mathematical Modeling of the Size-structured Growth of Microalgae Dividing by Multiple Fission

A novel mathematical model to simulate the size-structured growth of microalgal strains dividing by multiple fission is proposed. The model is validated by comparison with literature experimental data. Then, the implications of such division mode on crucial aspects of microalgae cultivation and processing, such as time for steady state achievement, biomass productivity and flocculant dosage, were assessed through proper numerical simulations. The model well captured the experimental results and thus represents a suitable tool for the simulation of the growth of microalgae strains dividing by multiple fission.

Pattern of cell division in ∼3.4 Ga-old microbes from South Africa

In cell division, most microbes rely on binary fission. Some, however, show less common division patterns, such as multiple fission or budding. Little is known about the nature of cell division in the Earth’s earliest fossil microbes, largely because of their poor preservation, but such details could be key in establishing the biogenicity of putative Archean fossils and their relationships to modern microbes. In this report we describe cellularly preserved microfossils from Paleoarchean (∼3.4-Ga-old) deposits of South Africa (Kromberg Formation). Their cellularity is revealed by well-preserved reproduction patterns exemplified by binary (symmetrical and asymmetrical) and multiple (coupled and/or sequential) cell fission. Although no clues concerning physiology or affinity of the studied cells can be drawn basing on their division mode, the identified reproductive patterns link them particularly closely with coccoidal microbes classified within the cyanobacterial group Pleurocapsales.

Asymmetric Division Promotes Therapeutic Resistance in Glioblastoma Stem Cells

Asymmetric cell division (ACD) enables the maintenance of a stem cell population while simultaneously generating differentiated progeny. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) undergo multiple modes of cell division during tumor expansion and in response to therapy, yet the functional consequences of these division modes remain to be determined. Using a fluorescent reporter for cell surface receptor distribution during mitosis, we found that ACD in glioblastoma CSCs generated a daughter cell with enhanced therapeutic resistance and increased co-inheritance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). Stimulation of both receptors maintained self-renewal under differentiation conditions. While p75NTR knockdown did not compromise CSC maintenance, therapeutic efficacy of EGFR inhibition was enhanced, indicating that co-inheritance of p75NTR and EGFR promotes resistance to EGFR inhibition through a redundant mechanism. These data demonstrate that ACD produces progeny with co-enriched growth factor receptors, which contributes to the generation of a more therapeutically resistant CSC population.

Timing the spinal cord development with neural progenitor cells losing their proliferative capacity: a theoretical analysis

In the developing neural tube in chicken and mammals, neural stem cells proliferate and differentiate according to a stereotyped spatiotemporal pattern. Several actors have been identified in the control of this process, from tissue-scale morphogens patterning to intrinsic determinants in neural progenitor cells. In a previous study (Bonnet et al. eLife 7, 2018), we have shown that the CDC25B phosphatase promotes the transition from proliferation to differentiation by stimulating neurogenic divisions, suggesting that it acts as a maturating factor for neural progenitors. In this previous study, we set up a mathematical model linking fixed progenitor modes of division to the dynamics of progenitors and differentiated populations. Here, we extend this model over time to propose a complete dynamical picture of this process. We start from the standard paradigm that progenitors are homogeneous and can perform any type of divisions (proliferative division yielding two progenitors, asymmetric neurogenic divisions yielding one progenitor and one neuron, and terminal symmetric divisions yielding two neurons). We calibrate this model using data published by Saade et al. (Cell Reports 4, 2013) about mode of divisions and population dynamics of progenitors/neurons at different developmental stages. Next, we explore the scenarios in which the progenitor population is actually split into two different pools, one of which is composed of cells that have lost the capacity to perform proliferative divisions. The scenario in which asymmetric neurogenic division would induce such a loss of proliferative capacity appears very relevant.