Mode Of Agricultural Production Research Articles

The synergy effect of agricultural dual-scale management on farmers' income: evidence from rural China

PurposeThis study aims to estimate the synergy effect of agricultural dual-scale management (ADM) on farmers' total household income, its heterogeneous effects and its mechanisms.Design/methodology/approachThis study constructs a theoretical analysis framework based on the division of labor and synergy theory, empirically assesses the impact of ADM on farmers' income, and further discusses the heterogeneity and mechanisms using the propensity score matching (PSM) and quantile treatment effect (QTE) models. Data is collected from 1,076 households across 4 cities in Liaoning Province of China in 2021.FindingsADM can improve the total household income of farmers, and the impact force is greater than that of the single-scale management mode. ADM is more conducive to improving the income of farmers with low income and low labor endowment. Moreover, ADM can improve agriculture production efficiency, increase net grain production income. Nevertheless, it has no significant effect on farmers' off-farm employment income.Originality/valuePrevious studies have mainly focused on the income effect of land scale management or service scale management. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to identify the synergy effect of ADM on farmers' income in China. It provides new insights into the process of agricultural production and management mode transitions in rural China.

Research Progress in Facility Agriculture and Lighting by Bibliometric Analysis Based on CiteSpace

Given the pressures of internation-al market competition, the dual constraints of domestic resources and the environment, and the uncertainties posed by climate change, bolstering agricultural infra-structure construction is a realistic demand and a crucial approach for implementing emerging grain security strat-egies, particularly in developing countries. Facility agriculture is characterized as a modern agricultural production mode that improves or creates favorable environmental conditions within a specific locality. With the rapid expansion of large-scale facility agriculture, there has been an increased demand for various types of energy, including electricity, gas, cold, and heat. Agricultural lighting equipment used in facility agriculture is a modern agricultural technique that applies engineering technology to regulate light supplementation in the production process. Facility lighting offers several advantages over traditional methods, such as higher photovoltaic conversion efficiency, adjustable spectrum, high photosynthetic efficiency, energy efficiency, environmental friendliness, long lifespan, monochromatic light, cold light source, and compact size. Promoting national food security, carbon neutrality, returning farmland to forests, and implementing low-carbon green agricultural policies all contribute to the favorable use of facility agriculture lighting. This study aims to provide a systematic summary of the relevant research conducted in the past decade using Citespace software. The advantage of facility agriculture for carbon sequestration capacity can effectively reduce net carbon emissions from facility agricultural production activities. In addition, the combination of agriculture and the Internet of Things can effectively improve agricultural production efficiency and economic returns. Combining artificial intelligence and other technologies with facility agriculture engineering, based on multi-source data fusion, intelligent early warning for facility agriculture energy internet can be used to prevent agricultural meteorological disasters. More importantly, it helps maintain global food security, eliminate hunger, and reduce economic inequality. The findings of this study will contribute to a deeper understanding of agricultural lighting equipment, serving as a new theoretical foundation for achieving agricultural emission reduction targets and promoting agricultural technical cooperation.

Measurement of Agricultural Eco-Efficiency and Analysis of Its Influencing Factors: Insights from 44 Agricultural Counties in Liaoning Province

Agricultural eco-efficiency (AEE) considers economic and environmental benefits and is a key indicator of green agricultural development. To achieve the multiple goals of improving agricultural production efficiency, reducing agricultural environmental damage, and reducing the input of agricultural resources, this study enriches the case study of agricultural production performance evaluation at the county level by measuring the AEE of 44 agricultural counties in Liaoning Province based on panel data and a super-efficient slacks-based measure model including undesired outputs. A two-way fixed-effects model was used to analyze the impact of agricultural development, macro-environment, and policy support on AEE. We found that the average AEE of the counties in Liaoning Province in 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020 was 0.716, 0.735, 0.749, and 0.813, respectively, indicating a cumulative improvement rate of 13.55%. The average AEE levels gradually improved during the study period. Notably, the development of AEE among the counties was uneven. AEE was distributed in a “block-like” manner, and its local correlation presents a phenomenon of “small agglomeration and large dispersion”. In addition, the level of the agricultural economy, industrialization, and urbanization significantly promoted the improvement of AEE, and the promoting effects varied between different income levels and regions. Therefore, Liaoning Province needs to improve the AEE of each county according to local conditions and narrow the differences in AEE between counties. To continuously improve the level of rural economic development, lead the development of agricultural modernization with new urbanization, and comprehensively improve the overall AEE of counties. The research results are of guiding significance for deepening the study of AEE and can provide decision-making support for optimizing the mode of agricultural production and promoting the green development of regional agriculture.

A deep learning-based algorithm for crop Disease identification positioning using computer vision

Food security is fundamental to a country. As the main risk factors, pests and diseases seriously restrict the normal growth of crops and the quality and safety of agricultural products. With the intensification of climate change and the continuous adjustment of farming methods, crop diseases and pests have become more frequent in recent years. Therefore, the agricultural production mode has gradually moved from family production to large-scale agricultural planting, and the production equipment has become more automated and intelligent. Agricultural intelligent robots can reduce labor costs in the process of agricultural production and improve the standardization of agricultural production. The application of computer vision in agriculture is rapidly becoming an important aspect of modern agricultural technology, especially in crop positioning and management. Through the use of advanced image processing algorithms and pattern recognition technology, computer vision systems are able to accurately identify and locate various crops in the field, enabling automated and precise management. This technology shows great potential for crop health monitoring, pest identification, and maturity assessment. For example, by analyzing images of plants, computer vision systems can spot signs of lesions or nutrient deficiencies in time and guide farmers to treat them accordingly. In addition, this technology can also be used to guide automated agricultural machinery, such as driverless tractors and harvesters, to improve the efficiency of crop harvesting and reduce labor costs. In general, the combination of computer vision and crops provides new technical means for the development of modern precision agriculture, which helps to improve the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural production.

Ecological performance of an integrated ex-situ rice-fish co-culture system

Rice-fish co-culture system (RFCS) is an eco-friendly agricultural mode, but traditional RFCS has revealed many deficiencies. In this study, we constructed a new system of ex-situ rice-fish co-culture (ESRF) and evaluated its performance in ecological advantages. Chemical environmental factors, plankton and microorganisms, as well as ecology and economic benefits, were analyzed in the ESRF system. Results showed that 23.6% fertilizer and 47.5% water were saved in ESRF compared with rice monoculture. After wastewater in the fish ponds flowed through the paddy fields, the concentrations of TN, TP, CODMn, NH4+-N, NO2−-N and DIP decreased 72.78%, 63.81%, 53.32%, 45.54%, 51.31% and 44.05%, respectively through the absorption by rice. The phytoplankton abundance of cyanobacteria in wastewater, mainly Microcystis and Merismopedia tenuissima decreased significantly in ESRF system in July. Rotifer was the most dominant zooplankton in all samples and its abundance decreased significantly in ESRF system. After the aquaculture wastewater flowed through the paddy fields, the relative abundance of several bacteria with the ability of transforming nitrogen and phosphorus increased, such as Vogesella, Comamonadaceae, Flavobacterium, Sphingobium, Brevundimonas and Sphingomonas. These results suggest that ESRF is an eco-friendly and economical agricultural production mode and worthy of application in agriculture production.

Research Progress on Soil Carbon Sequestration in Dry Farmland

Dry farming is a kind of agricultural production mode widely existed in the world, and its soil carbon sequestration potential has attracted much attention. The paper discussed the influencing factors, carbon sequestration process and effect of soil carbon sequestration in dryland farmland. It was concluded that protective tillage measures such as application of organic fertilizer, no-tillage, deep tillage and straw returning could increase the carbon sequestration in surface dryland soil, biodegradable film mulching could promote soil organic carbon fixation, and rational arrangement of crops could improve soil carbon sequestration capacity.

Birth in the U.S. Plantation South and Racial Differences in all-cause mortality in later life

The American South has been characterized as a Stroke Belt due to high cardiovascular mortality. We examine whether mortality rates and race differences in rates reflect birthplace exposure to Jim Crow-era inequalities associated with the Plantation South. The plantation mode of agricultural production was widespread through the 1950s when older adults of today, if exposed, were children. We use proportional hazards models to estimate all-cause mortality in Non-Hispanic Black and White birth cohorts (1920–1954) in a sample (N = 21,941) drawn from REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS), a national study designed to investigate Stroke Belt risk. We link REGARDS data to two U.S. Plantation Censuses (1916, 1948) to develop county-level measures that capture the geographic overlap between the Stroke Belt, two subregions of the Plantation South, and a non-Plantation South subregion. Additionally, we examine the life course timing of geographic exposure: at birth, adulthood (survey enrollment baseline), neither, or both portions of life. We find mortality hazard rates higher for Black compared to White participants, regardless of birthplace, and for the southern-born compared to those not southern-born, regardless of race. Race-specific models adjusting for adult Stroke Belt residence find birthplace-mortality associations fully attenuated among White—except in one of two Plantation South subregions—but not among Black participants. Mortality hazard rates are highest among Black and White participants born in this one Plantation South subregion. The Black-White mortality differential is largest in this birthplace subregion as well. In this subregion, the legacy of pre-Civil War plantation production under enslavement was followed by high-productivity plantation farming under the southern Sharecropping System.

A review on basic theory and technology of agricultural energy internet

AbstractIn the context of modern agricultural production mode and domestic energy consumption, profound changes have taken place in agricultural and rural energy consumption, resulting in the demand for new technology development in various sectors of source, network, and load in rural energy systems. Agricultural energy internet (AEI) has promoted the development of renewable energy and agricultural electrification in villages. The construction of the AEI is crucial for achieving the synergistic development of agriculture, energy, and environment. The basic theory and key technologies of AEI are investigated and the prospects for the direction of agricultural energy technology are conducted. The research investigation shows that the AEI framework proposed by China Agricultural University is of great significance for realizing agricultural electrification and reducing agricultural carbon emissions. The article describes in detail the key data and characteristics of agricultural electrification loads. Digital twin technology and virtual power plant technology will be crucial to the construction of advanced AEI.

Dominant Modes of Agricultural Production Helped Structure Initial COVID-19 Spread in the U.S. Midwest

The spread of COVID-19 is geographically uneven in agricultural regions. Explanations proposed include differences in occupational risks, access to healthcare, racial inequalities, and approaches to public health. Here, we additionally explore the impacts of coexisting modes of agricultural production across counties from twelve midwestern U.S. states. In modeling COVID-19 spread before vaccine authorization, we employed and extended spatial statistical methods that make different assumptions about the natures and scales of underlying sociospatial processes. In the process, we also develop a novel approach to visualizing the results of geographically weighted regressions that allows us to identify distinctive regional regimes of epidemiological processes. Our approaches allowed for models using abstract spatial weights (e.g., inverse-squared distances) to be meaningfully improved by also integrating process-specific relations (e.g., the geographical relations of the food system or of commuting). We thus contribute in several ways to methods in health geography and epidemiology for identifying contextually sensitive public engagements in socio-eco-epidemiological issues. Our results further show that agricultural modes of production are associated with the spread of COVID-19, with counties more engaged in modes of regenerative agricultural production having lower COVID-19 rates than those dominated by modes of conventional agricultural production, even when accounting for other factors.

The resilience and viability of farmers markets in the United States as an alternative food network: case studies from Michigan during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This paper examines the resilience of farmers markets in Michigan to the system shock of the global COVID-19 pandemic, questioning how the response fits into market goals of food sovereignty. Adapting to shifting public health recommendations and uncertainty, managers implemented new policies to create a safe shopping experience and expand food access. As consumers directed their shopping to farmers markets looking for safer outdoor shopping, local products, and foods in short supply at grocery stores, market sales skyrocketed with vendors reporting selling more than ever before, but the longevity of this change remains unclear. Our data collected via semi-structured interviews with market managers and vendors, and survey data from customers from 2020 to 21, suggest that despite the widespread impact of COVID-19, there is not sufficient evidence consumers will continue to shop at farmers markets at the rates they did in 2020-21. Furthermore, reasons consumers flocked to farmers markets do not align with market priorities for increased food sovereignty, as increased sales alone are not a sufficient driver for this goal. We question how markets can contribute to broader sustainability goals or serve as alternatives to capitalist and industrial modes of agricultural production, problematizing the role of markets in the food sovereignty movement.

Устойчивое развитие АПК Волгоградской области в условиях цифровой трансформации

The sustainable development of the agricultural sector of regional economy is directly connected with the level of its innovative and digital development, which, in turn, mediates the readiness of the regional agro-industrial complex for digital transformation and transition to a fundamentally different technological mode of agricultural production. This paper presents the results of theoretical, scientific, and practical analysis of sustainable growth conditions of the regional agro-industrial complex by means of development of digital technologies and the level of innovative development. The research is based on the author’s concept of the interdependence of digital technologies’ use with the achievement of positive dynamics of the main indices of agricultural production in the region. The paper presents for discussion of the scientific community an original mathematical model of sustainable growth dependence of the agricultural sector of the regional economy on digital development index (DDI). The purpose of this study is a theoretical, scientific, and practical understanding of the use of the scientific and technical potential of agrarian economy of the region for the introduction of digital and innovative technologies in agricultural production in the context of overcoming the economic crisis that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic and the return of the agro-industrial complex of the region to sustainable growth under Western sanctions. The result of this analysis, according to the authors, should be conclusions about the admissibility of scientific generalizations in the field of economic feasibility and the lack of alternatives to the use of digital technologies as a driver of sustainable development of the regional agro-industrial complex under the sanction’s pressure and overcoming the consequences of the COVID crisis. The results of the work can be used in the concept of sustainable development of the agrarian economy of the region, depending on development level of existing and promising digital ecosystems built on the domestic element base and Russian software use through the Digital Development Index (DDI), defined as a set of the given indices of digital and innovative infrastructure of the industry.

Productivity model and experiment of field crop spraying by plant protection unmanned aircraft.

Traditional agricultural production requires numerous human and material resources; however, agricultural production efficiency is low. The successful development of plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has changed the operation mode of traditional agricultural production, saving human, material, and financial resources and significantly improving production efficiency. To summarize the process of improving the productivity of plant protection UAVs, this study established a productivity calculation model of UAVs based on the time composition of the UAV agricultural plant protection process, including spraying, turning, replenishment, and transfer times. The time required for the unmanned aircraft application process was counted through years of tracking the application process of eight different plant protection unmanned aircraft. Plot lengths of 100, 300, 500, 700, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, 2,500, 3,000, and 3,500 m were established to calculate the theoretical productivity. The results showed that the productivity of different types of plant protection UAVs increased with an increase in plot length in the range of 100 to 1,500 m; however, when the plot length reached a certain value, the productivity growth rate slowed down or even decreased slightly. Simultaneously, based on the working area per 10,000 mu, the recommended plot length and the number of configured models for different models were recommended. If the plant protection UAV was distinguished by electric and oil power, the time utilization rate of electric plant protection UAVs was 72.7%, and the labor productivity was 56.4 mu/person·h. In contrast, the time utilization rate of the heavy load oil-powered plant protection unmanned aircraft was 86%, and the labor productivity was 63.5 mu/person ·h. This study can support plant protection UAV enterprises to optimize equipment efficiency, provide evaluation methods for the operation efficiency assessment of plant protection UAVs, provide a reference for the selection of plant protection UAVs, and provide a basis for field planning.

Outlook on Mozambique’s Agribusiness as a Driving Force for Family Farmers

Family farming is the predominant mode of agricultural production in the world and in Mozambique, producing food, preserving traditional food systems, contributing to a balanced diet, and safeguarding the world’s agro-biodiversity. Micro and family farms have the potential to deal with the complex set of challenges faced in the region, if they are provided with the necessary support, such as agri-technology assistance, infrastructures, and organizational development, to boost local economies and lift communities out of poverty. The present review aimed at showing whether, and to what extent, services of entrepreneurial value could be provided by agrarian incubators to nurture small farmers, namely youngsters and women, to meet market requirements and make a living in the agriculture sector. The focus was on the clarification of the question to what extent smallholder farmers are currently educated at professional schools on how to become successfully self-employed. The answer to this question is needed to outline the current mismatch between vocational agriculture education of farmers and actual market requirements. It was evident that farmers are not educated to successfully meet market requirements and that agriculture incubators considering investment in agribusiness, could be a promising alternative or useful addition for farmers’ vocational preparation. Incubators provides suitable plans for market technologies with agritech start-ups delivering state-of-the-art means to motivate local adaptation, and use, of sustainable practices. There is the need to investigate how to maintain and improve family farmers’ organizations, creating vibrant and inclusive rural societies, while increasing agricultural output with product quality and safety.

Learning from parents and friends: The influence of intergenerational effect and peer effect on farmers' straw return

Straw returning to the field is considered a sustainable agricultural production mode that can be applied on a large scale. However, Straw returning to the field of Chinese farmers has the characteristics of “high willingness, low behavior”. Based on the survey data of 540 farmers in the main rice-producing areas of Sichuan Province, from the perspective of the social network, this study theoretically analyzed the impact of the two most important roles in the farmers' social network - parents and friends, that is, intergenerational effect and peer effect on farmers' straw returning. The probit model was used for empirical testing, and further discussed the difference between the two effects under different natural resource endowment constraints. The results showed that: (1) Among the sample farmers, 61.5% of them used straw returning. (2) The intergenerational effect has an inhibitory effect on the straw returning to the field, and the peer effect has a promoting effect on the straw returning to the field, and the effect of the peer effect is greater than that of the intergenerational effect. (3) Under the constraints of natural resource endowments such as land topography, land area, and home location, the influence of generational effect and peer effect on straw return was different for different farmers. The findings of the study can help improve the policy of integrated straw utilization and promote cleaner rice production.

基于能值分析评估现代农牧循环系统的构建与优化

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于能值分析评估现代农牧循环系统的构建与优化 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202112133528 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20190169);苏州市社会科学基金项目(决策咨询类)(J2022LX007);苏州市科技计划项目(ST202228) Evaluation on construction and optimization of modern agro-pastoral circular system based on emergy analysis Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK20190169); The Social Science Foundation of Suzhou City (Grant No. J2022LX007); Science and Technology Planning Project of Suzhou City (Grant No. ST202228) 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:发展现代循环农业有助于推动农业生产方式高质量转型,是实现农业可持续发展的重要路径之一。但生产经营者在构建循环农业系统的过程中,因缺乏精确的参数测算,常存在投入产出不明、循环效率偏低、整体评估缺乏等问题,导致现代循环农业系统的物能高效运转面临阻碍。以江苏省太仓市东林村的现代农牧循环系统为对象,在四维时空尺度上界定系统边界并绘制能流图,全面梳理了案例系统全年运转过程中的投入与产出项目。现代"草-羊-田"农牧循环全系统由粮食种植、饲料加工、湖羊养殖与羊粪堆肥4个亚系统构成。通过模拟亚系统逐步结合、系统循环与优化调控的演进过程,采用能值分析方法对农牧系统不同构建阶段的亚系统与全系统的能值投入产出和结构进行定量评估与对比研究。结果表明,在农牧系统产业链逐步构建直至循环生产的过程中,全系统的总能值投入随各亚系统的扩增而有明显增加,系统的物能内部流通率逐渐升高。随后,以废弃物的系统内部消纳为目标,通过强化亚系统间的耦合对现状循环进行优化调控,系统所需的总能值投入有大幅减少,且各亚系统对本地资源的利用程度有明显提升。实证研究定量评估了现代农牧循环系统构建与优化过程中的能值投入与资源利用状况,为系统的高效循环运行提供参数支持,可为循环农业系统的科学构建与模式的复制推广提供精准指导。 Abstract:Developing modern circular agriculture is helpful to promote the high-quality transformation of agricultural production mode in China, which is one of the important ways to realize agricultural sustainable development. However, when the agricultural production operators applied the circular agriculture model to the particular system construction, there often occurred problems such as unknown input and output, low circulation efficiency and lack of overall evaluation, which led to obstacles for the efficient operation and material-energy utilization of modern circular agriculture systems. In this study, the modern "straw-sheep-cropland" agro-pastoral circular system of Donglin Village in Jiangsu Province was selected as the research object, due to its typical representativeness in the research of modern circular agriculture. The whole system consisted of 4 subsystems as cereal cropping, feed producing, sheep raising and manure composting. On the four-dimensional spatial-temporal scale, the system boundary was defined by drawing the emergy flow diagram. Hence the input and output items of the case system were comprehensively sorted out covering the entire year operation. On this basis, aiming to simulate the gradual progress of subsystems combination, system circulation and optimal regulation, 4 development stages were set as the separate cropping and raising, the connective cropping and raising (by producing or composting), the present circular, and the optimized circular. Then, the emergy input-output and structure of subsystems along with the whole system in different stages were quantitatively evaluated and comparatively studied by emergy analysis. The results showed that the gross emergy input of the feed production subsystem was the largest among 4 subsystems at the present circular stage, as its designed production scale needed a large amount of corresponding resources such as purchased straw to be invested. Meanwhile, unit emergy value of mutton from the sheep raising subsystem was the highest due to its role of consumer in the ecosystem. During the gradual process of constructing the industrial chain of the agro-pastoral system step by step until circulating production, the gross emergy input of the whole system increased obviously with the augmentation of subsystems, so did the internal circulation rate of material-energy with the development of the system construction. Subsequently, targeted at intra-system absorption of waste, the present circular system was optimally regulated by strengthening the coupling level between subsystems. At the optimized circular stage, system required lower gross emergy input and consumed less external economic resource, which demonstrated a better low emergy consumption characteristic. And the recycling of planting and breeding waste as well as self-sustaining production within the system resulted in significant enhancement of local resources utilization degree in each subsystem. In the meantime, unit emergy values of effective products and by-products produced at this stage all increased, which was mainly on account of the higher emergy level for driving the circulating operation of the system by adding extra material, energy and information. This study quantitatively evaluated emergy input and resource utilization during the construction and optimization process of modern agro-pastoral circular system based on empirical study, which could not only provide parameter support for efficient circulating operation of the system, but also supply accurate guidance for scientific system construction and replicated model promotion of circular agriculture. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Smart Sales Empower Small Farmers: An Integrated Matching Method between Suppliers and Consumers Based on the Information Axiom

Small farmers’ sustainable development has important significance for narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas and hastening the promotion of general prosperity in China. Currently, China still has 240 million small farmers. The sale of agricultural products is an important source of their income. Constrained by their small scale, lack of capital, and technology, small farmers often have to adopt a household operation mode. This decentralized agricultural production and operation mode results in significant difficulties for small farmers to benefit from planting and selling agricultural products. Many efforts have been made to help them, such as establishing agricultural product information platforms that can provide supply and demand information to facilitate small farmers’ sales. However, imbalances between suppliers and consumers and cross-regional transaction difficulties still exist. To promote the sustainable development of small farmers, this study develops an intelligent matching method for the transaction of agricultural products between suppliers and consumers. Firstly, a unique attribute set for agricultural products was established. Because most agricultural products are fresh, perishable, and not easily preserved, the general attributes (brand, logistics distance, product grade, and price) of commodities and the specific attributes (freshness, maturity, product certification, seasonal products, place of origin, and product safety) of agricultural products were taken into account. Secondly, by combining fuzzy mathematics with the information axiom, improved amount of information calculation methods for both quantitative and qualitative attributes were put forward. Thirdly, based on the amount of information about all attributes and with the goal of maximizing the transaction-matching degree for both the supplier and consumer, a multiobjective optimization model was proposed. Finally, the effectiveness and accuracy of the method were verified through a case study. In order to solve the dilemma of small farmers, this study proposes an integrated matching method for agricultural product transactions based on the information axiom. Through case verification, this method has good feasibility and effectiveness. It has broad application prospects which can be applied to information portals, e-commerce platforms, and other fields. The application of this method can empower small farmers’ capabilities, facilitate agricultural product sales, and promote small farmers’ sustainable development.

Regeneration pattern and genome-wide transcription profile of rhizome axillary buds after perennial rice harvest.

Perennial rice is a new type of rice that allows the harvest of rice for multiple years without growing new seedlings annually. This technology represents a green and sustainable agricultural production mode with many advantages for balancing agricultural ecology and food security. However, the differences in regeneration patterns between perennial and annual rice and the gene regulatory pathways of the apical dominance in axillary bud growth after harvest in perennial rice are still unclear. In this study, perennial rice (PR23) and annual rice (Chugeng28) were used to investigate axillary bud growth patterns before and after apical spike removal. After elimination of apical dominance at different development stages, perennial rice rhizome axillary buds at the compression nodes germinated more rapidly than others and developed into new seedlings. The axillary buds at the high-position nodes in annual rice grew faster than those at other nodes. Furthermore, the global gene expression patterns of PR23 rhizome buds at compression nodes grown for 1, 3, 4, and 5 days after apical spike removal were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. Compared with the control buds without apical removal, 264, 3,484, 2,095, and 3,398 genes were up-regulated, and 674, 3,484, 1,594, and 1,824 genes were down-regulated in the buds grown for 1, 3, 4, and 5 days after apical spike removal, respectively. Trend analysis of the expressed genes at different time points was performed and co-expression network was constructed to identify key genes in rhizome axillary bud regrowth. The results showed that 85 hub genes involved in 12 co-regulatory networks were mainly enriched in the light system, photosynthesis-antenna protein, plant hormone signal transduction, ABC transporter and metabolic pathways, which suggested that hormone and photosynthetic signals might play important roles in the regulation of rhizome axillary bud regeneration in perennial rice. Overall, this study clarified the differences in the regeneration patterns of axillary buds between perennial and annual rice and provided insight into the complex regulatory networks during the regeneration of rhizome axillary buds in perennial rice.

Thinking and Exploration of Urban Horticulture under Modern Agriculture Background

Nowadays, with the rapid development of urbanization, the traditional agricultural production and development mode has long been unable to meet people's needs for all aspects of agriculture. Compared with the traditional agriculture in the past, modern agriculture is an expression of the latest development form of agriculture. And urban horticulture, as an important part of modern agriculture, is produced with the rapid development of urbanization and industrial modernization, and is an inevitable product of the development of social and economic level to a certain height. Especially with the increasing pressure of work and life in the city, the citizens need more and more important for green and leisure, and the role of urban gardening in urban life is more and more obvious. In this context, this paper will combine urban horticulture with the development theory of modern agriculture, facilities production technology and industrialization management mode as a background. Based on the connotation of urban horticulture, combined with examples, we analyze the development mode and characteristics of urban horticulture, and actively explore the development prospects and countermeasures of urban horticulture in the future.

Study on Landscape Design Strategy of Leisure Space of Mulberry Fish Pond in Shunde

As a local traditional agricultural production mode, the agricultural system of Mulberry Fish Pond in Pearl River Delta has local characteristics and Lingnan style. During the socialist construction period and the rural revitalization, it should be activated and protected because of its outstanding agricultural and cultural heritage value. By analyzing the problems faced by Mulberry Fish Pond at present, this paper puts forward the design method of leisure space of Mulberry Fish Pond by narrative design, and constructs a complete design method, which provides new ideas for future leisure space design of Mulberry Fish Pond, thus enriching its functions and space content while keeping the basic characteristics of Mulberry Fish Pond unchanged.

Does Digital Transformation Promote Agricultural Carbon Productivity in China?

Against the background of global climate change and the rapid rise of the digital economy, the digital transformation of agriculture is profoundly changing the agricultural production and operation mode with the help of digital technology, becoming a new driving force for low-carbon and sustainable development of agriculture. However, previous studies rarely examined the impact of agricultural digital transformation on agricultural low-carbon transformation from the perspective of carbon productivity. To fill this gap, this study attempts to build a theoretical analysis framework for the impact of agricultural digital transformation on agricultural carbon productivity (ACP). By using a set of panel data from 30 provinces (cities) in China from 2011 to 2019, this study explores the impact of agricultural digital transformation on ACP, as well as its conduction mechanism and the non-linear mechanism. Empirical results show that the transformation of agricultural digitalization is conducive to the promotion of ACP. A series of robustness analyses support this conclusion. The main transmission mechanisms for digital transformation to affect ACP include agricultural industrial structure upgrading, and the agricultural scale operation. In addition, with the improvement of urbanization level and rural human capital, the impact of agricultural digital transformation on ACP presents a “U” type non-linear feature of inhibition first and promotion later. Furtherly, heterogeneity analysis shows that the impact of digital transformation on ACP will vary greatly depending on the levels of ACP, the geographical location of the studied area and whether it is a main grain-producing area. This study provides a theoretical and empirical basis for the improvement of China’s agricultural carbon productivity from the perspective of the digital economy.