Modern Design Research Articles

Recycling building materials in modern architecture

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical concepts and practical experience in the field of recycling building materials in architecture, and examples of successfully implemented projects are considered. The article formulates the basic principles of recycling building materials.

AN IN-DEPTH EXPLORATION OF BHIL ART-INSPIRED DESIGN IN CONTEMPORARY TEXTILE PRODUCTS

Known for the intricate motifs, vibrant colors, and deep cultural symbolism, Bhil art is the cultural heritage of the Bhil tribe in India. This paper presents an in-depth study of Bhil art- inspired designs in contemporary textile products. The study also explores the adaptation of traditional artistic elements into modern textile design, exploring the synergy between heritage and innovation. Emphasizing a qualitative approach, the research delves into the cultural nuances embedded in Bhil artistry and examines how these elements are translated into textile products through innovative design methodologies. The focus of the paper is to contribute to the discourse on the preservation of cultural heritage in the context of evolving design practices. This study not only sheds light on the artistic evolution but also addresses the ethical considerations and challenges in preserving the authenticity of Bhil culture amidst modern design processes. The primary findings contribute to a full consideration of the active chemistry between cultural heritage and the ever-evolving area of textile product design.

NEURAL NETWORKS IN ARCHITECTURE: FROM IDEA TO IMPLEMENTATION

Problem Statement. In the modern design process, advanced technologies are increasingly being utilized to create complex and innovative architectural projects. Neural networks play a crucial role in the development of automated image generation methods in the architectural field, considering various styles, forms, and textures. However, despite the rapid advancement of these technologies, there are significant issues hindering their full integration into architectural practice. Generating beautiful concept images using neural networks remains far from realization. These images may be inspirational but do not address technical aspects such as developing 3D models, preparing drawings, and performing calculations necessary for the successful implementation of projects. Striking a balance between aesthetics and functionality is a key factor for the successful realization of construction projects. The aim of the article is to examine the issues related to image concept generation in architecture using MidJourney and similar platforms. The primary focus is on analyzing why generating concept images is only the initial step in architectural design. Additional stages are required, such as developing 3D models, preparing drawings, and performing calculations. This will transform the ideas presented in images into tangible three-dimensional objects, considering technical aspects and engineering systems.

Formation of Aesthetic Taste in Students of Professional Educational Organization by Means of Decorative and Applied Art

Introduction. The current stage of development of Russian society is characterized by global socio-economic changes that have caused instability in public life, a crisis of society and its main institutions, the destruction of spiritual ideals, which has led to a decrease in the level of morality and spirituality of young people, the level of formation of aesthetic taste. Therefore, the problem of lack of aesthetic tolerance is relevant, which can lead to negative phenomena in society, indifference or an aggressive attitude towards complex aesthetic phenomena that require intellectual perception. The purpose of the study is to develop and theoretically substantiate a didactic model for the formation of students’ aesthetic taste in an educational environment through the means of arts and crafts and to experimentally test its effectiveness. Methodology. To solve the problems, the following research methods were used: theoretical: ascent from the abstract to the concrete, idealization (creation of an ideal object) as a thought experiment; empirical: observation, pedagogical experiment, study of the results of artistic and creative activities of students. Research instruments are the tools that were used to collect and analyze data. We used the following tools: survey (using the survey we found answers to a number of questions that were developed for a specific group of students); an interview that helped gather information about students’ knowledge of arts and crafts; observation – this tool was used to study human behavior in various situations We studied the level of practical skills of students in the implementation of aesthetic ideas when performing an object of decorative and applied art using the association of a picture, which reflects the national idea, historical symbols and connotations – traditions and rituals, epics in the form of traditional shapes and colors, simple symbols, decorative folklore images. Based on the results obtained, in the course of empirical research, we have developed training programs for in-depth mastery of content in the disciplines “Technology” and “Fine Arts”. The thematic curriculum includes the following sections: 1. Russian art of the 18th–20th centuries. in the works of artists (I. E. Repin, M. P. Botkin, A. G. Venetsianov, P. P. Vereshchagin, etc.). 2. History of Russian culture in epics, fables, poems and fairy tales. 3. Russian decorative art. 4. Ornament as a form of Russian philosophy. 5. Ornament in the works of Khokhloma masters. 6. Ornament of Siberian carpets. 7. Understanding of beauty in Russian painting. 8. The property of Russian literature. Results. As a result of the study, a didactic model for the formation of aesthetic taste of students in the educational environment of a college was developed. The experiment confirmed the effectiveness of the developed curriculum and the identified pedagogical conditions that contribute to the most effective formation of aesthetic taste among students of a professional educational organization through the means of decorative and applied arts. Methodological products were adapted to the conditions of the Chelyabinsk Pedagogical College No. 1. After analyzing the problems identified within the framework of the study, programs for the academic disciplines “Fine Arts and Technology” and methodological recommendations for the formation of artistic and aesthetic taste through the means of decorative and applied arts were developed and implemented into the educational process of designers. Conclusions. The developed curriculum, being part of the educational process at aesthetic faculties, contains specific proposals for improving the training of specialists. Particular attention is paid to tasks for students specializing in painting. This allows us to enrich the experience of implementing creative projects and create aesthetically pleasing products of modern design. The methodological products developed during the study can be used in the professional activities of teachers of vocational training in secondary vocational education organizations.

Modernism as Liberation: J. Max Bond Jr. at Mississippi’s Mary Holmes College

Abstract From early in his career, J. Max Bond Jr. (1935–2009) brought the civil rights movement to bear on architecture, insisting that modernism live up to its promise to build a better world. Exemplary of this effort was the first completed work of Bond Ryder Associates, the Neigh Dormitory (1968–70) at Mary Holmes College in West Point, Mississippi. This article offers a close reading of this overlooked project in the context of Bond’s own encounters with modern architecture as an African American, the realities of Mississippi in the 1960s, and the experiences of the students who made this dorm their home. It contends that Bond Ryder shaped a liberatory modernism here especially focused on the freedom and self-determination of the dorm’s Black residents amid ongoing racial violence. In doing so, the article provides a novel perspective on the role that architecture played as a force for racial equality and that, in turn, the long civil rights movement played in shaping architectural modernism. While modern architecture had caused much harm by midcentury, this dorm’s history reveals an unexpected source for the rejuvenation of modernism’s social promise: the long struggle for racial justice.

Contemporary Architectural Applications of Moroccan Zellij in Urban Spaces

This paper explores the evolving role of Moroccan Zellij in contemporary urban architectural design, highlighting its integration into global projects and its potential as a sustainable design element. Zellij, a traditional Moroccan tile work, is renowned for its intricate patterns and vibrant colors. As urban environments increasingly seek sustainable and culturally rich materials, Zellij has found a new relevance in modern architecture. The paper analyzes how Zellij is being adapted for use in diverse settings, from luxury buildings to public spaces, and discusses the technical and logistical challenges involved in its integration. It also examines the aesthetic and cultural impacts of Zellij on urban spaces, its contribution to energy efficiency and environmental sustainability, and how it fosters a deeper connection between traditional craftsmanship and contemporary design. Finally, the paper forecasts future trends in the use of Zellij and its potential influence on global architectural styles, suggesting that Zellij will continue to enhance urban landscapes while promoting sustainable building practices.

Opportunities for improving the use of computer vision in municipal solid waste sorting

This article explores the possibilities of improving the application of optical sorting of municipal solid waste on conveyor belts using computer vision and machine learning technologies in order to replace manual sorting lines. Also the relevance of improving waste sorting is emphasized. This work expands the understanding of the application of computer vision in the field of waste management and offers practical recommendations for its implementation in industrial processes. The paper reviews current approaches to sorting municipal solid waste, analyzes their effectiveness, and explores the potential for improving waste management processes and increasing recycling efficiency based on recent research in this area. The most popular equipment used in sorting and its features are considered. A generalization of the morphological composition of waste is carried out, and the minimum and maximum possible shares of each class of waste in the recycling stream are identified. Based on this data, sufficient proportions of images in each category are selected to train a convolutional neural network for waste classification. Applied research in terms of detection and classification of waste objects on conveyor belts using well-known neural network architectures is considered. The analysis showed that most solutions are based on 2018 architectures, while the reference classification accuracy of more modern architectures, such as OmniVec, is 17 % higher, and detection efficiency is similar orders of magnitude higher. The resulting classification accuracy is significantly affected by image augmentation in the set of images for training the neural network — its presence can increase accuracy by 10 to 15 %. The minimum training data set has been determined, which should be about 2 000 images due to the fact that after a further increase in the number, the accuracy does not change significantly.

The Features of Tea Packaging Design in China

The object of the study is the design of tea packaging in China. The subject of the study is the problem of the formation of a national features in the design of tea packaging in China. During the research, such issues as the brief history of the subject of research, the specifics of the modern view of tea packaging in China, the main factors in the formation of approaches to the development and design of tea packaging with national specifics, the concept of a "cultural and creative product" are traced. The problem of integrating elements of traditional culture and aesthetics into the sphere of modern design of tea packaging products is considered separately. In addition, an analysis of examples of successful design is given, in which the competent and effective use of cultural tradition is traced. The advantages of using one's own tea packaging language as a product promotion factor are revealed. The study involves the systematization of available information on the theory and history of tea packaging design in China. An integrated approach is used to create a holistic view of the formation of China's own design language for these products. The scientific novelty of the study is due to the fact that for the first time a complex of issues related to the problem of forming a national language in tea packaging design in China is being studied. Individual samples of modern Chinese tea packaging design are being introduced into scientific circulation. The author's main contribution to the research of the topic is to identify the grounds that determine the features of the process of developing one's own language in tea packaging design in China at the present stage. The main conclusions of the study: currently, the formation of China's own tea packaging language is associated with the actualization of cultural tradition and spiritual heritage, which is associated with the orientation of tea producers not only to the Chinese consumer, but also to a foreign audience. The development of a national language in the design of tea packaging has the character of adapting traditional culture and aesthetics, the principles of which are determined by the concept of a "cultural and creative product".

Data science in economy and finance: A central bank perspective

Data science is fundamentally different from traditional data analysis, as it typically applies to large, complex and/or unstructured information sets. The role of data scientists, hence, lies at the intersection of three areas. The first is IT: central banks are increasingly aware that a modern technological architecture is crucial to reliably and securely deal with data. The second relates to the use of mathematical and statistical techniques to deal with the raw data at hand. This paper analyses how many different approaches can help support central banks’ operations, especially in the monetary policy and micro- and macroprudential areas, as well tasks related to the functioning of the payment system, financial inclusion, consumer protection and anti-money laundering. It presents how, in addition, the use of the new techniques could transform the whole production chain of official statistics, making it potentially more efficient, resilient and user-friendly. The third key area is to ensure close cooperation between data specialists and subject-matter experts involved in data science projects. Analysing statistics calls for an awareness of the way they have been compiled as well as of the complex factors that drive them — which are essential elements for transforming data into knowledge and taking informed policy decisions.

Emotional design of traditional Chinese cultural creative products based on user demand

Mortice-tenons are the main structural forms of ancient buildings, furniture, and woodwork in China. They are the inheritance of China's craft and cultural spirit, follow the principles of mechanics and have strong practicability. How-ever, mortice-tenons have gradually disappeared from modern life, mainly be-cause they cannot meet the specific needs of users. The purpose of this study is to establish a set of mortice-tenons structure innovation and product design for modern people. By analyzing the types and structural characteristics of mortice-tenon structure, based on the user's needs, using modern creative design methods, and combining with practice, we can verify how to further improve the market acceptance of mortice-tenon structure innovation prod-ucts, constantly explore the combination of modern technology and material experiments, and explore the emotional design of China traditional cultural creative products. Finally, it is proposed that further research is needed in this field to fully understand the user's behavior of using mortice-tenon structure innovation products, and at the same time, mortice-tenon structure innova-tion is applied to daily necessities and furniture products to meet the needs of a wider range of user scenarios.

Инцидент казанской Соборной мечети: к истории одного архитектурного проекта

The building of the Kazan Cathedral Mosque is still a promising architectural project, but it already has its own history, which includes the 2022 international sketch competition, held within the anniversary of the adoption of Islam in the Volga region, the struggle for the preservation of the Kyrlay park, where the foundation stone was laid, the decision to move the construction site, the introduction of new projects out‐of‐competition in 2023, and the discussion of one of such projects, unexpectedly “announced approved by the authorities”, with the Muslim religious leaders of Tatarstan... The protracted design of such an iconic object allows evaluating the starting points, the development direction, and problems of modern mosque architecture in Russia, the searches for the image of a religious building and the options to combine the traditional and the modern in Muslim architecture. The fate of the Kazan Cathedral Mosque is comparable to the “Kocatepe mosque incident” — the construction of the Ankara Cathedral Mosque, which for decades consolidated the neo‐Ottoman trend in Muslim architecture. The project owners of the Kazan mosque declared rejection of the tiresome adapted neo‐Ottoman model, which substituted the search for truly national forms. However, architectural bureaus are not yet ready to propose projects that would equally satisfy the requirements for the preservation of the traditional and the compliance with the trends of modern architecture, and often replace creative searches with combinations of quotations of famous monuments or elements of earlier competition projects.

QR code design: From digital graphics to environmental, product and fashion design

Classification of design codes by the level of complexity of their design was cre-ated for the first time. The obtained results are key to understanding the role of the QR code as a full-fledged work of art in the context of modern design. In the future, this will allow us to single out the most noticeable trends in the development of coded information in the conditions of modern visual culture.

Viewing the influence of Vkhutemas on the Bauhaus from the perspective of production art: Main concepts and directions

After the October Revolution of 1917, the Russian avant-garde established close relations with the German left wing. Vkhutemas, as the center of the Russian avant-garde, also had an important influence on the development of the Bauhaus. This study examines the specific path and results of the influence of Vkhutemas on the Bauhaus in terms of concept, structural transformation and production strategy in order to clarify the relationship between them. In this work, Vkhutemas is taken as the center, based on the analysis of conceptual principles, structural transformations and production strategies, specific ways and manifestations of the influence of the Russian avant-garde on the Bauhaus in various periods of the 1920s are explored. This comprehensive and multidimensional Russian influence not only develops the modern system of design education and finally consolidates the historical status of the Bauhaus, but also lays the foundation for its final fate. Firstly, on an ideological level, the goals of Russian production are directly related to the construction of socialism, to the creation of a system of proletarian culture, which Avartov calls proletarian, which largely coincides with the left-wing ideals of Gropius. Secondly, at the level of artistic thought, productivism and constructivism, as new ideas of the early 20th century, represented the contribution of the Russian avant-garde to modernist design. Finally, at the level of educational practice, thanks to the introduction of Russian constructivism by Moholy Nagy, the Bauhaus created a prototype of the three main components of modern design education, taking lessons from teaching composition by Vkhutemas, and opened the transition from expressionism to function. This was a new stage in the transformation of socialism, and thus formed the classic image of the Bauhaus for the outside world.

Research on the Inheritance and Innovation of Traditional Elements in Modern Clothing

There are various traditional elements in clothing, including patterns, colors, patterns and so on. They not only have unique production techniques, but also contain cultural ideas and connotations of different places, from which you can also glimpse the local development and history. In modern design, traditional elements are often used in a variety of clothing to inherit local culture and create a strong sense of belonging. Therefore, clothing that combines traditional elements is deeply loved by people. The inheritance and innovation of traditional craft in modern clothing has a certain challenge. In order to protect and develop traditional crafts, in the process of inheritance and innovation, it is necessary to cultivate the interest and enthusiasm of the young generation, explore new marketing methods and apply new technologies, so that traditional crafts can be truly integrated into modern clothing. This paper will focus on the inheritance role of traditional elements in modern clothing and its innovative application in order to adapt to modern development.

THE IMPACT OF RAJPUT ARCHITECTURE STYLE ON CONTEMPORARY RESORT DESIGN IN JAIPUR RAJASTHAN

This research paper explores the development of Rajput architecture design giving shape to examining the historical factors, in the broader context of the Rajputana region in medieval India. By researching the socio-political landscape, cultural influences, distinctive architectural features, conservation system, regional variations, cultural Content of medieval socio-political influences, and distinctive conservation Variations, this research on the Rajput dynasty's rich architectural heritage provides an understanding of the broader. Building on this historical foundation, Studies in contemporary resort design of analysis the incorporation of Rajput architectural elements such as arches, domes, Jharokha, chhatri, and Lattice work. Through qualitative analysis and case studies, this research examines the impact of these elements on aesthetics, utility, and guest experiences in modern resorts. This study bridges the gap between historical and modern design, Rajput architecture of permanent relevance, and contemporary architecture of landscapes giving shaped the role of intense appreciation having contribution.

Residual Echo State Networks: Residual recurrent neural networks with stable dynamics and fast learning

Residual connections have been established as a staple for modern deep learning architectures. Most of their applications are cast towards feedforward computing. In this paper, we study the architectural bias of residual connections in the context of recurrent neural networks (RNNs), specifically in the temporal dimension. We frame our discussion from the perspective of Reservoir Computing and dynamical system theory, focusing on important aspects of neural computation like memory capacity, long-term information processing, stability, and nonlinear computation capability. Experiments corroborate the striking advantage brought by temporal residual connections for a plethora of different time series processing tasks, comprehending memory-based, forecasting, and classification problems.

Graph Kernel Neural Networks.

The convolution operator at the core of many modern neural architectures can effectively be seen as performing a dot product between an input matrix and a filter. While this is readily applicable to data such as images, which can be represented as regular grids in the Euclidean space, extending the convolution operator to work on graphs proves more challenging, due to their irregular structure. In this article, we propose to use graph kernels, i.e., kernel functions that compute an inner product on graphs, to extend the standard convolution operator to the graph domain. This allows us to define an entirely structural model that does not require computing the embedding of the input graph. Our architecture allows to plug-in any type of graph kernels and has the added benefit of providing some interpretability in terms of the structural masks that are learned during the training process, similar to what happens for convolutional masks in traditional convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We perform an extensive ablation study to investigate the model hyperparameters' impact and show that our model achieves competitive performance on standard graph classification and regression datasets.

Pitrufquén, Chile: the city as a strategy for territorial occupation

This paper analyzes the development of Pitrufquén (located in the Araucanía Region, Chile, and founded in 1897) from a historical, territorial, urban, and architectural point of view. It is proposed that the city’s development is framed in a new moment, where the Chilean State abandons military criteria and assumes economic-territorial factors where the railroad’s presence is a determining factor. The choice of the site, its particular layout, and the development of its architecture are evidence of this change. From the historical point of view, it is analyzed how, in Pitrufquén, the Mapuche society had cattle raising as the main economic activity, as it had pastures to feed the cattle, the land was suitable for crops, and there was a vital ford to cross the Toltén River. This strategic location was maintained and accentuated by the city’s founding and the railroad’s arrival in 1898, turning the town into a railhead for progress towards the south of the country. In the case of the urban layout, its peculiarity was addressed since, together with Lonquimay, these are the only sections in the La Araucanía region organized based on an ellipse, which, in the case of Pitrufquén, also coexists with a checkerboard layout. The study analyzed its squares, diagonal avenues, and the perimeter ring road. At an architectural level, the article explores the three layers or aspects of the city: The first one studies the wooden architecture with works from the late 19th and early 20th centuries; the second refers to public architecture, represented by buildings such as the municipality, public services, the post office, and others; and a third layer addresses the modern architecture, such as housing and stores from the period between 1940 and 1960.

Effects of telemetry collars on two free-roaming feral equid species.

There are two species of free-roaming feral equids in North America: horses (Equus caballus) and donkeys or "burros" (E. asinus). Both species were introduced as domestic animals to North America in the early 1500s and currently inhabit rangelands across the western United States, Canada, and all continents except Antarctica. Despite their global distribution, little is known about their fine scale spatial ecology. Contemporary research tools to assess space use include global positioning system (GPS) tracking collars, but older models were problematic due to stiff collar belting causing poor fit. We tested modern designs of GPS collars on n = 105 horses and n = 60 burros for 4 years in five populations (3 horse, 2 burro) across the western United States, to assess whether collars posed welfare risks to horses or burros. We found no difference in survival of collared versus uncollared mares and jennies, and no difference in survival of their foals. In 4036 of 4307 observations for horses (93.7%) and 2115 of 2258 observations for burros (93.6%), collars were observed symmetrical, maintaining proper fit on the neck. Fur effects from collars (sweaty neck, indented fur, broken fur) were seen in 3% of horse observations and 25% of burro observations. Superficial effects (chafes and marks on skin surface) were seen in 2% of horse observations and 11% of burro observations; no severe effects from collars were seen. Body condition was not affected by collars; mean body condition of collared horses was 4.70 ± 0.54 (mean ± s.d) and 4.71 ± 0.65 for collared burros. Behavior results indicated minimal effects; collared horses stood slightly more than uncollared, and collared burros stood and foraged more in one population, but not in the other. For 6.3% of observations of horses and 6.4% of observations of burros, we found an effect of time wearing a collar on the cumulative sum of fur effects which increased over time (burros: rs = 0.87, P = <0.0001; horses: rs = 0.31, P = 0.002). Burros also showed an increase over time in the number of superficial effects, but horses did not. Collars occasionally moved into the wrong position, shifting forward over the ears; we observed this on 19 horses and 1 burro. Of those, most collars went over the ears in summer (n = 12). All collars were equipped with a remote release mechanism as well as a timed-release mechanism for redundancy, thus removed when observed in wrong position to avoid rubbing or discomfort. Our finding of no consequential physical effects in 98% of horse observations, and 89% of burro observations suggests the consequences of collars on free-roaming equid welfare and survival is biologically insignificant, although collars should be monitored regularly and continue to be equipped with a remote release mechanism to remove a collar if needed. With frequent welfare-driven, visual monitoring, collaring of free-roaming equids can be a safe and useful tool to increase our understanding of their spatial ecology, demography, habitat use, behavior, and interactions with other wildlife.

Application and Benefit Assessment of Sustainable Building Materials in High-Rise Building Design

With increasing environmental awareness, the use of sustainable building materials in modern high-rise architecture has become increasingly prominent. This paper provides a detailed analysis of Wood Chip Concrete Blocks (CBWC), exploring their application in high-rise building design, along with their environmental attributes, thermal performance, and structural integrity. Research indicates that CBWCs have a thermal resistance of R=5.26 m²K/W and fire resistance exceeding 180 minutes, significantly enhancing the building's energy efficiency and environmental friendliness. Simulation data reveals that the improved CBWC2 model, after partial filling and reinforcement, increased its peak horizontal force to 165.2 kN and reduced displacement to 9.99 mm, indicating enhanced structural stability. This study aims to use wood chip-reinforced concrete blocks to improve building energy efficiency and reduce carbon footprint while ensuring durability and safety, providing a sustainable material choice for future constructions.