Modernist Intellectuals Research Articles

Queer Korea

Queer Korea

Roger Bastide e Sérgio Milliet

O texto trata dos cruzamentos entre as obras de Sérgio Milliet, o crítico de arte paulistano e integrante do grupo de intelectuais modernistas, e Roger Bastide, docente integrante da Missão Francesa de professores da USP, catedrático em Sociologia. O texto identifica e analisa cruzamentos entre as obras de ambos, além de textos de jornais e artigos de circunstância. Os cruzamentos deixam entrever as concordâncias, discordâncias e abordagens diversas dos dois intelectuais, tanto no papel de intelectuais e sociólogos, como na crítica literária e na crítica de arte, assim como as visões sobre a brasilidade.

Modernizing Marriage: Family, Ideology, and Law in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Egypt by Kenneth M. Cuno

<i>Modernizing Marriage: Family, Ideology, and Law in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Egypt</i> by Kenneth M. Cuno

Empirical Spirits: Islam, Spiritism, and the Virtues of Science in Iran

AbstractThis article examines some aspects of the reception of French Spiritism and psychical research in twentieth century Iran: its promotion by Iranian modernist intellectuals before the Second World War, and its appropriation by Shi‘i Muslim ‘ulama in the 1940s and 1960s. Spiritism appealed to those intellectuals and scholars who sought to reconcile their commitments to science with their religious longings and dedication to moral reform. In comparing these encounters with spirit communication, I show that the adoption of putatively scientific claims in contexts that professional scientists usually disavow can be about much more than strategic appropriation and attempts to justify preexisting doctrines. They also allow us to understand science's power to mold the moral subjectivities of reformers through selective absorption into long-continuous traditions of virtue.

Mad music: Charles Ives, the nostalgic rebel

Mad Music is the story of Charles Edward Ives (1874-1954), the innovative American composer who achieved international recognition, but only after he'd stopped making music. While many of his best works received little attention in his lifetime, Ives is now appreciated as perhaps the most important American composer of the twentieth century and father of the diverse lines of Aaron Copland and John Cage. Ives was also a famously wealthy crank who made millions in the insurance business and tried hard to establish a reputation as a crusty New Englander. To Stephen Budiansky, Ives's life story is a personification of America emerging as a world power: confident and successful, yet unsure of the role of art and culture in a modernizing nation. Though Ives steadfastly remained an outsider in many ways, his life and times inform us of subjects beyond music, including the mystic movement, progressive anticapitalism, and the initial hesitancy of turn-of-the-century-America modernist intellectuals. Deeply researched and elegantly written, this accessible biography tells a uniquely American story of a hidden genius, disparaged as a dilettante, who would shape the history of music in a profound way. Making use of newly published letters-and previously undiscovered archival sources bearing on the longstanding mystery of Ives's health and creative decline-this absorbing volume provides a definitive look at the life and times of a true American original.

The Advent of Marxist thoughts to Iran: The Formation of Economic Historiography in Iran

The oldest document obtained regarding the arrival of Marxist thoughts to Iran is the one which in was published in written form in Akhtar Newspaper in Istanbul (March 1906) and also it was published by Iran Newspaper. The publication of these thoughts later continued by the publication of multiple articles about socialism thoughts in the famous newspaper Iran-e-Now) which was the official publication of the Democratic Party of Iran. However, new socialist thoughtssince one or two decades before the Constitutional Movementgradually entered thoughts, history and literature of Iran and influenced some of the modernist intellectuals such as Mirza Agha Khan Kermani, Talebov, Akhundzadeh and other scholars of the realm of politics. These thoughts caused that in the field of historiography there would be formed a movement and Iranian writers, influenced by Marx's thoughts, create some works in the field of historiography whose dominant forms were society and economy. By exploiting Marx's theories in two axes, Feudal mode of production and Asiatic mode of production of Iranian society and history are investigated and analyzed sociologically.

Il tormentato percorso di una biografia: Gallarati Scotti racconta Fogazzaro

The aim of this article is to analyze the difficult making of the “Vita di Antonio Fogazzaro” written by a friend and pupil of Fogazzaro, Tommaso Gallarati Scotti. The discussion about the problems, due to changes in different versions of text, in re-construing the exact authorial will permits an attentive determination of the relation between Fogazzaro and Gallarati Scotti and shows up the contrast of these two modernist intellectuals with the catholic hierarchy.

Discordances à l’aube de l’islamisation du droit à Aceh (décembre 2002)

Dissonances at the Dawn of Islamization of Law in Aceh (December 2002). A series of interviews done in December 2002 in Aceh offers an interesting perspective of the Islamization of law at this early stage of the new legislation, when the first by-laws (qanun) were just passed by the local Parliament, awaiting their implementation. The interviews reveal a rift among Acehnese, with on one side, conservative ulama, revivalist activists (dakwah faculty), and politicians from ‘ secular’ or moderate Islamic parties pushing for sharia implementation, and on the other, sceptics who include traditionalist non-politicized ulama, modernist intellectuals and anti-revivalist politicians. The idea of sharia as an “ unwanted gift” given by Jakarta seems to be confirmed, but also the willingness to use sharia as a tool for “ social engineering” as well as increased revivalist influences as observed by Michael Feener ten years later.

Playing Life and Death in Provincetown:

Playing Life and Death in Provincetown:

Epistemological paradigms in the perception and assessment of vernacular architecture

The current situation of vernacular architecture is a result of the different perspectives of agents who have some sort of direct or indirect relationship with the architecture of the past which has influenced attitudes and ways of thinking, thus guaranteeing its assessment and survival. Therefore, this article reviews recent currents of thought and theories encapsulating the increased value of vernacular architecture. In the eighteenth century, this architecture made the romantic ideals of rural society synonymous with its surroundings, territory and country. In the twentieth century, a select few modernist intellectuals carried out in-depth studies of this architectural type in relation to its formal values. Now, in the twenty-first century, it has become the object of technological and scientific analysis for many experts. The current situation still presents many unresolved problems, which are perhaps the result of little thought having been put into specific aspects of the process of vernacular architecture.

Reforming Japan: The Women's Christian Temperance Union in the Meiji Period (review)

Reviewed by: Reforming Japan: The Women's Christian Temperance Union in the Meiji Period Yosuke Nirei Reforming Japan: The Women's Christian Temperance Union in the Meiji Period. By Elizabeth Dorn Lublin. 264264 pages. Vancouver, BC: UBC Press, 2010 (hardcover $85.00). University of Hawai'i Press, 2011 (softcover $32.95). The Meiji period brought the Japanese archipelago and people to the forefront of world history and modernity, and the Japanese converts to Protestantism who emerged during this time were more than just religionists; indeed, though few in number they played a central role in Japan's intellectual and social modernization. Elizabeth Dorn Lublin has written an important and admirable book that helps us to understand the vicissitudes of the Meiji Protestant movement. Reforming Japan examines the establishment and evolution of the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)—one of the country's most important reformist and oldest women's associations—and its central programs over the last two decades of the Meiji period. The book, moreover, not only tells the story of the WCTU as a "case study" of Meiji civic activism, but also contains many insights that can be applied to other modernist intellectuals and reformist activities of the period. Reforming Japan is divided into two parts. Part 1, "The WCTU in Meiji Japan: An Organizational History," chronicles the two decades of the WCTU's development in three chapters. The first chapter explains the connections between the expansion of the American temperance movement overseas and the rise of Protestantism in Meiji Japan, placing special emphasis on the work of American activist Mary Clement Leavitt. Leavitt, Lublin claims, worked as a "catalyst" (p. 32) for the formation of a WCTU branch in Tokyo by gaining the recognition of prominent male enlightenment intellectuals (also Protestants) and the support of Japanese Protestant women. Leavitt's arrival and the establishment of the Tokyo branch of the WCTU in 1886 occurred almost simultaneously with the WCTU's broad overseas outreach and with Meiji Japan's rapid Westernization and fever for "social reform." The WCTU added more branches throughout the country and managed to establish a national umbrella organization in 1892, but from the end of the 1880s to the early 1890s, the Japan WCTU as a whole, as well as the Protestant movement in Japan, experienced a severe setback, as outlined in the remainder of part 1. Lublin cites the general political, educational, and legal changes (such as the procedural debacle in the government's revision of its Unequal Treaties with the West as well as the promulgations of the Imperial Constitution, the Civil Code, and the Educational Rescript) that formed the backdrop to these difficulties, but what really stands out in her account of this period is the internal struggle between conservative leader Yajima Kajiko and radical member Sasaki Toyoju for leadership of the organization. This was a defining moment for the future of WCTU activism and a key to understanding the ideological assumptions behind the movement's reformist program. [End Page 355] Also notable is Lublin's stress on the importance, both symbolic and substantive, of American missionaries such as Leavitt, Mary Allen West, and Clara Parrish (photographs of all three are included in the book) in developing the Japanese WCTU as a whole and bringing together discordant and sometimes disorganized Japanese groups at critical moments in the union's historical evolution. Lublin vividly describes the distinctive passion of these American women for spreading reform, as well as their methodical and diligent efforts (West, incidentally, died during her missionary tour in Japan), and she draws an interesting contrast with the personal rivalry and ideological conflict that existed among Japanese Christian women of the time. Perhaps intentionally, Lublin did not include the word "Japanese" in the book's subtitle; certainly, the early organization could not be described without mention of the significant input provided by American missionary women. Indeed, as Lublin says, it was the "convergence" of historical developments in both countries (p. 14) that came into historical play. Part 2, "Under the Guise of National Strengthening and 'Good' Citizenship: Pillars of the WCTU's Reform Program," brings the reader back to the early formative period of the movement and to the...

THE RIGHTS OF MUSLIM WOMEN: A Comment on Irene Oh's The Rights of God

ABSTRACTThis review of Irene Oh's The Rights of God focuses on women's rights in Islamic theory and practice. Oh suggests that religious establishments, and the texts they disseminate, often press believers to recognize and reject social problems, such as racial and gender discrimination. Islamic scholars and texts have played a more ambiguous role in efforts to recognize women's rights within Muslim states. Modernist intellectuals have used Islamic texts to support the advancement of women's rights, but members of the more conservative religious establishment have typically curbed or rejected these efforts. Muslim women themselves have established various responses to the question of Islam's compatibility with women's rights. While some embrace the value and compatibility of both, others reject the propriety of either Western conceptions of rights, or the Islamic tradition, as harmful for women. Muslim reformers and feminists have much to learn from comparative studies with other faith communities that have undergone similar struggles and transformations.

A Difficult Marriage: American Protestants and American Politics

In the course of writing a biography about William Jennings Bryan, I began to appreciate a reality that transcends his own story. This anti-Darwinist reformer was not the relic of a benighted past that many modernist intellectuals—whether of the right or left—assumed him to be in the years from the rise of the New Deal to the rise of the Christian right in the 1970s. In fact, evangelical Protestantism has always been an integral part of American political history.

Katalikybė ir visuomenė tarpukario Lietuvoje

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas modernesniųjų lietuvių katalikų intelektualų požiūris į katalikybę ir katalikų bažnyčios socialinį vaidmenį tarpukario Lietuvoje. Supažindinama, kaip modernistai aiškino katalikybės suformalėjimą ir jo apraiškas. Analizuojamos jų puoselėtos katalikybės ir tuometinės bažnyčios socialinių pozicijų visuomenėje stiprinimo įžvalgos.

“Chaos Invading Concept”: Blast as a Native Theory of Promotional Culture

Research Article| June 01 2000 “Chaos Invading Concept”: Blast as a Native Theory of Promotional Culture Paige Reynolds Paige Reynolds Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Twentieth-Century Literature (2000) 46 (2): 238–268. https://doi.org/10.1215/0041462X-2000-3004 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Paige Reynolds; “Chaos Invading Concept”: Blast as a Native Theory of Promotional Culture. Twentieth-Century Literature 1 June 2000; 46 (2): 238–268. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/0041462X-2000-3004 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsTwentieth-Century Literature Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © Hofstra University2000 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Articles You do not currently have access to this content.