Modern Ways Of Thinking Research Articles

The legacy of P. Feyerabend: a look from the digital realities of the XXI century

The article analyzes the ways of expressing the methodological message of P. Feyerabend, implemented by modern digital reality. The object of the study is the specifics of digital reality, and the subject is the forms of implementation of P. Feyerabend's methodological message in it. Using hypothetical-deductive and hermeneutic approaches, the author correlates the positions of P. Feyerabend's epistemological anarchism with the features of modern cyberphysical reality. The comparison of the first "counter-rule" – the principle of proliferation is carried out in relation to the understanding of hybrid society and the metaverse. The principle of incommensurability, understood by Feyerabend as a condition for the absence of criteria for assessing the truth of the theory, is compared with the heterogeneity of the digital environment. The main conclusions of the study are the highlighted parallels between the principle of proliferation and the constant transformation of the actors of the digital society, evaluated from the standpoint of expanding the possibilities of creativity. The principle of incommensurability is compared with the constant generation of new conventions by the digital environment, the presence of heterogeneous modalities. The modern way of thinking is positioned in the discourse of the given "counter-rules" as the implementation of complex network thinking. Feyerabend's premise for the perception of archaic man correlates with the idea of cybernetic animism. The scientific novelty of the work consists in fixing the parallels of Feyerabend's theoretical premises and the reality of the modern hybrid world with its ways of thinking, revealing the internal contradiction of Feyerabend's position and the ambiguity of the embodiment of his methodological guidelines in a modern hybrid society.

Salafism as Gramscian informed vanguardism

In this study, I offer a categorization of Salafism based on the concept of vanguardism. Vanguardism suggests how Salafis inhabit the political domain, by posing as the vanguard of a privileged group endowed with a historical mission. Relatedly, I summon the Gramscian concept of “philosophy of praxis.” With this, I intend to reconfigure Wiktorowicz’s classificatory scheme predicated on too stark an opposition between ‘aqīdah (theory) and manhaj (method). The philosophy of praxis accounts for the inherent tension between these two domains. Such tension is manifest in Salafis’ ambiguities, compromises, internal rifts, ideological adjustments, and revisions. Two related Gramscian concepts, historical bloc and modern Prince, bring such considerations more immediately into the political. They highlight, respectively, the political-historical context in which Salafis operate and the political-historical role they play as instances of vanguardism. I then put forth my classificatory scheme in the form of a typology. One axis is represented by the attitude towards the “historical bloc” (pro or anti) and the kind of vanguard posturing that emerges out of it (support, creation, or activation). The other axis is represented by the specific framing of the “Enemy” category on the part of the Salafi vanguard (historical/institutional or essential/identitarian), and the stance they consequently assume towards it (compromise/accommodation or rejection/denunciation). The resulting classification offers six categories (accommodationists, partisans, delayers, agitators, mobilizers, and belligerents). Stressing the fundamental political nature of contemporary Salafism—its vanguardism—they account for its inscription in a specific, modern way of thinking and acting the political.

Integral Ecology and Anthropocentrism: John Milbank’s Ecological Personalism

The article discusses the ecological aspects of John Milbank’s thought in the context of the growing climate crisis. For this purpose, the concept of integral ecology is interpreted in the spirit of Milbank’s integralism, which rejects the notion of “pure nature” as a manifestation of secularism and calls for theological grounding of the environmental discourse. This perspective allows us to see the limitations of the modern way of thinking, caught up in the metaphors of “conquest of nature” and “return to nature.” As an alternative, the concept of “kenotic anthropocentrism” is proposed, which sees man as a rational, social, creative and religious animal, that somehow transcends his own nature, being called to union with God. On the one hand, such an approach proclaims the ontological superiority of man over other creatures, and on the other, it reminds us of his role as the guardian—and not the owner—of the Earth. Thus, it differs significantly from Clive Hamilton’s “modest anthropocentrism,” whose call to care for the environment is ultimately based on arbitrary freedom and the imperative of self-preservation. Milbank’s position is closer to Bruno Latour’s (anti-)anthropocentrism emphasizing the role of man as a political representative of silent earthlings—rivers, mountains and animals. However, Milbank advocates a strong ontological hierarchy rejected by Latour, which makes him less sensitive to the material dimension of climate change. Moreover, Milbank’s militant anti-secularism may be an obstacle to a much needed broader discussion of the ecological crisis, even if his critique of modernity is hard to ignore.

Gender Difference in Type 1 Diabetes: An Underevaluated Dimension of the Disease

Gender difference in all fields of medicine and biology has recently become a topic of great interest. At present, most studies report gender differences in their secondary analysis; however, this information receives scant attention from clinicians, and is often overwhelmed by press trumpeting the overall main positive results. Furthermore, and more importantly, any statistical evaluation of results obtained without specific and careful planning in the study for the topic of research is probably worthless. There are few studies in animals, but these are not typically useful because of the different biology, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics compared to humans. Type 1 diabetes is a disease where gender difference can be easily evaluated. Irrespective of the cause of the loss of pancreatic beta-cell function, the common denominators of all forms of type 1 diabetes are the absence of circulating insulin and a reduction in peripheral insulin sensitivity leading to exogenous injections being required. Consequently, exogenous insulin infusion, with any of the widely used research tools, such as the insulin–glucose clamp, can be easily used to evaluate gender difference. Female patients with type 1 diabetes have many factors that impact glucose level. For example, the hormones that drive the ovulatory/menstrual cycle and the connected change at the time of the menopause have a role on insulin action; thus, one should expect great research emphasis on this. On the contrary, there is a dearth of data available on this topic, and no pump producer has created a gender-specific insulin infusion profile. Patients are usually approached on the basis of their diagnosis. This review is intended to focus on personalized treatment, more specifically on gender, according to the modern way of thinking.

POSTMODERN SUBJECT AND NARRATIVE IN BILGE KARASU'S NOVELS GECE AND KILAVUZ

Postmodernizm, klasik ve modern düşünme biçimlerinin bütüncül ve sistematik yapısına, normatif kalıplarına karşı ortaya çıkan modernite sonrası bir fenomendir. Hem kültürel hem de düşünsel anlamda geleneksel ayrımlara, kendi içerisinde hiyerarşi oluşturan kavramsal ön kabul ve yargılara karşıdır. İndirgeyici ve tek-merkezli sınıfsal kümelenmeleri ayrıştırır; bunun yerine çok sesli, marjinal bir toplum imgesi yaratır. Edebî anlamda postmodernizm kendi içine kapanmış, çağrışımdan yoksun nihai anlam dizilerini, kurgusal kalıpları kırmaya çalışır. Yazarın tanrı benzeri kurgusal hâkimiyetini, anlatı öznelerinin iki boyutlu yapısını, kalıplaşmış anlatı statükosunu yok eder. Konvansiyonel ikililikleri; kurmaca ile hakikati, sıra dışı ile sıradanı, sahte ile gerçeği, esas ile marjini birbirleriyle çarpıştırır. Batı edebiyatında postmodernist anlatı, modernizme karşı geliştirilen belirli estetik yeniliklerin ve süreçlerin sonucunda ortaya çıkar. Fakat Türk edebiyatında roman sanatı türsel olgunluğuna daha geç dönemde ulaşır. Bu nedenle modernist ve postmodernist estetik nitelikler, kimi eserlerde bir arada bulunur. Postmodernist roman, kendi özgün ve radikal formuna Türk edebiyatında seksenli ve doksanlı yıllarda ulaşır. Bilge Karasu, bu bağlamda postmodernist biçime ve bu biçiminin dinamik özelliklerine eserlerinde yer veren önemli isimlerdendir. Onun Gece ve Kılavuz adlı romanları, postmodern anlatı yapısını ve özne kurgularını içerisinde taşıyan özgün eserlerdendir. Bu çalışmanın amacını, Gece’de ve Kılavuz’da yer alan özne kurgularının, postmodern edebiyatın nitelikleri dikkate alınarak incelenmesi oluşturmaktadır.

Mysticism And Intuition In The Poems Of Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca

Batılılaşmanın önemli kavşak noktalarından biri olan Tanzimat süreci aydın profilin edebiyatçı kimliğiyle kendini sunmasının da zeminini oluşturur. Yüzyıllardır nesilden nesle aktarılan değerlerin yaşadığı kriz, edebiyat sahasına da sirayet etmiş, Tanzimat aydınındaki zihin bulanıklığı başta şiir olmak üzere edebiyat anlayışını da müphemleştirmiştir. Söz konusu müphemlik Batı’nın Doğu üzerindeki tahakküm araçlarından birinin edebiyat oluşundan kaynaklanır. Tanzimat aydını yeni, modern ve çağdaş gördüğü Fransız şiirine yönelirken geleneksel şiirden kolay vazgeçemeyecektir. Batı’dan yeni epistemik alan yüklemeleri yapılırken gelenekten de kendi kavramlarını koruyacak bir direnç alanı oluşur. Bütün bunlar yaşanırken Batı’ya özgü değerleri sahiplenmek belli düzeyde pozitivist bir refleksle ortaya çıkar, geleneği savunmak da onun karşı ucunda yer alan mistisizme sığınma refleksiyle kendini gösterir. İslâmî düşünceye ait kavramlar şiir geleneği üzerinden dağılırken Tanzimat aydınında bu durumun varlığı modern düşünüş tarzına uygun yeni kavramların kapısını aralar. Cumhuriyet dönemine gelindiğinde bu durum, kaynağına dönüş problemi olarak karşımıza çıkar. Modernitenin verileriyle problem yaşayan aydın, varoluşsal değerlere tekrar yönelim gösterir.Tanzimat’la başlayan batılılaşmanın hayatın her alanında başat ögeye dönüştüğü Cumhuriyet döneminin aydın sınıfıyla, mistik yönelim bağlamında ayrışma yaşayan önemli bir şair de Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca’dır. Fazıl Hüsnü şiirinin imge dünyasına ait temel izlekler; onun şiirinin mistik arka plandaki gönderimleri, bir takım felsefî metinler ve referanslarla karşılaştırma olanağı sunacaktır.

Word in Action. Democracy and Deliberation in Literary Practice in Polish Renaissance

This paper synthesizes relations between Polish democratic system and literary practice in the 16th century. The paper analyses phenomena that project social practice of deliberation on what is important to the community, including political community, and are rooted in the idea of noble democracy – idiosyncratic, mixed political system. The author focuses her interest on the idea of concordia. Consensualism was achieved through debates, political disputes or agons. Deliberative culture also encouraged other distinctive literary forms such as dialogs (political dialogs), polemical treatises, speeches or political satires.The paper underlines the significance of the Protestant Reformation to the Polish Renaissance culture, which introduced modernising tendencies and which expressed the ambitions of influence, participation, public activity, and co-deciding about the community. It stimulated modern way of thinking and shaped the model of discursive society and democratic Church.

Let the Rivers Speak

This article explores deep underlying assumptions about relationships between people and the planet, and how these translate into very different ways of relating to waterways in Aotearoa New Zealand. In te ao Mäori – ancestral Mäori ways of living – rivers and lakes are the tears of Ranginui, the sky father, mourning his separation from Papatüänuku, the earth mother, and people are their descendants, joined in complex whakapapa that link all forms of life together. In modern ways of thinking, on the other hand, ideas such as private property, resource management and ecosystem services can be traced back to the Genesis story of God’s gift of ‘dominion’ to Adam and Eve over fish, birds, plants and the earth itself, including waterways, in which all other life forms are created for human purposes. In successive Waitangi Tribunal claims, iwi have disputed these assumptions in relation to fisheries, tribal lands and rivers, and, in worldleading legislation, the Whanganui River has been declared a legal person with its own rights. In this article, the authors discuss different ways in which the rights of rivers as rivers might be understood in scientific terms, investigating the ‘geomorphic rights’ of the Whanganui River, for instance, and how rivers as living communities of land, water, plants, animals and people might be understood through ‘river ethnography’, an approach that aligns a wide range of natural and social sciences with mätauranga taiao – ancestral knowledge of other living systems. They also consider how current policy discussions might be informed by such framings, so that river communities across Aotearoa New Zealand may be restored to a state of ora – life, health, abundance and prosperity.

Естетика кліпу у сучасному соціокультурному просторі

The article covers in socio-cultural aspect the main stages of the clip as a mediaform, the impact of its symbolic images and fragmented structure on the modern way of thinking and worldview.

MULTINATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND LEADERSHIP

Modern leadership theory describes the environment to which the military organizations of NATO countries have to adapt and integrate in order to cope with new challenges. Configuration of the modern society, or how it becomes a certainty, how it influence the acts of the armed forces, the way in which society reflects on the military leadership are from strategic importance for dealing with future dimensions of security and stability. Transforming the military leadership we have to build a military that can adapt to the modern way of thinking, which would develop the ability quickly and efficiently to adapt to modern challenges in diverse situations and circumstances.

Francisco Suárez (1548-1617): Escolástica y mundo moderno

This special issue aims to contribute to the celebration of the fourth centenary of Francisco Suarez’s death (1548-1617). Its intention is to bring up to date this Spanish Jesuit’s thought in all of its multidisciplinary variety, ranging from metaphysics, philosophical psychology, political philosophy, law and economics, to the theory of action. In carrying out this task, we have tried to address the main ideas of this complex and contorversial author, who bridges medieval and modern ways of thinking, from the contemporary perspectives of the above mentioned disciplines.

La síntesis interna de la experiencia sensible. La psicología de Suárez y el origen de la neurociencia

In the context of the great philosophical synthesis of Francis Suarez, between XVI and XVII centuries, his commentary to De Anima manifest the originality of his thought, between continuity and innovation in front of the big issues that Aristotle’s work had left open. His reflection on the problems of knowledge will open the path to a modern way of thinking, not exempt of some critical aspects. As he recognizes the active role of sensitive powers and he analyzes their physiological dimension, he will reduce inner sensitivity to only one power. The characterization of this only inner sense requires an adequate distinction of it as regards both external sensitivity and intellectual power, and implies some localization in the brain. Surarez’s dialogue with the physiology of his time places him at the historical beginning of neuroscience.

Embodied Engagements: Filmmaking and Viewing Practices and the Habitus of Telugu Cinema

Viewers of South Indian devotional films, female viewers in particular, have been known to offer prayers to the gods on screen and even moved to a state of possession while watching a film. Filmmaking and publicity try to highlight this aspect and explicitly address the spectator as a devotee. How do we understand these intersections between film viewership and religious practice? How do we theorize the figure of the viewer who is both a film viewer and a devotee at the same time? What sort of embodied engagements characterize these overlapping positions? Does affective engagement necessarily preclude critical and rational engagement with the narrative? This article explores these questions through an examination of the practices that surrounded the production and the reception of Telugu devotional films in the period starting roughly from the 1970s to the mid-2000s. I argue that a close attention to the habitus of the film viewer will enable a deeper and finer appreciation of the sensory modes of film appreciation that viewers bring to the cinema. Equal attention to the changing practices and the habitus of filmmaking in South India enables us to grapple with the ways in which a traditional habitus responds and changes with the advent of modern media and modern ways of thinking and being.

Schiller Revisited: "Beauty is Freedom in Appearance" - Aesthetics as a Challenge to the Modern Way of Thinking

Schiller Revisited: "Beauty is Freedom in Appearance" - Aesthetics as a Challenge to the Modern Way of Thinking

Penyalinan Dan Penyaduran Naskah Pakualaman Pada Masa Paku Alam V (1878—1900)

The purpose of this study is to discover the purpose of Paku Alam V, the supreme ruler of Kadipaten Pakualaman Yogyakarta (1878-1900) in initiating the recopying of classic manuscripts by changing a number their rěrěnggan (illustrations), while at the same time adapting texts from newspapers to be written in Javanese with Javanese characters. In this study, the researcher used philology and hermeneutics approach. Philology was used because the research objects were old manuscripts. Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutics was utilized as a means to understand the text. The results of the study show that the creation of a number of copies at that time reflects the policies of Paku Alam V. Some of the policies were in the fields of economics and education. The economic slump at the end of the reign of Paku Alam IV forced Paku Alam V to live frugally. Despite this situation, Paku Alam V worked hard to support his daughters to study overseas and sought for the welfare of his people by providing good examples to encourage them to work hard. They were driven to have a modern way of thinking, but they should still uphold Javanese teachings handed down from Pakualaman's ancestors. The purpose of this study is to discover the purpose of Paku Alam V, the supreme ruler of Kadipaten Pakualaman Yogyakarta (1878-1900) in initiating the recopying of classic manuscripts by changing a number their rěrěnggan (illustrations), while at the same time adapting texts from newspapers to be written in Javanese with Javanese characters. In this study, the researcher used philology and hermeneutics approach. Philology was used because the research objects were old manuscripts. Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutics was utilized as a means to understand the text. The results of the study show that the creation of a number of copies at that time reflects the policies of Paku Alam V. Some of the policies were in the fields of economics and education. The economic slump at the end of the reign of Paku Alam IV forced Paku Alam V to live frugally. Despite this situation, Paku Alam V worked hard to support his daughters to study overseas and sought for the welfare of his people by providing good examples to encourage them to work hard. They were driven to have a modern way of thinking but they should still uphold Javanese teachings handed down from Pakualaman's ancestors.
 
 Key Words: copying; adaptation; rěrěnggan (illustration); Javanese teachings; a modern way of thinking
 
 Abstrak: 
 Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui maksud Paku Alam V, penguasa tertinggi Kadipaten Pakualaman Yogyakarta (1878—1900) memprakarsai penyalinan kembali naskah‐naskah adiluhung dengan mengubah sejumlah rěrěnggan ‘ilustrasi’­‐nya, sekaligus menyadur teks dari surat kabar untuk ditulis dalam bahasa dan aksara Jawa. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan pendekatan filologi dan hermeneutika. Filologi digunakan karena objek penelitian adalah naskah karya masa lampau; sedangkan hermeneutika pemikiran Paul Ricoeur dimanfaatkan sebagai sarana untuk memahami teksnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penciptaan sejumlah naskah pada waktu itu mencerminkan kebijakan Paku Alam V, antara lain dalam bidang ekonomi dan pendidikan. Keterpurukan ekonomi pada masa akhir Paku Alam IV menyebabkan Paku Alam V harus hidup hemat. Meski demikian, Paku Alam V berusaha keras memajukan pendidikan anak-anak perempuannya ke luar negeri dan menyejahterakan warganya dengan memberikan keteladanan agar mau bekerja keras. Mereka didorong berpikiran modern namun tetap harus memegang teguh piwulang Jawa yang diberikan oleh para leluhur Pakualaman

Climates of ontological change: past wisdom in current binds?

Although considering questions of wisdom and humility in relation to climate change may seem like a soft theoretical topic for an issue that needs hard and clear responses, there is an increasing literature that suggests the global inability to agree on the nature of climate change and what a response entails may be grounded in modern ways of thinking and being—ways that have long marginalized such inquiries. The increasing power of science and computer modeling has not only give us new ways of thinking about our relation to climate, but also represents our entry into a new sense of being where we are aware of humanity's interconnection with an ever‐changing climate system. Research with indigenous views of climate change and paleoclimatology are revealing historic insights on the evolving relation between the human mind and cycles of climate change. While such research can help situate our present realizations about human embeddedness within a longer history of human–climate relations, it is also necessary to recognize the unique dimensions of our current situation. This includes the increasing power of industrial humanity to destabilize global climate–human systems through greenhouse gas emissions; to technologically monitor those changes; and to promote changes in behavior that can be ethically responsive to global, not simply regional, climate–human relations. This article considers climate change as a challenge to modern ways of thinking and being, and concludes by contemplating some implications of returning to an older humility and wisdom. WIREs Clim Change 2014, 5:247–260. doi: 10.1002/wcc.267This article is categorized under: Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Sociology/Anthropology of Climate Knowledge Trans‐Disciplinary Perspectives > Humanities and the Creative Arts

Re-storing the Earth: A Phenomenological Study of Living Sustainably

Living sustainably evokes ideas of lived, bodily engagement with and perception of the earth. Yet, modern ways of thinking and speaking have slowly alienated the earth from consciousness. Using phenomenological methods, the author examines the experience of living sustainably, exploring her own background and the idea of restoring the earth to consciousness, before examining the lives of two students dedicated to living sustainably. Components of upholding the earth, in-volving humanity, perceiving differences in studying and embodying sustainability, and engaging in choices fill the experience of living sustainably.

La modernización social de la vejez en España

This paper tackles an issue somehow overlooked in sociological analysis of detraditionalization and social change: namely, the important role played by older persons in both processes. Older persons are leaving attitudes and behaviors deeply rooted in traditional Spanish society; moreover, they are developing completely modern ways of thinking and doing, as it is reflected in their life styles. Through a mixed methodological strategy —including secondary data analysis and focus groups—, we argue that the growing number of unipersonal homes linked to social modernization in the Western world affects not only to youth and adults but to elder headed homes too. More and more older persons decide to live alone because they claim greater autonomy and they are committed as never before to manage their own destiny and to avoid that anyone else decides on their behalf how they should live their lives.

An Examination on Nuri Bilge Ceylan's Movie “Uzak: The Story of Winner Losers”

This study attempts to bring a sociological perspective on the tense relationship between urban and rural life, via Nuri Bilge Ceylan’s movie “Uzak”. The director subtly examines the relationship, typical of capitalist-era modernisation, between an urban resident who has constructed “a sheltered loneliness”, and an unexpected rural guest who becomes involved therein. Via strong characterisation, the work opens a debate on the popular image of rural-urban opposition. Rural life, frustrated and then ignored by modern way of thinking, is nonetheless a reality saturated with capitalism. “Uzak”, with unique, cliche-free language, successfully reflects this.

Mir’āt al-‘ālam de Fatra min az-zaman: Les Muwayliḥī et la Nahḍa 1

Ainsi, tous les grands romans « dénoncent le principe de la fiction, qui les a nourris. Ils s'avancent vers une référence dans le monde réel qui est leur terminus ad quem ».2 2François Rastier, « Réalisme sémantique et réalisme esthétique », Théorie, Littérature, Enseignement 10 (1992): 81–119; citant F. Jacques, « Rendre au texte sa référence », Sémiotique 2 (1992): 93–124. English The ‘Mirror of an Era’ is the title we chose for this essay on two common-axised, time-paralleled and inter-complementary works of Arab literature: Mir’āt al-‘ālam (Mirror of the World) and Fatra min az-zaman (A Lapse of Time), written by two Muwayliḥīs, Ibrāhīm (the father) and Muḥammad (the son), respectively. Both works are classified as a modern genre of maqāma for the 19th century. They are tied together by their central themes and traverse theses, revolving around ‘the destiny of the East in confronting the West during the 19th century’. Moreover, they jointly contributed to the narrative evolution of this genre and to its progressive transition towards a novel structure. Differences between both works did not make them distant from one another. On the contrary, they brought them closer and made them complementary, as if they were two different sides of the same coin. In this sense they are a ‘two tier chronicle of a society: terrestrial and celestial’. These elements have prompted a comparative study of the narrative structure of both works, coupled with a research into the maqāma evolution, which resulted from them. The approach used by the two Muwayliḥīs was a considerable contribution not only to literature innovation but also to a modern way of thinking. Indeed, they made of the modern maqāma of the 19th century a space in which to build an ideology via the doxa used in the texts, so as to make a collective representation of the world and their contemporary societies. Each with his own style, the two authors created imaginary events to simulate the real world. Their ultimate objective was to make the Umma aware of its internal conditions and external circumstances, including the influence of western civilization. This ideological stance, expressed in a literary language, was a precise reflection of the authors' efforts and experiences within the framework of the Nahḍa movement, mid-way between traditionalism and modernism. Both works were written during almost the same period of time, between 1898 and 1903. They first appeared as series of articles in Miṣbāḥ al-sharq (The Torch of the East), the newspaper founded and directed by Ibrāhīm. The weekly publication of these articles was in itself an innovation in written Arab literary prose. These instalments were none other than integrated ‘chapters of a novel’, something that did not exist previously in Arabic literature. The tool for this innovation was a newspaper. Hence, Ibrāhīm created in the Arab world a contact point between literature, novelistic narrative and journalistic discourse, with a view to serving mainly the cause of the Muslim Arab and Muslim communities and their modernization. The works of these two authors were half-way between an imaginary world depicted through the fiction of their maqāma about world societies and the real world depicted in a ‘journalistic discourse about the same societies’. This is how the two authors conceived their Nahḍa action in terms of concepts, objectives and implementation. As a result, they modernized the way of writing literary fiction and transformed it into a vehicle for conveying their modern ideas.