Modern Usage Research Articles

James Light: “The Parade of Masks” (c. 1928)

James Light: “The Parade of Masks” (<i>c</i>. 1928)

ШЛЯХИ ВИРІШЕННЯ АКТУАЛЬНИХ ПРОБЛЕМ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОГО НАВЧАННЯ

Стаття присвячена аналізу проблем запровадження дистанційних форм навчання в сучасну методику вищої та загальноосвітньої школи. Навчання у вишах та в загальноосвітніх закладах має низку відмінностей, пов’язаних з відмінностями методик навчання дітей та молоді різних вікових категорій, але недоліки при впровадженні дистанційних форм навчання були виявлені схожі. Особливе значення це набуває при підготовці майбутніх учителів в педагогічних вишах, коли студенти в ході підготовки в педагогічному університеті придбають досвід використання дистанційних технологій, який потім можуть запроваджувати в своєї професійної діяльності, тобто при навчання учнів в загальноосвітньому навчальному закладі. Таким чином нами проводиться паралель між підготовкою студентів педагогічних університетів та учнів в школах.&#x0D; Метою написання роботи є формування загальних підходів для підготовки майбутніх учителів в галузі використання сучасних інформаційних технологій у навчанні. В роботі наводяться приклади використання інформаційних технологій у навчанні за останні 15 років та надаються висновки щодо підвищення ефективності навчання в умовах використання сучасних інформаційно-комунікаційних засобів, які постійно змінюються (модифікуються, або повністю зникають).&#x0D; Одержані протягом багаторічної роботи результати можна застосовувати при підготовці студентів педагогічних університетів. Особлива увага в роботі приділяється підготовці учителів інформатики. Наведені в роботі результати експериментального використання дистанційних форм навчання та ефективної комунікації базуються на досвіді роботи зі студентами та співпрацівниками кафедри прикладної математики та інформатики Державного закладу «Південноукраїнський національний педагогічний університет імені К. Д. Ушинського» та з учнями Одеської загальноосвітньої школи І-ІІІ ступенів № 73. Розглядаються особливості реалізації навчання за синхронною та асинхронною формою (синхронне навчання та асинхронне навчання).

A Case of Pragmaticalization in Russian: Micro-diachronic Analysis of the Particle ‘že’ in Questions

Že is one of the most closely studied particles in Russian, but its use within interrogative sentences, although it is a separate type of use, has not been investigated in detail. In this paper, I deal with the semantic and syntactic properties of že as part of a constituent or a polar question in the 18th–19th centuries and in modern usage. Based on the Russian National Corpus data, it is demonstrated that, in modern texts, že can appear in questions in four different meanings, each of them pragmatically coloured, whereas in the 19th century and earlier, že could also have a pragmatically neutral meaning, close to a conjunctive one, which has today been lost. This diachronic development corresponds to a typologically widespread scenario and represents the process known as pragmaticalization. The proposed semantic analysis of že is further considered in the light of syntactic tendencies in the evolution of this particle. This analysis can explain the absence of že in the polar questions in modern Russian and its presence in such types of questions in the Russian language of the 18th–19th centuries. The assumption that že has lost its conjunctive-like meaning in interrogative sentences is consistent with the observation that the conjunctive že is the less frequent type of že in declarative sentences.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ПРЕДМЕТОВ ОХРАНЫ ДЛЯ ОБЪЕКТОВ КУЛЬТУРНОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ ТИПА «ЖИЛЫЕ ДОМА»

The concept of “protected value” introduced in Russian legislation is fundamental for preservation works and adaptation for modern usage of cultural heritage monuments. The relevance of the topic is explained with the fact that in order to preserve the cultural heritage monuments, it is necessary to understand all aspects of the protected value of the site because it includes its all specific characteristics. The purpose is to identify the characteristics of cultural heritage sites and to offer additional elements of protection that necessary for their preservation. The analytical method analyzes and systematizes the "protected value" of cultural heritage monuments. The paper discusses the issues associated with the determination of the subject of protection in accordance with the current legislation on the preservation of cultural heritage sites for the type of "dwelling buildings". Dwelling buildings are typical for urban (including suburban) centers. The author analyzes publications on this subject and proposes an integrated systematization of protected value, focusing on the least developed and most problematic aspects, also urban and intangible characteristics. Taking into account the specific characteristics of the dwelling building including location in the urban landscape, compositional component, visual directions and intangible characteristics of sites special preservation restrictions are proposed.

ПРОБЛЕМА ПРИСПОСОБЛЕНИЯ И СОХРАНЕНИЯ БЛИЖНИХ УСАДЕБ ВЫСШЕЙ ЗНАТИ, НА ПРИМЕРЕ «ДАЧИ КУШЕЛЕВЫХ-БЕЗБОРОДКО»

The article deals with the phenomenon of neighboring estates of the highest nobility, as part of the historical city-forming aspect in the formation of St. Petersburg and its surroundings.&#x0D; &#x0D; The adaptation of cultural heritage sites for modern usage is relevant and necessary measure. Analytical method of studying allows to reveal specific characteristics of such type of sites as “neighboring estates of the highest nobility”. The main stages of construction and development of the territory of the Kushelev-Bezborodko mansion are considered as the example of the highest nobility estate. Talented outstanding architects created this object, and in the 19th century, works began on the development of its territory for a developing city. The object is assigned to the category of lost neighboring estates of the highest nobility, since the object has not been preserved in its original form.&#x0D; The stages of development of the territory are analyzed and a historical and cultural key plan is made. The condition of preservation of the historical environment is studied and the specific characteristics of the site and the environment are analyzed. Ways to preserve the object and the environment are proposed. It is established that in order to preserve the heritage site, it is necessary to establish requirements for the building and development of the surrounding area

Association between Intimate Partner Violence, Knowledge and Use of Contraception in Africa: Comparative Analysis across Five African Regions.

Background or Objectives:Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is common globally, and is associated with several adverse consequences. This study provides a comparative analysis of potential regional differences in the association between IPV and knowledge and use of contraceptives within Africa.Methods:A multi-country cross-sectional study was conducted using data on women of reproductive age 15-49 years from the Demographic and Health Surveys covering five African regions. Exposure and outcome variables were IPV and reproductive literacy (comprising modern contraception knowledge and contraception usage) respectively. We used survey log-binomial regression models to generate prevalence ratios that estimated the association between IPV versus knowledge and usage of modern contraception.Results:Overall IPV prevalence in Africa was 30.8% with notable regional differences. Demographic, socioeconomic, and reproductive history markers of IPV were more pronounced in younger women, rural residents, women of low socioeconomic status and those with copious knowledge but poor usage of modern contraception. The level of knowledge of contraception was 84% greater among African women who were victims of IPV compared to their counterparts who were not victims of IPV (p < 0.0001). IPV was not associated with actual usage of modern contraception (p = 0.21).Conclusion And Global Health Implications:IPV against women in Africa may incentivize knowledge seeking of modern contraception as protective mechanisms. Regional variations notwithstanding, understanding the existing and new characteristics predictive of IPV may inform policy development, resource allocation and prevention of IPV globally.

Semantic volume of the word Conviction in the Words and Homilies of the Russian saints of the 20th century

For the first time the article analyzes the semantics of the word conviction in the words and teachings of Russian saints of the twentieth century. The material is extracted from symphonies in the works of saints and from collections of sayings of Russian elders of the twentieth century. The article analyzes the semantics of the use of this word in religious texts as the implementation of religious discourse in comparison with the codified meaning of modern dictionaries. It is shown that the lexeme conviction is included in the etymological-word formative nest of semantics of different words in the modern Russian language ( court, judge, condemn, reason, judgment, fate, judicial , etc.) of the Indo-European root *dhe- (: *-dh-o: *dh-i-) with the semantics of establishment, action, and in addition with the prefix su- , which means combining or mixing, has negative appraisal and is Church Slavism in the Russian language not only by phonetic and orthographic signs, but primarily by semantic signs. The semantic difference in the religious and non-religious use of this word in the Russian and Church Slavonic language element is in the significative side, since in the Orthodox concept-sphere and the Russian religious discourse, conviction is associated with a number of conceptual ideas about the inner life of a person. Conviction is semantized as a destructive state of a person, violating the integrity of his personality and alienating him from God (the article identifies at least three semantic-cognitive features). Such semantic content clearly differs from lexicographical data in modern language, therefore the meaning of a word in Church Slavonic text space is understood as basic, and modern usage is understood as a narrowing of the original semantics.

Emotional AI and EdTech: serving the public good?

ABSTRACT Education Technology (EdTech) companies are deploying emotional AI to quantify social and emotional learning. Focusing on facial coding emotional AI that uses computer vision and algorithms to see, recognise, categorise and learn about facial expressions of emotion, this paper evaluates nascent usage of these technologies in education. To do this, it assesses the nature of child rights, the history and modern usage of face-based emotional AI, methodology and efficacy, and what this paper sees as a clash of private and public interests. Concern is shown to be two-fold: first is on method, especially given scope for material effects on students; second are ethical and legal concerns. While proposing a list of considerations for any implementation for these technologies in the classroom, the paper concludes that significant risks exist in deployment of these technologies in the classroom.

Navigating the Mechanics of Secondary Imagination in the Select Works of Eugene Ionesco and Harold Pinter

The phrase “Science and Imagination”, in the most modern usage, has beckoned the interest of many critics across the globe to dwell on the many possible connections between the two conflicting concepts evoking myriad responses from social commentators. There are those who would dismiss the role of reason in imagination as the infringement of ethics in creative writing. Aesthetic imagination in creative writing perhaps demands going one step beyond the contours of reason to achieve what is artistically termed as the miraculous representation of reality. The juxtaposition of Science and Imagination is well explained in the words of Coleridge in Biographia Literaria as “To make the external internal, the internal external, to make nature thought, and thought nature_this is the mystery of genius in the Fine Arts”[223]. The confluence of science and imagination breaks down the seemingly opaque barrier between the heart and the head leaving the path open for the meeting and merging of intellect and emotion. The present paper works upon the ways by which the writers or artists of absurd literature, especially of drama, have used secondary imagination to recreate the experiences of their conscious will. The proposed paper titled “Navigating the Mechanics of Secondary Imagination in the Select Works of Eugene Ionesco and Harold Pinter” tries to explore the nuances of secondary imagination in Amedee or How to Get Rid of It and Rhinoceros by Eugene Ionesco and The Birthday Party and The Caretaker by Harold Pinter. The paper further intends to focus on how authors of absurd literature, like Ionesco and Pinter, reflect the futility and absurdity of human existence by making use of Secondary Imagination in their works.

Performance Testing of istSOS Under High Load Scenarios

In the last 20 years, a mainstream in Earth information and decision making has been drawn by the vision of the digital earth that calls for 3D representation, interoperability and modelling. In this context, the time dimension is essential but despite its importance, not many open standards and implementations are available. The Sensor Observation Service from the Open Geospatial Consortium is one of them and was specifically designed to collect, store and share timeseries of observations from sensors. To better understand the performance and limitation of one software implementation of this standard in real cases, this study executed a load testing of the istSOS application under a high load condition, characterized by a high number of concurrent users, in three cases mimicking existing monitoring networks. The results, in addition to providing reference values for future similar tests, show the general capacity of istSOS in meeting the INSPIRE quality of service requirements and in offering good performance with less than 500 concurrent users. When the number of concurrent users increases to 1000 and 2000, only 80% of the response times are below 30 seconds, performance that is unsatisfactory in most modern usages.

Populism and Democratic Theory

Commentators routinely describe “populism” as vague. Some argue that the early US populists, who coined the modern usage, were not populists. We disagree and identify this common conceptual core: the “people” in a moral battle against “elites.” The core definition fits all cases of populism: those on the left and right, those in the United States, Europe, and elsewhere. In addition to this minimal common core, we identify strongly suggested and frequently correlated non-core characteristics. These include the people's homogeneity and exclusivity, direct rule, and nationalism, as well as a single leader, vilification of vulnerable out-groups, and impatience with deliberation. The US Populist Party and Spain's Podemos Party fit the core definition but have few of the other characteristics. The core can be good for democracy, we argue, while the associated characteristics are often dangerous. Populism in opposition can be good for democracy, while populism in power carries great risks.

Ultrathin Films of Cellulose: A Materials Perspective.

A literature review on ultrathin films of cellulose is presented. The review focuses on different deposition methods of the films—all the way from simple monocomponent films to more elaborate multicomponent structures—and the use of the film structures in the vast realm of materials science. The common approach of utilizing cellulose thin films as experimental models is therefore omitted. The reader will find that modern usage of cellulose thin films constitutes an exciting emerging area within materials science and it goes far beyond the traditional usage of the films as model systems.

On Pushkin’s language

The article explores the problems in the studies of Pushkin’s language, in particular, his typical word usage. In his polemic with critics (M. Epstein is among them), who accuse Pushkin of inaccuracies and historical blunders, the author reconstructs the historical context for certain words and justifies their specific usage in Pushkin’s works. The study focuses on such words as ‘zaperet’’ [‘to shut/lock’], ‘tasovat’sya’ [‘to socialize with’], etc. Thus the paper proves that Pushkin’s vocabulary may at times differ significantly from the modern usage (there is no shortage of such examples in the studies by the renowned linguist A. Penkovsky), or coincide with contemporary meanings (which is mostly the case), or sometimes astonish us with how it directly anticipates the phraseology we consider a modern invention. Here, as with any aspect of Pushkin’s work, rushed conclusions are out of place.

Notas sobre la historia de σύμφωνον / &lt;em&gt;consonans&lt;/em&gt;

El moderno término «consonante» deriva evidentemente del latino consonans, que, a su vez, es un calco semántico del griego σύμφωνον. El presente trabajo trata de rastrear la historia de uno y otro término y someter a crítica algunos de los tratamientos modernos de que han sido objeto. Tradicionalmente, se ha considerado como primera aparición de la denominación σύμφωνα para designar al conjunto de las que hoy llamamos consonantes la que muestra la Τέχνη γραμματική atribuida al filólogo alejandrino Dionisio Tracio (siglo II a. C.), cuya autenticidad, sin embargo, es, cuando menos, sospechosa para la moderna crítica. Por su parte, el término latino consonans está acreditado por primera vez en Quintiliano, a finales del siglo I d. C.

Galaxy Zoo: unwinding the winding problem – observations of spiral bulge prominence and arm pitch angles suggest local spiral galaxies are winding

We use classifications provided by citizen scientists though Galaxy Zoo to investigate the correlation between bulge size and arm winding in spiral galaxies. Whilst the traditional spiral sequence is based on a combination of both measures, and is supposed to favour arm winding where disagreement exists, we demonstrate that, in modern usage, the spiral classifications Sa-Sd are predominantly based on bulge size, with no reference to spiral arms. Furthermore, in a volume limited sample of galaxies with both automated and visual measures of bulge prominence and spiral arm tightness, there is at best a weak correlation between the two. Galaxies with small bulges have a wide range of arm winding, while those with larger bulges favour tighter arms. This observation, interpreted as revealing a variable winding speed as a function of bulge size, may be providing evidence that the majority of spiral arms are not static density waves, but rather wind-up over time. This suggests the "winding problem" could be solved by the constant reforming of spiral arms, rather than needing a static density wave. We further observe that galaxies exhibiting strong bars tend have more loosely wound arms at a given bulge size than unbarred spirals. This observations suggests that the presence of a bar may slow the winding speed of spirals, and may also drive other processes (such as density waves) which generate spiral arms. It is remarkable that after over 170 years of observations of spiral arms in galaxies our understanding of them remains incomplete.

CONSTRUCTION OF A NEUROET NETWORK EXPERT SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING NAVIGATION DATA IN CONDITIONS RIVER е-NAVIGATION

Context. The diagnostics automatisation problem of network anomalies during navigation data processing from gauging stations to electronic chart system under river e-navigation was studied. The object of the study is a process of diagnostic in the dynamic expert system. The purpose of the research is creating of automated troubleshooting system with a help of neural system.Method. The diagnostic automatisation method of network anomalies with context-based intelligent navigation data processing usage was suggested. The main idea consists in modern data processing methods usage in the neural system. These methods are based on the fuzzy logic algorithm. Neural networks can be in operation during parameter fluctuations, that come from gauging stations. The cluster-rules set is displayed in the fuzzy neural system structure. There is no need to download all sample specifications in the electronic mapping system or to re-check the sample, it helps to speed up the process of network synthesis. Inthe navigation data processing system were used different expert systems and neural networks. Data processing system should find network anomalies and propose the ways of their decision size, the method allows to get different levels of sample specification. The method allows to minimize network error in the synthesized model. In addition to fractal method, also had been proposed a method for unknown regularities between the input and output data coming from the gauging stations. That is, the neural network can determine which signals are non-informative. With a help of input data classification from the gauging stations based on Kokhonen`s system, the space of the data stream splits into clusters of the same size and shape. By changing the cluster size, the method allows toget different levels of sample specification. The procedure of input signals classification helps to predict the increasing or decreasing of differential corrections towards depth, and recognize information from gauging stations. The method determines the encoding and decoding of navigation parameters by specifying the parametric function of the triangular shape. The rules formed by an expertknowledge were established. In order to keep intellectual system under current conditions should be used neural dynamic expert system model including use case. The mechanism of automated solution based on the search use case algorithm is defined. If there are not any use cases, the task solves with a help of neural network rules. The network nodes are neurons – particular facts that areconsequences of use case. Links between nodes of the network implement the rules. That is, a multilayer neural network of facts and rules is built up.Results. The experimental indexes of network anomalies during data processing from the gauging stations were followed up.Conclusions. The automatisation problem of network diagnostic anomalies with a help of flexible fuzzy neural network was solved. The conducted experiments confirmed the efficiency of the proposed methods. Further research may consist in the creation of an instrumental navigation method (river e-navigation).

Forensic Accounting &amp;amp; Financial Investigation

Forensic Accounting &amp;amp; Financial Investigation

ПРОИЗВОДНЫЕ СУБСТАНТИВЫ НА -ЕЦ СО ЗНАЧЕНИЕМ ЛИЦА В ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИИ А. И. ГЕРЦЕНА «БЫЛОЕ И ДУМЫ»: СТРУКТУРА, СЕМАНТИКА, ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЕ

The article discusses the structure and functioning of nouns with the suffix - ец in A. I. Herzen’s work “My Past and Thoughts”. The analysis of the semantics and contextual peculiarities of the functioning of nouns ending in - ец is conducted on the basis of the Russian National Corpus. It has been ascertained that ethnonyms, denonyms and names of persons belonging to socio-political or religious groups are the most frequent among them. At the same time, A. I. Herzen uses both words and occasionalisms new to his time and obsolete words from the point of view of the modern usage. The cases of metaphorical use are also recorded.

مصطلحات علم الأصوات النطقي عند سيبويه وابن جني بين التأصيل والاستعمال

The Research Was Divided Into Two Main Sections, Which Adopted In Its Division The Conceptual Dimension Provided By The Terminology; Came The Terms Of Each Branch Itself, But The Internal Arrangement - In Each Branch - Came Alpha; Synonyms. In One Entry, It Was Placed Next To Her What Was Contrary To Them In The Concept Such (Voiced) And (Voiceless). The Division Was As Follows: General And Phonetics Terms. The Research Began By Introducing The Use Of SEBAWH And IBN JENNY To Define The Concept, And Then Rooting The Term, Especially When ALKHALEEL. Trying To Identify The Author Of The Term, Is It ALKHALEEL Or SEBAWH Or IBN JENNY? He Then Examined The Use Of The Term In Modern Linguistic Studies, Which Include Linguistic Dictionaries And Books, Defining The Relationship Between The Term And The Concept In Modern Usage. Keywords - Terminology, Phonetics, Linguistics, SEBAWH, IBN JENNY

Place-name Policies in Scandinavia and Elsewhere

A chosen place-name policy (or the lack of such a policy) might affect the existing place-name stock as well as emerging, proposed or future place-names in many ways. A chosen place-name policy might include name regulation, name preservation, name legislation, and name planning – including every step from observations and ideas to decision-making. It might affect individuals or groups of people as well as important societal structures and functions. So, what are the main tasks and challenges of today’s place-name policies in Scandinavia and elsewhere? How can modern demands and modern usage be combined with a quest to safe-guard place-names as part of our intangible cultural heritage? And finally, how can onomastics and onomasticians help the most and contribute to the understanding and awareness of these important aspects of names and naming. – In this paper I discuss these matters (with examples mostly from Sweden) – of course without giving any definite answers or solutions.