Modern Urdu Research Articles

A review of Selected Seerah Literature on the Miracles of Prophet (SAW)

The practice of Seerah composing has prevailed from the classical period of Islamic history, and it has proceeded through the ages, to the contemporary world. With the passage of time developments and different circumstances occurred in the methodology and way of writing on the Seerah as well. Various insightful works to feature the various aspects of the Prophet's (PBUH) life have shown up in the past numerous decades. The reason for composing such sort of works is, principally, to show the significance of the Prophet's life for all occasions, and in conditions. Modern Seerah texts are profoundly impacted by the impressive historical currents that have formed the post-colonial Muslim world. In the 19th century, the Islamic world confronted the Western understanding of science. The mystical and metaphysical sides of prophethood and Prophet Muhammad as a major component of their prophetologies. Modern Urdu Seerah writer’s approaches depict thoughtprovoking modus towards nubuwwa (prophethood) in a highly rationalised climate. This paper examines discussions of the metaphysical dimension of Prophet Muhammad’s ascension, known as the mi'rāj in available Urdu literature.

A dense tranquillity, a harsh solitude: the ‘un-natural’ modernism of Miraji

ABSTRACT This paper delineates the socio-historical imagination underpinning the works of Miraji, one of the pioneers of Urdu poetic modernism. It argues that the ‘modernism’ attributed to Miraji’s poetry is best understood as the culmination of, as well as a veritable departure from, a specific diachronic movement internal to the history of modern Urdu literature. Presenting the idea of ‘naturalness’ as one of the principal catalysts of this internal movement, this paper demonstrates how Miraji attempted to reorient the trajectory of modern Urdu poetry by adopting an equivocal poetic language, which challenged the moral, social, and political imports of this politico-aesthetic discourse of ‘naturalness’.

An overview of Ada Jafri’s Autobiography “Jo Rahi So Bekhabri Rahi”

Ada Jafri is one of the greatest writers who presented the essence of her art in the form of poetry as well as in prose. She holds a special position amongst the pioneers of modern Urdu and is also called the first lady of poetry. Apart from poetry, she also experimented with an important genre of literature, Aap Beti (autobiography). In her autobiography, “Jo Rahi So Bekhabri Rahi” Ada Jafri has appeared in a different style. Through this autobiography, she has described the educational and social problems faced by women before the establishment of Pakistan, as well as the culture and civilization of that time. The purpose of this research article is to provide readers with historical, cultural and tourist information in the light of Ada Jafri’s autobiography and to highlight the importance of autobiography in literature.

The Beginning And Trend Of Vagueness In Urdu Poetry

In this research paper, an attempt has been made to understand the beginnings of ambiguity in modern Urdu poetry and to understand it as a phenomenon. The ambiguous narrative of the modern poem has been debated in the literary world for decades. In the movement of linguistic formations that started in the sixties, an attempt was made to express a new poetic expression by completely deviating from the tradition. The intellectual and stylistic changes in poetry during this period gave rise to serious problems of ambiguity in modern poetry. The movement of linguistic formations died out within a few years after its failure, but the trend of ambiguity in poetry continued. Therefore, the trend of vagueness has been studied under the intellectual degeneration in the contemporary situation. In this regard, the impact of European literary trends and modern socio-linguistic ideas on Urdu poetry has also been examined.

Modern Urdu Fiction and Sufism: An Analytical Study

Modern Urdu Fiction and Sufism: An Analytical Study

An Analytical Study Of Aagha Hashar's Poetry

Aagha Hashar Kashmiri is a renowned poet and dramatist. He is considered one of the pioneers of Modern Urdu theater and his work is known for his poetic language in his dramas. He also wrote many poems i.e. "Shukariya Europe", Moj-e-Zam Zam, Eid Mubarak, Sultan tipu and so on. His poetry has Romanism, socialism, alcoholism, sarcasm, humour and vulgarity. Romanticism was inherent in his poetry and beauty was part of his nature. That is why his poetry is full of romanticism. The essence of speech is prominent in his poems and songs. Imagination, figure carving, subtle elegance, informality, creativity, similes and metaphors are the distinguish characteristics of his Ghazals. He also uses vulgar and immortal words in his poetry but his poetry contains hope and philosophy of life. Aagha Hashar had a lasting impact on Urdu.

A Progressive Poetic Tradition and the Ghazal

This article explores the intersection between the Progressive poetic tradition and the ghazal. The Progressive movement, known as "Taraqi Passand" in Urdu, emerged as a literary movement in the 20th century, aiming to challenge conventional poetic norms and embrace new ideas and social realities. While the ghazal traditionally revolved around themes of love, longing, and beauty, the Progressive poets sought to expand its boundaries and infuse it with socio-political relevance. This article delves into the historical context of the Progressive poetic tradition, highlighting its goals of addressing social injustices, advocating for political reform, and amplifying the voices of marginalized communities. By incorporating these concerns into the ghazal, the Progressive poets transformed the traditional form into a powerful tool for social commentary and critique. Furthermore, this article discusses the thematic evolution of the ghazal within the Progressive tradition. It explores how the poets expanded the traditional themes to encompass issues of inequality, poverty, discrimination, and the challenges of modernization. By doing so, the Progressive poets widened the scope of the ghazal and made it a reflection of the changing times and the evolving concerns of society. Through an exploration of the blending of the ghazal's structural framework with progressive ideas, this article emphasizes the significant role played by the Progressive poets in shaping the modern Urdu literary landscape. By infusing the ghazal with socio-political perspectives, they brought depth, diversity, and relevance to the traditional form, and in turn, opened new possibilities for poetic expression. In summary, this article highlights the symbiotic relationship between the Progressive poetic tradition and the ghazal, showcasing how the poets of this movement used the form to convey their socio-political concerns and contribute to the broader discourse of their time.

Literature And Sociolinguistics: A Stylistic Study Of Modern Urdu Poetry In The Context Of English Diction

This study delves into the use of English Diction in modern Urdu poetry and its impact on the stylistic context. The research focuses on selected poets and their incorporation of English words and phrases into their Urdu poetry. The study aims to understand how this inclusion affects the literary style and meaning of the poetry. It also explores the sociolinguistic implications of this phenomenon on the Urdu language and the relationship between the poets and their audience. This article aims to explore the stylistic implications of this trend through a stylistic analysis of the selected Urdu poets: Asad Muhammad Khan, Iftikhar Jalib, Salim-ul-Rehman, Akhtar Usman, Azra Abbas, Afzal Ahmed Syed, Zahra Nagah, Parveen Shakir, Zee Shan Sahil, Naseer Ahmad Nasir, Ali Muhammad Farshi, Waheed Ahmad, Rawish Nadeem and Arshad Meraj. The influence of English on Urdu can be seen as a reflection of the increasing globalization and Westernization of Pakistani society. The poets included in this study represent different generations and come from different parts of Pakistan, but they all share a common experience of growing up in a society that is increasingly exposed to English. The stylistic implications of the use of English Diction in Urdu poetry are varied and complex. On one hand, it can be seen as a way of enriching the poetic language, bringing new nuances and connotations to the Urdu lexicon.

Concept of Modern Woman in Feminist Poetry

This article discusses the role of women in modern Urdu poetry, what has been done in poetry writing and what has been done in different periods, as well as the sexual aspects of women in relation to the beloved. presented where there were no social walls between women and men, if Mir Aji's attitude of sexual freedom is found, but despite this, there are other aspects of women, namely mother and sister, in Faiz Ahmed Faiz. Mahbub is also seen as a unique entity, instead of presenting an imaginary image, they present a real woman. This is the reason why they mock love

A Translation of Jaun Elia’s Preface of Shāyad

Abstract Arguably the most “popular” Hindi-Urdu poet today, Jaun Elia involuntarily migrated from his hometown of Amroha in 1957 and soon after started his literary and intellectual activities in the foreign sprawling landscape of Karachi. He served as an editor and publisher of a literary journal titled Inshā’, produced scholarly works, and translated important philosophical and theological texts from Arabic and Persian into Urdu. But Jaun’s most sincere investment remained towards the craft of poetry, particularly to the ghazal, which he wrote prolifically and recited routinely at local and international mushāʿarahs till his death in 2002. The dibāchah (prologue-essay) from his first poetry collection, Shāyad, that was published only when Jaun was approaching sixty, is a formidable—even if at times formally complex—example of modern Urdu prose. This translation of the prologue-essay is not only intended to introduce Jaun’s philosophical, ideological, and aesthetical influences to the broader English-speaking publics but also to provide an aperture to those symbolic flashes from the poet’s biography which he wished to share with his readers.

Effects Of Absurdism On Modern Urdu Short Stories

The topic of this research is "Effects of Absurdism on Modern Urdu Short Stories". The research method for this is descriptive. In this research, the theory of the philosophy of absurdism has been described and along with, its effects in modern Urdu Short Stories have been studied. In this regard, the themes, techniques and styles of modern Urdu Stories have been researched in the context of philosophy and absurdism. The approach of the critics towards modern Urdu Story and especially towards the philosophy of absurdism is described. This research provides awareness about the modern Urdu story and Short Story writers.

Role Of Meera Ji And Majeed Amjad In The Foundation Of Modern Urdu Poetry

Majeed Amjid and Meera Ji are pioneers of the modern school of poetry. Both are prominent and influential persons in the modern era of poems in Urdu literature. They have introduced new tech techniques and styles in the field of poems, which diverted ate the nation of new poets towards new thoughts and ideas in this field. Being modern iconic poets, they portrayed human nature and introduce new tones and unique styles of ambiguity to express outer and inner feelings. They are creative multiband i- directional and know all the ways to convey their feelings through modern urdu poems. We will explore how they have changed style and their impact on modern poems in the 21st century.

THEMATIC SIMILARITIES BETWEEN IQBAL AND HIS CONTEMPORARY POETS

Iqbal was a great poet of modern Urdu poetry and his contemporary poets directly accepted his influence. Iqbal's poems were published in Sir Abdul Qadir's magazine "Makhzn", so he gained fame very quickly. His contemporary poets started imitating his themes and styles when he became famous. In the beginning, Iqbal made the phenomena of nature the subject of his poems. His contemporary poets have also presented the beauty of nature in their poetry. Soon Iqbal changed his direction of thought and awakened the consciousness of the nation. When Iqbal started patriotic, national, and reformist poetry, themes of national nature flourished in his contemporaries' poems. The poetry of Iqbal's era is intellectually homogenous and common. The main reason is that Iqbal and his contemporaries share many revolutionary ideas and national thoughts. In the poems of Iqbal and his contemporaries, dreams are found for the country's bright future. In their poetry, the description of the homeland, India's greatness, and the scenes of nature are reflected. Iqbal and his contemporary poets have made naturalism, nostalgia, patriotism, and children's literature the same subject. They have the same reform, moral, political, and social consciousness. Iqbal and his contemporary poets were patriotic. They revealed the hidden secrets of the universe and nature. In the poetry of Iqbal and his contemporary poets, the element of message and preaching is prominent. There is a lot of similarity in their imagination and thoughts.

The revival of Urdu language and Sir Syed Ahmad Khan

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan had verstyle personality. At the time when Sir Syed's literary period began, there was no notable prose creation in the Urdu language except the story. During this period, Urdu was the spoken language, but Persian was given priority for writing and compilation. Sir Syed's far-sighted eyes examined all these reasons and found ways for the development of Urdu language. With his efforts, Sir Syed made Urdu one of the top languages ​​of the world. He wrote articles in Urdu with fluency and with his influence. His articles published in "Tehbihul-ul-Akhlaq" have priority among Urdu articles. His works written in Urdu language, ‘‘Tarikh Sarkshi Bijnoor’’, ‘‘Risala Asaab Baghawat e Hind’’, “Khutbat-e- Ahmadiyya”, “Aasaar e sanadeed”, are counted among the important works of this period. Sir Syed is the founder of modern Urdu prose. The language has been given an important place among the important languages ​​of the world. In this paper, the efforts made by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan regarding the revival of Urdu language and literature have been studied.

09. The social Reasons and Impact of Modern Fiction

Literature generally and fiction particularly are permanent features of human life. Different types of story, classic and modern, varies in their themes, technique as well as their way of presentation. These variations based on changing values of human beings with respect to their age. This article analyses the social background of story and its changing types. There are some interesting aspects of story genres regarding the diversifications of old and modern way of human life as well as prospective social changes. These dimensions are discussed here in light of profane life. The core focus is the Modern Urdu short story.

Subverting the Idea of “One Nation, One Language, One Religion”: A Study of Surendra Prakash’s Urdu Short Stories

Abstract Urdu fiction writers have employed diverse ways and techniques to register the theme of migration. Perhaps the most well-known literary voice to explore this theme is that of Intizar Hussain, one of the pioneers of modern Urdu short story, who migrated from Bulandshahr (UP) to Lahore. Surendra Prakash, who migrated from Lyallpur (now Faisalabad) to Delhi and is also considered a pioneer of modern Urdu short story, offers a contrasting approach to the theme. Born to a Hindu Punjabi family in 1930, Prakash learned Urdu—not Hindi. His experience of migration differed much from that of Intizar Hussain. While Hussain’s fiction about migration contains the traces of ideology, Prakash had to migrate to Delhi not because of any ideological leanings, but rather urgent necessity. We find the theme of migration lurking in all four collections of his short stories (Dūsre Ādmī kā Drawing Room, Barf par Mukālamah, Bāz-goʾī and Ḥāẓir, Ḥāl Jārī). His short stories seem to subvert the very idea of “one nation” which was based on the formula of “one language and one religion.” This study aims at how Prakash’s work juxtaposes the plural, synthetic culture of pre-Partition days to the monolithic, religious-nationalistic culture that took shape after Partition.

Impacts of Extremism and Terrorism on Modern Urdu Poetry

Extremism mingles over the globe as a result of restlessness and hatred amongst the nations and sects. Preferences change and the human being faces its destroying effects. Each and every single man is affected by extremism in human societies. Among them the poets are the people who feel things at the earliest and reflect them in their poetic works. These reflections survive and become a part of languages, literatures and cultures. A fund of words, vocabulary, similes and metaphors take place in each and every extraordinary incident. Contemporary world is the victim of extremism. Any extreme thought process, action or attitude other than the balanced is known as extremism. Balanced behaviour and attitude play a key role in the fulfillment of desired actions. The imposition of any set of belief, values and attitude leads to the multiplication of extremism and it is so poisonous that it leads to the destruction of whole human society. History is repeating itself as extremism is once again pushing the globe towards ignorance and the darkness of the dark. Asia and particularly the subcontinent is the prime victim of extremism. Poet of this region has never turned a blind eye to the depiction of this havoc. Extremism has led to the emergence of new words, similes, metaphor and other figures of speech. Which are to be a part of the language and literature and to be survived? These words will be analyzed and discussed in a new getup and meanings as similes and metaphors of extremism used by poets and writers of this era. As a result of this research new words and figures of speech will be illustrated which are thoroughly used and are in practice by contemporary poets? The methodology used in this research will be both comparative and quantitative. As a result, this article will give glimpses of impacts of extremism on the modern Urdu poetry.

SCIENTIFIC THOUGHTS IN MODERN NAAT

Naat is a genre of poetry, traditionally enriched with the feelings of love and affection for Holy Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H), which has long been a way from a modern sensibility that has been invested in it by Allama Muhammad Iqbal. Iqbal, having sound knowledge of modern theories and scientific discoveries, introduced a new flavour of Naat. His Naatia Verses are a beautiful combination of traditional and nontraditional contents. He was the first poet who described the scientific implications of Mairaaj in many of his poems, verses and couplets. 
 Under the influence of Muhammad Iqbal, a new type of Naat was started being written. Especially during the past four or five decades, poets started describing the greatness of prophethood, the grandeur of being a mankind and the marvellous mysteries of miracles in a way inspired by theories, concepts and ideas based on scientific knowledge. In this article, an effort has been made as to how the essence of this modern age penetrated the contents of modern Naat. Modern Urdu literature, concerning Naat-e-Rasool (P.B.U.H), is a beautiful combination of faithfulness and unprecedented literary values. In this era, the scientific approach and the nobility of the subject matter are the natural beauty of this genera. Now modern Naat is no less than Ghazal or any other genera regarding usage of literary devices and modern sensibility.

AHMED NADEEM QASMI'S MENTAL TENDENCIES

Ahmed Nadeem was acclaimed high pedestal of fame in modern Urdu poetry especially, his ghazal attracted numerous readers and critics. In ghazal poetry, the last couplet (Maqta) carries immense importance. In Ahmed Nadeem Qasmi's art of ghazal, one may observe the beautiful end couplet (Maqta) having variegated subjects and thought processes. His Maqta expresses his intellectual inclinations and aptness in a specific style. This research article strives to explore his diversity of thoughts and intellectual briefly. We read that his Maqta embraces a vast array of topics of various subjects such as existentialism, the concept of God, certainty and uncertainty of faith, empiricism and humanism. In his Maqta, one may come across a new world of meanings, the world of love, hate, meeting and departure of lover and beloved, and the agony of knowledge and ignorance. The helplessness of man to acquaint with life and its upheavals and his countering strategies.

3. Novels of Abdullah Hussain___An Analysis

Urdu novel has very important in a literature. It has its own historical perspectives. Abdullah Hussain was renowned fiction writer in Urdu. He is considered trend and written style setter in Urdu novel writers. In this essay his new and unique written style of modern Urdu is being discussed in the perspective of modern fiction. It is also analysed the role of Abdullah Hussain to create a new, modern and mix Urdu in novels. Abdullah Hussain’s Novel have a big complex, weave of many strands, have a violent viability, like a stunning discharge of energy, deriving most of its kinetic pressure of love, which assumes, as the narrative progresses, the proportion of an auto-da-fe."